幼龄南方红豆杉人工林树冠形态特征与生长形质通径分析
|
摘要
【目的】了解南方红豆杉人工林分树冠形态特征对生长形质的影响程度,明确南方红豆杉树冠形态调控重点与方向。【方法】运用通径分析方法,分析了福建省明溪县15年生南方红豆杉人工林中冠幅、冠形率和树冠率与单株材积、胸径、无节材长度、尖削度以及生长形质综合评价值等5个因子之间的关系;利用多目标决策方法进行生长形质综合表现评价。【结果】15年生南方红豆杉冠幅、冠形率对单株材积具有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对单株材积具有极显著的负向作用;冠幅、冠形率对胸径有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对胸径有极显著的负向作用;冠幅、冠形率对无节材长度具有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对无节材长度具有极显著的负向作用;冠形率对树干尖削度有极显著负向作用,树冠率对树干尖削度有极显著正向作用,冠幅对树干尖削度有弱度负向作用。树冠特征因子间对南方红豆杉生长形质性状影响作用与重要性排序不尽相同。冠幅、冠形率对生长形质综合表现具有极显著的正向作用,但树冠率对生长形质综合表现具有极显著的负向作用。综合来看,影响因子相对重要性由大到小依次为树冠率、冠形率、冠幅。【结论】速生丰产优质干材南方红豆杉的理想树冠形态是:有着较小树冠率,狭长的冠形,以及在较小树冠率和狭长冠形前提下较大冠幅的树冠形态结构。树冠形态调控的重点与方向是降低树冠率。
【Objective】 We evaluated the impact degree between canopy morphological characteristics and growth and form quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, and clarified the key points and directions of morphological regulation. 【Method】 The growth and form quality comprehensive performance were evaluated by the multi-objective decision-making method and by determining the relationship between crown width, crown shape rate, crown rate, and five index factors: i.e., individual volume, diameter at breast height(DBH), length of non-knot timber, taperingness, comprehensive evaluation value of growth, and form quality. Fifteen-year-old T. chinensis var. mairei plantation in Mingxi County, Fujian Province as analyzed by path analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on the individual volume, whereas the crown rate had a significant negative effect on the individual volume. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on DBH, while crown rate had a significant negative effect on DBH. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on the length of non-knot timber, while crown rate had a significant negative effect on the length of non-knot timber. The crown shape rate had a significant negative effect on taperingness, while the crown rate had a significant positive effect on taperingness and crown width had a weak negative effect on taperingness. The influence and order of the relative importance of canopy characteristics on the growth and form quality indicators of T. chinensis var. mairei showed some differences. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on the growth and form quality comprehensive performance, while crown rate had a significant negative effect on growth and form quality comprehensive performance. The relative importance of factors were as follows: crown rate, crown shape rate, crown width. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the ideal crown morphological structure for cultivation of fast-growing, high-yield and high-quality timber of T. chinensis var. mairei is relatively small crown rate, followed by a long and narrow crown, and a larger crown width under the precondition of a small crown rate and long and narrow crown. The key point and direction of crown morphological regulation of T. chinensis var. mairei is a reduction in the crown rate.
【Objective】 We evaluated the impact degree between canopy morphological characteristics and growth and form quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, and clarified the key points and directions of morphological regulation. 【Method】 The growth and form quality comprehensive performance were evaluated by the multi-objective decision-making method and by determining the relationship between crown width, crown shape rate, crown rate, and five index factors: i.e., individual volume, diameter at breast height(DBH), length of non-knot timber, taperingness, comprehensive evaluation value of growth, and form quality. Fifteen-year-old T. chinensis var. mairei plantation in Mingxi County, Fujian Province as analyzed by path analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on the individual volume, whereas the crown rate had a significant negative effect on the individual volume. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on DBH, while crown rate had a significant negative effect on DBH. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on the length of non-knot timber, while crown rate had a significant negative effect on the length of non-knot timber. The crown shape rate had a significant negative effect on taperingness, while the crown rate had a significant positive effect on taperingness and crown width had a weak negative effect on taperingness. The influence and order of the relative importance of canopy characteristics on the growth and form quality indicators of T. chinensis var. mairei showed some differences. Crown width and crown shape rate had a significant positive effect on the growth and form quality comprehensive performance, while crown rate had a significant negative effect on growth and form quality comprehensive performance. The relative importance of factors were as follows: crown rate, crown shape rate, crown width. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the ideal crown morphological structure for cultivation of fast-growing, high-yield and high-quality timber of T. chinensis var. mairei is relatively small crown rate, followed by a long and narrow crown, and a larger crown width under the precondition of a small crown rate and long and narrow crown. The key point and direction of crown morphological regulation of T. chinensis var. mairei is a reduction in the crown rate.
引文
[1] 李火根,黄敏仁.杨树新无性系冠层特性与生长关系研究[J].林业科学,1999,35(5):34-37.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.1999.05.007.LI H G,HUANG M R.The relationship between crown characteristics and stem wood growth of new poplar clones[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1999,35(5):34-37.
[2] 段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京地区侧柏人工林密度效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3206-3214.DUAN J,MA L Y,JIA L M,et al.The density effect of Platycladus orientalis plantation in Beijing area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(12):3206-3214.
[3] BIGING G S,DOBBERTIN M.A comparison of distance-dependent competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees[J].Forestence,1992,38(3):695-720.
[4] 赵丹宁,熊耀国,宋露露,等.白花泡桐树冠结构、生长性状的选择对于形改良的影响[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(1):82-87.DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.1995.01.018.ZHAO D N,XIONG Y G,SONG L L,et al.Effect of the selection of grown structure and growth characteristics on the improvement of tree trunk form in Paulownia fortunei[J].Forest Research,1995,8(1):82-87.
[5] 邬荣领,王明庥,黄敏仁,等.黑杨派新无性系研究:Ⅴ.树冠结构与干形改良[J].南京林业大学学报,1988,12(3):1-14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.1988.03.001.WU R L,WANG M X,HUANG M R,et al.Studies of new clones of the Aigiros section Ⅴ.the relationships of tree crown structure with stem form improvement[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,1988,12(3):1-14.
[6] 欧建德,罗宁,吴志庄.幼龄期南方红豆杉生长和形质性状的优树家系遗传变异[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):117-122,129.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2017.02.20.OU J D,LUO N,WU Z Z.Variation of the family genetics of the plus trees Taxus wallichina var.mairei at young stage[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(2):117-122,129.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2017.02.20.
[7] 李生,陈存及.混交林分中乳源木莲冠层特性与生长的通径分析[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(3):310-314.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2005.03.016.LI S,CHEN C J.Path analysis on the crown characteristics and growth of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed stands[J].Forest Research,2005,18(3):310-314.
[8] 欧建德,吴志庄,康永武.峦大杉树冠特征与生长形质通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):8-11,40.DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2018.11.002.OU J D,WU Z Z,KANG Y W.Path analysis between canopy characteristics and growth,form quality of Cunninghamia konishii[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(11):8-11,40.
[9] 马永春,方升佐.欧美杨107不同冠层光合特性的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):39-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2011.04.008.MA Y C,FANG S Z.Research on photosynthesis characteristics in different canopy layers of poplar clone 107 (Populus × euramericana cv.Neva) [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2011,35(4):39-42.
[10] 欧建德,罗宁.南方红豆杉珍贵用材优良家系和单株配合选择[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(22):41-46.OU J D,LUO N.Combination selection of excellent families and plus trees of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei for precious timber[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(22):41-46.
[11] 欧建德,吴志庄.景观型南方红豆杉家系和单株选择[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(1):102-108.DOI:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.01.014.OU J D,WU Z Z.Excellent families and plus trees of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei for landscaping[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2016,33(1):102-108.
[12] 康永武,罗宁,欧建德.造林密度对南方红豆杉人工林生长性状的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(3):47-52.DOI:10.11929/j.issn.2095-1914.2017.03.008KANG Y W,LUO N,OU J D.Effects of planting density on the growth traits of Taxus wallichina plantation[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University(Natural Sciences),2017,37(3):47-52.
[13] 罗宁,欧建德,吴志庄.福建南方红豆杉林生境质量评价研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(6):52-57.DOI:10.11929/j.issn.2095-1914.2016.06.009.LUO N,OU J D,WU Z Z.Evaluation of habitat quality for Taxus wallichiana var.mairei in Fujian Province[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2016,36(6):52-57.
[14] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉苗龄型对苗木质量与造林成效的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(11):10-12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2016.11.003.OU J D,WU Z Z.Effect of seedling age types on the seedling quality and post-transplanting performance of Taxus wallichina var.mairei[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(11):10-12.
[15] 欧建德.基于多元统计分析的南方红豆杉幼林修枝技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):183-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.03.030.OU J D.Pruning techniques of Taxus chinensis var.mairei young plantations based on multivariate statistical analysis[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,40(3):183-187.
[16] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉修枝后生长与干形动态表现[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(1):104-111.DOI:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.01.015.OU J D,WU Z Z.Growth and stem form quality with pruning in Taxus wallichiana var.mairei[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2017,34(1):104-111.
[17] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉修枝经营措施优化及评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):117-122.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2017.01.018.OU J D,WU Z Z.Optimization of pruning operation method for Taxus wallichina var.mairei [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(1):117-122.
[18] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉人工林树干干形异常的诊断及处置[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(3):95-99.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.03.024.OU J D,WU Z Z.Early judgment and disposal technology for stem form abnormity of Taxus chinensis var.mairei plantation [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(3):95-99.
[19] 欧建德,吴志庄.经营措施及地形因子与南方红豆杉杈干关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(9):24-28.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2016.09.006.OU J D,WU Z Z.Relationship between management measures and terrain factors of Taxus wallichina var.mairei artificial pure forest and its forking[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(9):24-28.
[20] 康永武,欧建德,罗宁.林窗式疏伐对马尾松林内南方红豆杉生长形质的影响与优化[J].亚热带植物科学,2017,46(2):152-157.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2017.02.011.KANG Y W,OU J D,LUO N.Effects of gap thinning on growth and form quality of Taxus wallichina var.mairei seedlings in Pinus massoniana forest and optimization [J].Subtropical Plant Science,2017,46(2):152-157.
[21] 欧建德,吴志庄,罗宁.林窗大小对杉木林内南方红豆杉生长与形质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3098-3104.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2016.10.018.OU J D,WU Z Z,LUO N.Effects of forest gap size on the growth and form quality of Taxus wallichina var.mairei in Cunninghamia lanceolata forests [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(10):3098-3104.
[22] 欧建德,吴志庄.林下套种及坡位和弱光环境对南方红豆杉人工林早期生长及林分分化的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(10):12-16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2016.10.003.OUJ D,WU Z Z.Effects of intercropping pattern,different slope and weak light on early growth and structure differentiation of Taxus wallichina var.mairei plantation [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(10):12-16.
[23] 欧建德.观赏型南方红豆杉地理种源试验及优良地理种源的选择初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):134-140.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2012.04.25OU J D.Selection of excellent geographical provenances and test of geography provenances of landscapeTaxus chinensis var.mairei [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):134-140.
[24] SEWALL W.Correlation and causation [J].Journal of Agricultural Research,1921,7(3):557-584.
[25] 张琪,丛鹏,彭励.通径分析在Excel和SPSS中的实现[J].农业网络信息,2007(3):109-110,91.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6251.2007.03.038.
[2] 段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京地区侧柏人工林密度效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3206-3214.DUAN J,MA L Y,JIA L M,et al.The density effect of Platycladus orientalis plantation in Beijing area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(12):3206-3214.
[3] BIGING G S,DOBBERTIN M.A comparison of distance-dependent competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees[J].Forestence,1992,38(3):695-720.
[4] 赵丹宁,熊耀国,宋露露,等.白花泡桐树冠结构、生长性状的选择对于形改良的影响[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(1):82-87.DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.1995.01.018.ZHAO D N,XIONG Y G,SONG L L,et al.Effect of the selection of grown structure and growth characteristics on the improvement of tree trunk form in Paulownia fortunei[J].Forest Research,1995,8(1):82-87.
[5] 邬荣领,王明庥,黄敏仁,等.黑杨派新无性系研究:Ⅴ.树冠结构与干形改良[J].南京林业大学学报,1988,12(3):1-14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.1988.03.001.WU R L,WANG M X,HUANG M R,et al.Studies of new clones of the Aigiros section Ⅴ.the relationships of tree crown structure with stem form improvement[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,1988,12(3):1-14.
[6] 欧建德,罗宁,吴志庄.幼龄期南方红豆杉生长和形质性状的优树家系遗传变异[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):117-122,129.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2017.02.20.OU J D,LUO N,WU Z Z.Variation of the family genetics of the plus trees Taxus wallichina var.mairei at young stage[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(2):117-122,129.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2017.02.20.
[7] 李生,陈存及.混交林分中乳源木莲冠层特性与生长的通径分析[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(3):310-314.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2005.03.016.LI S,CHEN C J.Path analysis on the crown characteristics and growth of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed stands[J].Forest Research,2005,18(3):310-314.
[8] 欧建德,吴志庄,康永武.峦大杉树冠特征与生长形质通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):8-11,40.DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2018.11.002.OU J D,WU Z Z,KANG Y W.Path analysis between canopy characteristics and growth,form quality of Cunninghamia konishii[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(11):8-11,40.
[9] 马永春,方升佐.欧美杨107不同冠层光合特性的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(4):39-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2011.04.008.MA Y C,FANG S Z.Research on photosynthesis characteristics in different canopy layers of poplar clone 107 (Populus × euramericana cv.Neva) [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2011,35(4):39-42.
[10] 欧建德,罗宁.南方红豆杉珍贵用材优良家系和单株配合选择[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(22):41-46.OU J D,LUO N.Combination selection of excellent families and plus trees of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei for precious timber[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(22):41-46.
[11] 欧建德,吴志庄.景观型南方红豆杉家系和单株选择[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(1):102-108.DOI:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.01.014.OU J D,WU Z Z.Excellent families and plus trees of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei for landscaping[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2016,33(1):102-108.
[12] 康永武,罗宁,欧建德.造林密度对南方红豆杉人工林生长性状的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(3):47-52.DOI:10.11929/j.issn.2095-1914.2017.03.008KANG Y W,LUO N,OU J D.Effects of planting density on the growth traits of Taxus wallichina plantation[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University(Natural Sciences),2017,37(3):47-52.
[13] 罗宁,欧建德,吴志庄.福建南方红豆杉林生境质量评价研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(6):52-57.DOI:10.11929/j.issn.2095-1914.2016.06.009.LUO N,OU J D,WU Z Z.Evaluation of habitat quality for Taxus wallichiana var.mairei in Fujian Province[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2016,36(6):52-57.
[14] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉苗龄型对苗木质量与造林成效的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(11):10-12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2016.11.003.OU J D,WU Z Z.Effect of seedling age types on the seedling quality and post-transplanting performance of Taxus wallichina var.mairei[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(11):10-12.
[15] 欧建德.基于多元统计分析的南方红豆杉幼林修枝技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):183-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.03.030.OU J D.Pruning techniques of Taxus chinensis var.mairei young plantations based on multivariate statistical analysis[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,40(3):183-187.
[16] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉修枝后生长与干形动态表现[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(1):104-111.DOI:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.01.015.OU J D,WU Z Z.Growth and stem form quality with pruning in Taxus wallichiana var.mairei[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,2017,34(1):104-111.
[17] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉修枝经营措施优化及评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):117-122.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2017.01.018.OU J D,WU Z Z.Optimization of pruning operation method for Taxus wallichina var.mairei [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(1):117-122.
[18] 欧建德,吴志庄.南方红豆杉人工林树干干形异常的诊断及处置[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(3):95-99.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.03.024.OU J D,WU Z Z.Early judgment and disposal technology for stem form abnormity of Taxus chinensis var.mairei plantation [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(3):95-99.
[19] 欧建德,吴志庄.经营措施及地形因子与南方红豆杉杈干关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(9):24-28.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2016.09.006.OU J D,WU Z Z.Relationship between management measures and terrain factors of Taxus wallichina var.mairei artificial pure forest and its forking[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(9):24-28.
[20] 康永武,欧建德,罗宁.林窗式疏伐对马尾松林内南方红豆杉生长形质的影响与优化[J].亚热带植物科学,2017,46(2):152-157.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2017.02.011.KANG Y W,OU J D,LUO N.Effects of gap thinning on growth and form quality of Taxus wallichina var.mairei seedlings in Pinus massoniana forest and optimization [J].Subtropical Plant Science,2017,46(2):152-157.
[21] 欧建德,吴志庄,罗宁.林窗大小对杉木林内南方红豆杉生长与形质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3098-3104.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2016.10.018.OU J D,WU Z Z,LUO N.Effects of forest gap size on the growth and form quality of Taxus wallichina var.mairei in Cunninghamia lanceolata forests [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(10):3098-3104.
[22] 欧建德,吴志庄.林下套种及坡位和弱光环境对南方红豆杉人工林早期生长及林分分化的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(10):12-16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2016.10.003.OUJ D,WU Z Z.Effects of intercropping pattern,different slope and weak light on early growth and structure differentiation of Taxus wallichina var.mairei plantation [J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(10):12-16.
[23] 欧建德.观赏型南方红豆杉地理种源试验及优良地理种源的选择初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):134-140.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2012.04.25OU J D.Selection of excellent geographical provenances and test of geography provenances of landscapeTaxus chinensis var.mairei [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):134-140.
[24] SEWALL W.Correlation and causation [J].Journal of Agricultural Research,1921,7(3):557-584.
[25] 张琪,丛鹏,彭励.通径分析在Excel和SPSS中的实现[J].农业网络信息,2007(3):109-110,91.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6251.2007.03.038.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |