贵州遵义松林Ni-Mo多金属矿区土壤Ni污染及农作物健康风险评价
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摘要
为研究贵州遵义松林Ni-Mo多金属矿区采矿活动对周围土壤和农作物的影响,以小竹流水和团山堡矿点为研究区域,采集矿点周围表层土壤(旱地土和水稻土)和农作物样品共51个,分析其Ni含量特征,并分别采用地累积指数法和危险商法对土壤Ni污染程度和农作物Ni健康风险进行评价。结果显示:矿区旱地土和水稻土Ni平均含量分别为157.1 mg·kg~(-1)和197.0 mg·kg~(-1),两种类型土壤均具有高Ni含量特征;6种农作物(水稻、玉米、甘薯、白菜、辣椒和萝卜)样品Ni含量范围为0.36～59.97 mg·kg~(-1),除玉米外其余农作物平均含量均超过《食品卫生理化检验标准手册》收入的Ni标准限量。地累积指数法评价结果显示,矿区旱地土和水稻土均受到不同程度的Ni污染,污染程度主要为轻度污染至中度污染-重度污染,部分土壤达到重污染。农作物Ni健康风险指数表明,各农作物的Ni摄入量均小于暴露参考计量,对应的健康风险指数均小于1,表明单独食用其中一种农作物对成人和儿童造成的Ni健康风险较小。如果同时食用这6种农作物,成人和儿童的Ni健康风险指数均大于1,存在一定的健康风险。本研究的评价结果表明,矿区土壤中Ni受到牛蹄塘组底部黑色页岩风化及Ni-Mo矿开采的影响,存在一定程度的Ni污染,并对周围居民造成了一定的健康风险。
To understand the contamination degree of nickel(Ni)in soils around the Ni-molybdenum(Mo)polymetallic mining areas in Songlin, Zunyi, China and human health risk of this heavy metal in crops planted on these soils, the content of Ni in 51 soil and crop sam?ples was analyzed. Furthermore, the pollution degree of Ni in the soils and human health risk of Ni in the crops were assessed using the geo?accumulation index and hazard quotient, respectively. Firstly, the results of the present study show that the soils have high Ni content withan average of 157.1 mg·kg~(-1) in the upland soil and 197.0 mg·kg~(-1) in paddy soil, which are significantly higher than that(33.0 mg·kg~(-1))inthe reference soil sample. The results also reveal that the concentration of Ni in the crops(Chinese cabbage, radish, sweet potato, rice, pep?per, and maize)ranges from 0.36 mg·kg~(-1) to 59.97 mg·kg~(-1). Except corn, the average content of Ni in individual crops exceeds the Ni stan?dard limit(grain:0.40 mg·kg~(-1), garden stuff:0.30 mg·kg~(-1))reported in the Manual of the Standards for the Physical and Chemical Inspec?tion of Food Hygiene. Further, the analysis of geoaccumulation index indicates that the upland and paddy soils might be polluted by Ni(most of the soil samples present an evaluation degree of mild to moderate pollution, and some with heavy pollution). Simultaneously, theanalysis of human health risk index suggests that the intake of Ni from each crop is lower than the exposure reference measurement and thatthe corresponding health risk index is <1, indicating that the risk of Ni caused by individual crop for adults and children is less. However,when all the six crops were included, the Ni health risk index for adults and children is >1, suggesting that the health risk of Ni to human might be caused by long-term regular consumption of these crops.
To understand the contamination degree of nickel(Ni)in soils around the Ni-molybdenum(Mo)polymetallic mining areas in Songlin, Zunyi, China and human health risk of this heavy metal in crops planted on these soils, the content of Ni in 51 soil and crop sam?ples was analyzed. Furthermore, the pollution degree of Ni in the soils and human health risk of Ni in the crops were assessed using the geo?accumulation index and hazard quotient, respectively. Firstly, the results of the present study show that the soils have high Ni content withan average of 157.1 mg·kg~(-1) in the upland soil and 197.0 mg·kg~(-1) in paddy soil, which are significantly higher than that(33.0 mg·kg~(-1))inthe reference soil sample. The results also reveal that the concentration of Ni in the crops(Chinese cabbage, radish, sweet potato, rice, pep?per, and maize)ranges from 0.36 mg·kg~(-1) to 59.97 mg·kg~(-1). Except corn, the average content of Ni in individual crops exceeds the Ni stan?dard limit(grain:0.40 mg·kg~(-1), garden stuff:0.30 mg·kg~(-1))reported in the Manual of the Standards for the Physical and Chemical Inspec?tion of Food Hygiene. Further, the analysis of geoaccumulation index indicates that the upland and paddy soils might be polluted by Ni(most of the soil samples present an evaluation degree of mild to moderate pollution, and some with heavy pollution). Simultaneously, theanalysis of human health risk index suggests that the intake of Ni from each crop is lower than the exposure reference measurement and thatthe corresponding health risk index is <1, indicating that the risk of Ni caused by individual crop for adults and children is less. However,when all the six crops were included, the Ni health risk index for adults and children is >1, suggesting that the health risk of Ni to human might be caused by long-term regular consumption of these crops.
引文
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