陕北矿区不同土地类型下土壤重金属污染评价
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摘要
通过对陕西北部矿区4种土地类型(草地、农田、道路、矿区)中8种重金属元素(Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、As、Zn)含量的测定,结合毗邻区土壤重金属背景值,对矿区不同土地利用类型的土壤重金属污染程度和综合潜在生态风险危害进行评价。结果表明:1)研究区土壤Hg和Cd元素累积明显,其余6种重金属虽未超过GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》二级标准,但已呈现出一定的累积效应; 2) 4种土地利用类型下Hg和Cd元素分担率高达93%以上,单项污染指数达到重度污染水平,其余6种重金属元素分担率相对较低,单项污染指数表现为清洁水平,综合污染指数计算表明,4种土地利用类型均表现为重污染; 3)综合潜在生态风险指数计算表明,草地处于重度风险等级,其余3种土地类型均为严重风险等级。
Through the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements( Cd,Cu,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb,As,and Zn)under four land use types( Grassland,Farmland,Roads,and Mining areas) in northern Shaanxi mining area,the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals are evaluated combing with the soil heavy metal background in adjacent areas. The results showed that: 1) The accumulation of Hg and Cd in the soil is significant in the study area. Although the remaining six heavy metals do not exceed the they have present some cumulative effects. 2) Hg and Cd pollutant sharing rate is as high as 93%,and single pollution index reaches severe pollution level. However,the share of the other heavy metals are relatively low,and the single pollution index shows a clean level. The comprehensive pollution index showed that the four land use types all are on heavy pollution. 3) The comprehensive potential ecological risk index indicated that the grassland is at a severe risk level,whereas farmland,roads,and mining areas are at serious risk level.
Through the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements( Cd,Cu,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb,As,and Zn)under four land use types( Grassland,Farmland,Roads,and Mining areas) in northern Shaanxi mining area,the pollution degree and potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals are evaluated combing with the soil heavy metal background in adjacent areas. The results showed that: 1) The accumulation of Hg and Cd in the soil is significant in the study area. Although the remaining six heavy metals do not exceed the they have present some cumulative effects. 2) Hg and Cd pollutant sharing rate is as high as 93%,and single pollution index reaches severe pollution level. However,the share of the other heavy metals are relatively low,and the single pollution index shows a clean level. The comprehensive pollution index showed that the four land use types all are on heavy pollution. 3) The comprehensive potential ecological risk index indicated that the grassland is at a severe risk level,whereas farmland,roads,and mining areas are at serious risk level.
引文
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[22]阿不都艾尼,阿不里,塔西甫拉提,等.准东露天煤矿土壤重金属的污染及空间分布特征分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(3):58-64.
[23] Delang C O. Causes and distribution of soil pollution in China[J].Environmental&Socio-economic Studies,2017,5(4):1-17.
[24] Huang Y,Li J,Song T,et al. Microstructure of Coal Gangue and Precipitation of Heavy Metal Elements[J]. Journal of Spectroscopy,2017,2017(4):1-9.
[25]孙彬彬,周国华,刘占元,等.黄河下游山东段沿岸土壤中重金属元素异常的成因[J].地质通报,2008,27(2):265-270.
[26]刘元东,刘明利,魏宏伟,等.安全小麦示范区土壤质地对土壤重金属含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(8):70-73.
[27]石占飞,王力.神木矿区土壤重金属含量特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(6):1150-1158.
[28] Wuana R A,Okieimen F E. Heavy metals in contaminated soils:a review of sources,chemistry,risks and best available strategies for remediation[J]. Isrn Ecology,2011,2011(2090/4614):1-20.
[2] Kim K D,Lee S,Oh H J,et al. Assessment of ground subsidence hazard near an abandoned underground coal mine using GIS[J].Environmental Geology,2006,50(8):1183-1191.
[3]雷少刚,卞正富.西部干旱区煤炭开采环境影响研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2837-2843.
[4]孙叶芳.矿区土壤重金属毒性评价及污染修复[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[5]钟顺清.矿区土壤污染与修复[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(6):532-534.
[6] Bhuiyan M A,Parvez L,Islam M A,et al. Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1):384-392.
[7] Concas A,Ardau C,Cristini A,et al. Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in a mining activity contaminated site[J]. Chemosphere,2006,63(2):244-253.
[8] Jiang X,Lu W X,Yang Q C,et al. Potential ecological risk assessment and prediction of soil heavy metal pollution around coal gangue dump[J]. Natural Hazards&Earth System Sciences,2014,14(6):1977-2010.
[9]王丽,王力,和文祥,等.神木煤矿区土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8):1343-1347.
[10]吴林筱.陕北能源开发区土地生态安全与风险时空差异分析[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2016.
[11]徐友宁,吴贤,陈华清.大柳塔煤矿地面塌陷区的生态地质环境效应分析[J].中国矿业,2008,17(3):38-40.
[12]窦廷焕,肖达先,董雅琴,等.神府东胜矿区煤中微量元素初步研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,26(3):11-15.
[13]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.土地利用现状分类:GB/T 21010—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[14]尚浩博.资源环境常规分析方法[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2010.
[15]徐友宁,李智佩,陈华清,等.生态环境脆弱区煤炭资源开发诱发的环境地质问题:以陕西省神木县大柳塔煤矿区为例[J].地质通报,2008,27(8):1344-1350.
[16]国家环境保护局.GB 15618—1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[17] Yudovich Y E,Ketris M P. Mercury in coal:a review Part 2. Coal use and environmental problems[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,62(3):135-165.
[18]陈宝玉,王洪君,曹铁华,等.不同磷肥浓度下土壤-水稻系统重金属的时空累积特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2274-2280.
[19]丁少男,薛萐,刘国彬,等.长期施肥对黄土丘陵区农田土壤微量元素有效含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):124-130.
[20]刘玥,韩雪峰,牛宏,等.神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤重金属污染评价[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2015,34(9):1021-1025.
[21]陈丙义,赵安芳.重金属污染土壤对农业生产的影响及其可持续利用的措施[J].平顶山工学院学报,2003,12(2):31-33.
[22]阿不都艾尼,阿不里,塔西甫拉提,等.准东露天煤矿土壤重金属的污染及空间分布特征分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(3):58-64.
[23] Delang C O. Causes and distribution of soil pollution in China[J].Environmental&Socio-economic Studies,2017,5(4):1-17.
[24] Huang Y,Li J,Song T,et al. Microstructure of Coal Gangue and Precipitation of Heavy Metal Elements[J]. Journal of Spectroscopy,2017,2017(4):1-9.
[25]孙彬彬,周国华,刘占元,等.黄河下游山东段沿岸土壤中重金属元素异常的成因[J].地质通报,2008,27(2):265-270.
[26]刘元东,刘明利,魏宏伟,等.安全小麦示范区土壤质地对土壤重金属含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(8):70-73.
[27]石占飞,王力.神木矿区土壤重金属含量特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(6):1150-1158.
[28] Wuana R A,Okieimen F E. Heavy metals in contaminated soils:a review of sources,chemistry,risks and best available strategies for remediation[J]. Isrn Ecology,2011,2011(2090/4614):1-20.
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