低成本空气传感器国际政策进展及应用——美国、欧盟与中国的比较

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英文篇名：Policies and applications of low-cost sensing technologies for air quality monitoring:comparison of the US,EU and China 作者：张建宇 ; 姚祎 ; 秦虎 ; 管越 英文作者：ZHANG Jianyu;YAO Yi;QIN Hu;GUAN Yue;Environmental Defense Fund Beijing Representative Office; 关键词：低成本传感器 ; 空气质量监测 ; 美国 ; 欧盟 ; 中国 英文关键词：low-cost sensors;;air quality monitoring;;US;;EU;;China 中文刊名：环境与可持续发展 英文刊名：Environment and Sustainable Development 机构：美国环保协会北京代表处; 出版日期：2019-04-16 出版单位：环境与可持续发展 年：2019 期：02 语种：中文; 页：49-54 页数：6 CN：11-5337/X ISSN：1673-288X 分类号：X851

摘要

低成本、小体积、低功耗传感器技术的发展使得我们能够近乎实时地以高分辨率进行空气质量监测,对已有的大气监测网络进行补充,并使更多的公众积极参与到环境监测中,共同改善空气质量。本文对美国、欧盟和中国推动大气监测领域中低成本传感器技术发展及应用的政策、低成本传感器性能标准的设定情况、应用场景及发展模式进行梳理、对比、分析,最后为低成本空气传感器技术在我国的进一步发展提出了四点建议。第一,自上而下与自下而上的发展模式相结合,加快制定传感器技术标准和规范;第二,拓宽应用场景,让更多的公众参与到空气质量改善过程中;第三,促进国际交流与合作,制定区域性或者国际性的传感器技术标准与规范;第四,加大资金支持,实现传感器技术的不断创新。
        Small and low-cost sensor technologies enable us to realize near-realtime air quality monitoring at the hyperlocal level,which could be used to complement existing air monitoring networks and make more people to actively participate in air pollution prevention process.The paper contrasts and analyzes the policies,application scenarios and development models of low-cost sensor technologies in the United States,the European Union and China.Finally,suggestions have been put forward for the further development of low-cost sensors within air monitoring field in China.First,accelerates the formulation of sensor technology standards and specifications through the combination of top-down and bottom-up development models.Second,broaden application scenarios and allow more public participation in the air quality improvement process.Third,promote international cooperation and information exchanges,and formulate regional or international sensor technology standards.Fourth,increase financial support to achieve continuous innovation of low-cost air quality sensors.

引文

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    (1)Intra-model variability is related to how close the measurements from three units of the same sensor type are to each other.It is evaluated through a set of descriptive statistical parameters,such as mean,median,and standard deviation.
    (2)Data recovery is calculated using a percentage ratio of the number of valid sensor data points over the total number of data points collected during the testing period(e.g.10 hours of testing at 1-min time resolution results in up to 600 data points in total).
    (3)Linear correlation coefficient expresses the strength of the linear relationship between the average measurements from the three sensor tested and the corresponding reference instrument values.
    (4)Indicative measurements shall mean measurements which meet data quality objectives that are less strict than those required for fixed measurements.
    (5)The requirements for minimum data capture and time coverage do not include losses of data due to the regular calibration or the normal maintenance of the instrumentation.