排水对若尔盖高寒沼泽CO_2和CH_4排放通量的影响
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摘要
建立3块标准样地(天然沼泽、1990s和1970s排水沼泽),于2014年生长季期间,采用静态箱-快速温室气体分析仪野外原位观测CO_2和CH_4排放通量.结果表明:沼泽排水增加了土壤温度(5,20,45cm),但降低沼泽水位;1990s[(680±329)mg CO_2/(m2·h)] 1970s排水沼泽[(973±234)mg CO_2/(m2·h)]生态系统CO_2排放通量分别较天然沼泽增加了200%和330%,但CH_4排放通量[(0.78±0.52)mg CH_4/(m2·h)]和[(-0.01±0.02)mg CH_4/(m2·h)]较天然沼泽分别降低了90%和100%;综合考虑两者排放通量,1990s[(186±89)mg C/(m2·h)]和1970s排水沼泽[(265±64)mg C/(m2·h)生态系统碳(C)排放通量较天然沼泽分别增加了180%和300%.天然沼泽、1990s和1970s排水沼泽生态系统CO_2排放通量与5cm土壤温度存在显著正相关,而仅1990s排水沼泽生态系统CO_2排放通量与水位存在显著负相关.天然沼泽生态系统CH_4排放通量与土壤温度(5,20,45cm)存在显著正相关,但1970s排水沼泽生态系统CH_4排放通量与土壤温度(20,45cm)存在说著负相关,1990s排水沼泽生态系统CH_4排放通量与水位存在显著正相关.沼泽排水显著增加了若尔盖高寒沼泽生态系统C排放通量,降低了沼泽C汇功能,可能增强区域气候变暖.
The CO_2 and CH_4 emission fluxes in the Zoige Plateau Marsh were monitored by using the dark static chamber and Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer at three typical sampling sites(natural marsh,drainage marshes in the 1990 s and 1970 s)from May to October in 2014.The results showed that the drainage increased the soil temperature(5,20 and 45 cm depth)and reduced the water level.The ecosystem CO_2 emission fluxes of the drained marshes in 1990 s[(680±329)mg C02/(m2·h)]and 1970 s[(973±234)mg CO_2/(m2·h)]were 200% and 330% higher than that in the natural marsh.While,the ecosystem CH_4 emission fluxes of the drained marshes in 1990 s[(0.78±0.52)mg CH_4/(m2·h)]and 1970 s[(-0.01±0.02)mg CH_4/(m2·h)]were 90% and 100% lower than that in the natural marsh,respectively.Taking into consideration of both CO_2 and CH_4 emission fluxes,the ecosystem carbon(C)emission fluxes of the drained marshes in 1990 s[(186±89)mg C/(m2·h)]and 1970 s[(265±64)mg C/(m2·h)]were 180% and 300% higher than that in the natural marsh.Besides,there was a significant positive correlation between the ecosystem CO_2 emission fluxes and the soil temperature of 5 cm depth in the three typical sampling sites.Whereas,there was an obvious negative correlation between the ecosystem CO_2 emission flux and the water level in the 1990 s drained marsh.In addition,the ecosystem CH_4 emission flux in the natural marsh was notably positively correlated with the soil temperatures at 5,20 and 45 cm depth.However,the ecosystem CH_4 emission flux in the 1970 s drained marsh was remarkably negatively correlated with the soil temperatures at 20 and 45 cm depth.Meanwhile,we also found that there was a significant positive relation between the ecosystem CH_4 emission flux in the 1990 s drained marsh and the water level.This research suggested that the marsh drainage could significantly increase the ecosystem C emission flux from the soil into the atmosphere in the Zoige Plateau Marsh,subsequently decrease the soil C sink function,and further enhance the regional climate warming.
The CO_2 and CH_4 emission fluxes in the Zoige Plateau Marsh were monitored by using the dark static chamber and Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer at three typical sampling sites(natural marsh,drainage marshes in the 1990 s and 1970 s)from May to October in 2014.The results showed that the drainage increased the soil temperature(5,20 and 45 cm depth)and reduced the water level.The ecosystem CO_2 emission fluxes of the drained marshes in 1990 s[(680±329)mg C02/(m2·h)]and 1970 s[(973±234)mg CO_2/(m2·h)]were 200% and 330% higher than that in the natural marsh.While,the ecosystem CH_4 emission fluxes of the drained marshes in 1990 s[(0.78±0.52)mg CH_4/(m2·h)]and 1970 s[(-0.01±0.02)mg CH_4/(m2·h)]were 90% and 100% lower than that in the natural marsh,respectively.Taking into consideration of both CO_2 and CH_4 emission fluxes,the ecosystem carbon(C)emission fluxes of the drained marshes in 1990 s[(186±89)mg C/(m2·h)]and 1970 s[(265±64)mg C/(m2·h)]were 180% and 300% higher than that in the natural marsh.Besides,there was a significant positive correlation between the ecosystem CO_2 emission fluxes and the soil temperature of 5 cm depth in the three typical sampling sites.Whereas,there was an obvious negative correlation between the ecosystem CO_2 emission flux and the water level in the 1990 s drained marsh.In addition,the ecosystem CH_4 emission flux in the natural marsh was notably positively correlated with the soil temperatures at 5,20 and 45 cm depth.However,the ecosystem CH_4 emission flux in the 1970 s drained marsh was remarkably negatively correlated with the soil temperatures at 20 and 45 cm depth.Meanwhile,we also found that there was a significant positive relation between the ecosystem CH_4 emission flux in the 1990 s drained marsh and the water level.This research suggested that the marsh drainage could significantly increase the ecosystem C emission flux from the soil into the atmosphere in the Zoige Plateau Marsh,subsequently decrease the soil C sink function,and further enhance the regional climate warming.
引文
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[20]游宇驰,李志威,陈敏建.若尔盖高原日干乔大沼泽中人工沟渠分布与其排水量估算[J].湿地科学,2018,16(2):223-230.You Y C,Li Z W,Chen M J.Distribution of man-made ditches and their displacement estimation in Riganqiao peat bog,ZoigêPlateau[J].Wetland Science,2018,16(2):223-230.
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[22]Chen H,Yao S,Wu N,et al.Determinants influencing seasonal variations of methane emissions from alpine wetlands in Zoige Plateau and their implications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113:D12303,doi:10.1029/2006JD008072.
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[24]周文昌,崔丽娟,王义飞,等.若尔盖高原湿地不同微地貌区甲烷排放通量特征[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(9):902-911.Zhou W C,Cui L J,Wang Y F,et al.Characteristics of methane emission fluxes in the ZoigêPlateau wetland on microtopography[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40(9):902-911.
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[26]Ding W X,Cai Z C,Wang D X.Preliminary budget of methane emissions from natural wetlands in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(5):751-759.
[27]Mcewing K R,Fisher J P,Zona D.Environmental and vegetation controls on the spatial variability of CH4 emission from wet-sedge and tussock tundra ecosystems in the Arctic[J].Plant&Soil,2015,388(1/2):53-54.
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