土地混合利用测度研究进展
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摘要
研究目的:系统梳理土地混合利用测度的国内外研究成果,探讨未来研究的重点方向,推进土地混合利用从定性向定性与定量的综合发展。研究方法:文献研究法,归纳分析法。按照"内涵辨析—维度依据—方法指标—结果评价"的逻辑进行梳理。研究结果:(1)国内外尚未形成统一的混合内涵体系;(2)测度基于数量规模、空间结构、功能关系、多维综合4种维度展开,以数量或结构的单一维度为主,对功能关系探讨不足且缺乏综合视角;(3)香农熵等多样性相关指标是最常用的测度方法,说明目前研究较易忽视土地用途间的结构配置、功能互补等问题;(4)测度结果注重空间评价,信效度等数理分析欠缺。研究结论:未来应尝试探索系统综合的测度体系,可基于现有测度研究强化或推进平面立体综合测度、混合评价研究、时空地理规律及其影响机理探寻等方面的探索。
The purpose of this paper is to systematically sort out the research results of mixed land use measurement,to discuss the key directions of future research, and to promote the transformation of mixed land use from qualitative to comprehensive development. The methods of literature review and inductive analysis are employed. This paper reviews the main research progress of mixed land use measurement by the logic of "connotation clarification-measurement dimension-method index-result evaluation". The results show that: 1)there is no unified mixed connotation system;2)there are four dimensions of mixed land use measurement, namely, quantitative scale,; spatial structure, functional relationship and multi-dimensional comprehensive measure, whereas the existing measurement methods lack comprehensive perspective; 3)the diversity related indexes, such as entropy Index is the most commonly used, suggesting that current studies tend to ignore structural allocation and functional complementarity; 4)the measurement results pay attention to spatial expression, lacking the research for reliability and validity analysis. In the future, the innovative and comprehensive measurement system should be explored. Furthermore, the following research should be strengthened or promoted, including comprehensive measurement, evaluation research, geographical regularity and its effect mechanism and so on.
The purpose of this paper is to systematically sort out the research results of mixed land use measurement,to discuss the key directions of future research, and to promote the transformation of mixed land use from qualitative to comprehensive development. The methods of literature review and inductive analysis are employed. This paper reviews the main research progress of mixed land use measurement by the logic of "connotation clarification-measurement dimension-method index-result evaluation". The results show that: 1)there is no unified mixed connotation system;2)there are four dimensions of mixed land use measurement, namely, quantitative scale,; spatial structure, functional relationship and multi-dimensional comprehensive measure, whereas the existing measurement methods lack comprehensive perspective; 3)the diversity related indexes, such as entropy Index is the most commonly used, suggesting that current studies tend to ignore structural allocation and functional complementarity; 4)the measurement results pay attention to spatial expression, lacking the research for reliability and validity analysis. In the future, the innovative and comprehensive measurement system should be explored. Furthermore, the following research should be strengthened or promoted, including comprehensive measurement, evaluation research, geographical regularity and its effect mechanism and so on.
引文
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(1)2016年上海市发布《上海市控制性详细规划技术准则(2016年修订版)》提出了用地混合引导表;2018年《上海市城市总体规划(2017—2035年)》鼓励工业用地的功能置换和混合使用等。
(2)2017年深圳市修订的《深圳市城市规划标准与准则》鼓励土地混合使用,将其作为基础标准并明确土地用途混合使用指引。
(1)混杂代表“不兼容”,即混杂程度越大,越不兼容,与本研究“混合”虽同使用“mixed”,但内涵表述相异,一般认为越兼容越混合,反之也成立。
[2]海道清信.紧凑型城市的规划与设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:149-244.
[3]加勒特·哈丁.生活在极限之内:生态学经济学和人口禁忌[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2001:7-22.
[4]黄亚平.城市空间理论与空间分析[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002:57-173.
[5]玛丽娜·阿尔贝蒂.城市生态学新发展:城市生态系统中人类与生态过程的一体化整合[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2016:80-213.
[6]朱晓青.混合功能人居:“产住共同体”聚落的演进、机理与建构[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:13-42.
[7]范文莉.当代城市空间发展的前瞻性理论与设计:城市要素有机结合的城市设计[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2011:3-59.
[8]ROWLEY A.Mixed-use development:ambiguous concept,simplistic analysis and wishful thinking?[J].Planning Practice&Research,1996,11(1):85-98.
[9]HOPPENBROUWER E,LOUW E.Mixed-use development:theory and practice in Amsterdam’s Eastern Docklands[J].European Planning Studies,2005,13(7):967-983.
[10]SCHWANKE D.Mixed-use development handbook[M].London:Urban Land Inst,2003.
[11]NIEMIRA M P.The concept and drivers of mixed-use development:insights from a cross-organizational membership survey[J].Research Review,2007,4(1):53-56.
[12]JACOBS J.The death and life of great American cities the failure of town planning[M].London:Pimlico,1961:100-135.
[13]HANDY S L,BOARNET M G,EWING R,et.al.How the built environment affects physical activity:views from urban planning[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2002,23(2 Suppl):64-73.
[14]ANGOTTI T,HANHARDT E.Problems and prospects for healthy mixed-use communities in New York City[J].Planning Practice and Research,2001,16(2):145-154.
[15]SCHWANKE D,SMART E,KESSLER H J.Looking at MXD’s[J].Urban Land,1986,45:12-20.
[16]GRANT J.Mixed use in theory and practice:Canadian experience with implementing a planning principle[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2002,68(1):71-84.
[17]黄毅.城市混合功能建设研究--以上海为例[D].上海:同济大学,2008:421.
[18]鲍其隽,姜耀明.城市中央商务区的混合使用与开发[J].城市问题,2007(9):52-56.
[19]黄鹭新.香港特区的混合用途与法定规划[J].国外城市规划,2002(6):49-52.
[20]VORONTSOVA A V,VORONTSOVA V L,SALIMGAREEVD V.The development of urban areas and spaces with the mixed functional use[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,150:1996-2000.
[21]许思扬,陈振光.混合功能发展概念解读与分类探讨[J].规划师,2012,28(7):105-109.
[22]黄毅.上海城市混合功能开发的机遇与挑战[J].城市问题,2008(3):35-37.
[23]文雯.阿姆斯特丹混合使用开发的规划实践[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(4):105-109.
[24]郑红玉,吴次芳,郑盛,等.空间一致性视角下的城市紧凑发展与土地混合利用研究--以上海市为例[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(4):35-42.
[25]邢琰.规划单元开发中的土地混合使用规律及对中国建设的启示[D].北京:清华大学,2005:6-8.
[26]郑红玉,吴次芳,沈孝强.土地混合利用研究评述及框架体系构建[J].经济地理,2018,38(3):157-164.
[27]POPOVEC J D.Chains gang[J].Retail Traffic,2006,3(10):253-256.
[28]LAGENDIJK A.Regional learning between variation and convergence:the concept of‘Mixed Land-Use’in regional spatial planning in The Netherlands[J].Canadian Journal of Regional Science,2001,24:81-100.
[29]SONG Y,MERLIN L,RODRIGUEZ D.Comparing measures of urban land use mix[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2013,42:1-13.
[30]BORDOLOI R,MOTE A,SARKAR P P,et al.Quantification of land use diversity in the context of mixed land use[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,104:563-572.
[31]EWING R,CERVERO R.Travel and the built environment:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of the American planning association,2010,76(3):265-294.
[32]LESLIE E,COFFEE N,FRANK L,et al.Walkability of local communities:using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes[J].Health&place,2007,13(1):111-122.
[33]ABDULLAHI S,PRADHAN B.GIS-based modeling for the spatial measurement and evaluation of mixed land use development for a compact city[J].GIScience&Remote Sensing,2015,52(1):18-39.
[34]陈亮全.台北市土地混合使用适宜尺度之研究[R].台北:台北市政府工务局都市计划处委托国立台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所研究报告,1989:1-10.
[35]SAELENS B E,SALLIS J F,FRANK L D.Environmental correlates of walking and cycling:findings from the transportation,urban design,and planning literatures[J].Annals of Behavioral Medicine A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine,2003,25(2):80-91.
[36]MANAUGH K,KREIDER T.What is mixed use?Presenting an interaction method for measuring land use mix[J].Journal of Transport&Land Use,2013,6(1):63-72.
[37]TALEAI M,SHARIFI A,SLIUZAS R,et.al.Evaluating the compatibility of multi-functional and intensive urban land uses[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2007,9(4):375-391.
[38]BURTON E.Measuring urban compactness in UK towns and cities[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2002,29:219-250.
[39]BOARNET M G,SARMIENTO S.Can land-use policy really affect travel behaviour?A study of the link between nonwork travel and land-use characteristics[J].Urban Studies,1998,35(7):1155-1169.
[40]CRANE R,CREPEAU R.Does neighborhood design influence travel?:a behavioral analysis of travel diary and GIS data[J].Transportation Research,1998,3(4):225-238.
[41]BOADEN B G.Choosing the optimal land use mix:a LP/DCFModel[J].Urban Studies,1977,2(14):207-210.
[42]HOEK J W.The MXI(Mixed-use Index):an instrument for anti-sprawl policy?[C]//44th ISOCARP Congress,2008:1-12.
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(1)2016年上海市发布《上海市控制性详细规划技术准则(2016年修订版)》提出了用地混合引导表;2018年《上海市城市总体规划(2017—2035年)》鼓励工业用地的功能置换和混合使用等。
(2)2017年深圳市修订的《深圳市城市规划标准与准则》鼓励土地混合使用,将其作为基础标准并明确土地用途混合使用指引。
(1)混杂代表“不兼容”,即混杂程度越大,越不兼容,与本研究“混合”虽同使用“mixed”,但内涵表述相异,一般认为越兼容越混合,反之也成立。
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