北京园林绿地29种树木3种重金属含量的比较
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摘要
为了解园林树木对环境中重金属的富集能力,进而筛选出富集能力强的树种,以北京市陶然亭公园、中科院北京植物园、紫竹院公园为样地,采用ICP光谱仪测定了29种园林树木叶片和一年生枝条中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu的含量,对叶片和一年生枝条中重金属含量进行了相关性分析,并对园林树木富集3种重金属的综合能力进行了评价。结果显示:1)不同树种Cd、Pb、Cu的含量有显著差异;29种园林树木叶片和一年生枝条中Cd总含量为0.101 7～0.262 6 mg/kg,Pb总含量为11.260 6～40.572 1 mg/kg,Cu总含量为6.1819～26.265 1 mg/kg。2)采用系统聚类法,将29种园林树木对不同重金属含量分级归类,其中白扦和杜仲的Cd含量较高,砂地柏最低;白皮松和白扦的Pb含量较高,梓树最低;金银木和白扦的Cu含量较高,砂地柏最低。3)树木不同器官中重金属含量也不同,叶片与枝条中Cd含量有一定显著相关性,系数为0.316(P<0.01),Pb与Cu含量无显著相关性。4)采用隶属函数法对绿地中29种园林树木叶片和一年生枝条中Cd、Pb、Cu综合富集能力进行评价,发现白扦、金银木、贴梗海棠、太平花和暴马丁香综合富集能力较强。本研究以园林绿地成年园林树木为对象,对秋冬可凋落的叶片和可修剪的一年生枝条中重金属含量进行比较,对北京城市生态建设中的树种选择具有指导意义。
The purpose of this article was to understand the enrichment ability of ornamental trees to heavy metals in the environment and screen out the tree species with strong enrichment ability. The samples were from Beijing Taoranting Park, Beijing Botanical Garden, Purple Bamboo Park. The ICP spectrometer was adopted to determine the contents of heavy metals from autumn leaves and annual branches of 29 trees. The correlation between heavy metal contents in leaves and annual branches was analyzed. The comprehensive absorptive capacity in three heavy metals of 29 ornamental trees was compared. The results show that: 1) the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu in different species are significant differences, the content of Cd in leaves and annual branches from 29 garden trees ranged from 0.101 7 to 0.262 6 mg/kg, Pb ranged from11.260 6 to 40.572 1 mg/kg, Cu ranged from 6.181 9 to 26.265 1 mg/kg; 2) 29 kinds of trees' different heavy metals were classified by cluster analysis, the Cd content of Picea meyeri and Eucommia ulmoides was higher, Sabina vulgaris was lowest, Pb content of Picea meyeri and Pinus bungeana was higher, Catalpa ovata was lowest, and Cu content of Picea meyeri and Lonicera maackii was higher, Sabina vulgaris was the lowest; 3) the contents of heavy metals from different organs of trees were different. There was a significant correlation between Cd content in leaves and branches, and the coefficient was 0.316(P < 0.01), and there was no significant correlation between Pb, Cu content in leaves and branches; 4) the comprehensive enrichment ability of Cd, Pb and Cu in leaves and annual branches of 29 kinds of trees was evaluated by membership function method. The species with strong comprehensive absorbability to three heavy metals are Picea meyeri, Lonicera maackii, Chaenomeles speciosa, Philadelphus pekinensis and Syringa reticulata var. amurensis. In this study, the contents of heavy metals in autumn withered leaves and pruning annual branches of adult garden trees were compared, which has guiding significance for tree species selection in urban ecological construction in Beijing.
The purpose of this article was to understand the enrichment ability of ornamental trees to heavy metals in the environment and screen out the tree species with strong enrichment ability. The samples were from Beijing Taoranting Park, Beijing Botanical Garden, Purple Bamboo Park. The ICP spectrometer was adopted to determine the contents of heavy metals from autumn leaves and annual branches of 29 trees. The correlation between heavy metal contents in leaves and annual branches was analyzed. The comprehensive absorptive capacity in three heavy metals of 29 ornamental trees was compared. The results show that: 1) the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu in different species are significant differences, the content of Cd in leaves and annual branches from 29 garden trees ranged from 0.101 7 to 0.262 6 mg/kg, Pb ranged from11.260 6 to 40.572 1 mg/kg, Cu ranged from 6.181 9 to 26.265 1 mg/kg; 2) 29 kinds of trees' different heavy metals were classified by cluster analysis, the Cd content of Picea meyeri and Eucommia ulmoides was higher, Sabina vulgaris was lowest, Pb content of Picea meyeri and Pinus bungeana was higher, Catalpa ovata was lowest, and Cu content of Picea meyeri and Lonicera maackii was higher, Sabina vulgaris was the lowest; 3) the contents of heavy metals from different organs of trees were different. There was a significant correlation between Cd content in leaves and branches, and the coefficient was 0.316(P < 0.01), and there was no significant correlation between Pb, Cu content in leaves and branches; 4) the comprehensive enrichment ability of Cd, Pb and Cu in leaves and annual branches of 29 kinds of trees was evaluated by membership function method. The species with strong comprehensive absorbability to three heavy metals are Picea meyeri, Lonicera maackii, Chaenomeles speciosa, Philadelphus pekinensis and Syringa reticulata var. amurensis. In this study, the contents of heavy metals in autumn withered leaves and pruning annual branches of adult garden trees were compared, which has guiding significance for tree species selection in urban ecological construction in Beijing.
引文
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[21]王爱霞.南京市空气重金属污染的藓类和树木监测[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.
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[23]李少宁,田少强,赵云阁,等.北京七种常见经济林吸滞重金属的特征[J].北方园艺,2017(1):75-82.
[24]王爱霞,张敏,方炎明,等.行道树对重金属污染的响应及其功能型分组[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(2):177-183.
[25]刘维涛,张银龙,陈喆敏,等.矿区绿化树木对镉和锌的吸收与分布[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):752-756.
[26]王晓娟,王文斌,杨龙,等.重金属镉(Cd)在植物体内的转运途径及其调控机制[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7921-7929.
[2]吴秀丽,陈锁忠,钱谊.基于GIS的大气污染应急监测方案自动生成研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(18):9709-9711.
[3]陈同斌,雷梅,杨军,等.关于重金属污染土壤风险控制区划的研究与建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):321-326.
[4]袁庆虹,何作顺.重金属迁移及其对农作物影响的研究进展[J].职业与健康,2009,25(24):2808-2810.
[5]康莲薇.常见重金属在土壤中的含量及存在方式的研究[J].河北化工,2004(5):41-42.
[6]左仲善,郭幸丽,孙超,等.空气不同粒径颗粒物中重金属分布特征及其影响因素分析[J].科技通报,2017,33(12):270-273.
[7]黄芸,袁洪,黄志军,等.环境重金属暴露对人群健康危害研究进展[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(8):1113-1116.
[8]陈潇霖,杨丹,胡迪青,等.北京土壤重金属分布及评价--以五环以内为例[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(增刊):78-81.
[9]张娟,王艳春,田宇.北京市属公园土壤重金属分布及风险评价[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(6):161-164.
[10]陶俊,张仁健,段菁春,等.北京城区PM(2.5)中致癌重金属季节变化特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):411-417.
[11]郝瑞芝,余洋,武佳叶,等.树木对重金属的抗性机理研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):6-12.
[12]吕小王.植物对土壤中重金属的吸收效应研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.
[13]许立志,庞胜群,刁明,等.隶属函数法评价不同加工番茄品种耐盐性[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(5):833-842.
[14]苏国兴,洪法水.桑品种耐盐性的隶属函数法之评价[J].江苏农业学报,2002(1):42-47.
[15]王旭旭,黄鑫浩,胡丰姣,等.4种木本植物对重金属铅、锌的积累及叶片养分含量特征研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(6):115-122.
[16]李少宁,刘斌,鲁笑颖,等.北京常见绿化树种叶表面形态与PM(2.5)吸滞能力关系[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(10):62-68.
[17]WANG Y B,YAN A,DAI J,et al.Accumulation and tolerance characteristics of cadmium in Chlorophytum comosum:a popolar ornamental plant and potential Cd hyperaccumulator[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(2):929-937.
[18]庞静.北京耐土壤重金属污染城市绿化植物的筛选与评价[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[19]鲁绍伟,高琛,杨新兵,等.北京市不同污染区主要绿化树种对土壤重金属的富集能力[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(5):22-26.
[20]王爱霞,方炎明.杭州市六种常见绿化树种叶片累积空气重金属特征及与环境因子的相关性[J].广西植物,2017,37(4):470-477.
[21]王爱霞.南京市空气重金属污染的藓类和树木监测[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.
[22]魏丽婧.延安城市绿化树种对大气重金属污染物吸存能力研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[23]李少宁,田少强,赵云阁,等.北京七种常见经济林吸滞重金属的特征[J].北方园艺,2017(1):75-82.
[24]王爱霞,张敏,方炎明,等.行道树对重金属污染的响应及其功能型分组[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(2):177-183.
[25]刘维涛,张银龙,陈喆敏,等.矿区绿化树木对镉和锌的吸收与分布[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):752-756.
[26]王晓娟,王文斌,杨龙,等.重金属镉(Cd)在植物体内的转运途径及其调控机制[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7921-7929.
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