喀斯特地区平水期水质污染综合分析——以贵州省白云岩喀斯特世界自然遗产地为例
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摘要
[目的]对贵州省施秉县的白云岩喀斯特遗产地的河流水质污染状况进行分析,以期掌握遗产地水质污染原因,更好地保护白云岩喀斯特遗产地的河流与环境。[方法]于2017年10月和2018年4月对遗产地境内黄洲河流域的8个代表性样点进行采样,对TP,TN,NH_3-N,COD_(Mn),DO,Chl-a等指标进行测定与分析,并运用单因素评价法、均值型指数综合评价法以及多元统计分析法分析评价。[结果]①遗产地缓冲区水质总体符合国家地表水Ⅲ类水标准,核心区水质部分不满足国家Ⅰ类水标准,主要污染物为总氮。②黄洲河流域春、秋季平水期水质状况相差不大,总体秋季较好,水体有较强的自净能力。③主要污染源为生活污水、固体垃圾以及农业面源污染。[结论]对施秉白云岩喀斯特遗产地进行环境保护和流域水质综合管理时应注意减少氮、磷肥料的长期大量使用,防止生活污水、生活垃圾的随意排放与丢弃。
[Objective] Water quality pollution of the karst heritage site in Shibing County, Guizhou Province was studied in order to understand the causes of water pollution and to protect the river and environment of the karst heritage site. [Methods] In October 2017 and April 2018, the Huangzhou River basin in the heritage site sampling 8 representative samples of TP, TN, NH_3-N, CODMn,DO, Chl-a and other indicators for the determination and analysis, and the use of single-factor evaluation method, The mean-value index comprehensive evaluation method and multivariate statistical analysis method were used. [Results] ① Heritage site buffer overall water quality meet the national surface water class Ⅲ of the water standard, the core part water quality does not meet the national class Ⅰ water standard, main pollutants for total nitrogen. ② The water quality of the Huangzhou River basin in spring and autumn has little difference, and the water quality is better in autumn as a whole, and the water body has a strong self-purification capacity. ③ The main pollution sources are domestic sewage, solid waste and agricultural surface source pollution. [Conclusion] The environmental protection and comprehensive management of watershed water quality in Shibing dolomite karst heritage site should be paid attention to, which are to reduce the long-term use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, to prevent the free discharge and discard of domestic sewage and domestic waste.
[Objective] Water quality pollution of the karst heritage site in Shibing County, Guizhou Province was studied in order to understand the causes of water pollution and to protect the river and environment of the karst heritage site. [Methods] In October 2017 and April 2018, the Huangzhou River basin in the heritage site sampling 8 representative samples of TP, TN, NH_3-N, CODMn,DO, Chl-a and other indicators for the determination and analysis, and the use of single-factor evaluation method, The mean-value index comprehensive evaluation method and multivariate statistical analysis method were used. [Results] ① Heritage site buffer overall water quality meet the national surface water class Ⅲ of the water standard, the core part water quality does not meet the national class Ⅰ water standard, main pollutants for total nitrogen. ② The water quality of the Huangzhou River basin in spring and autumn has little difference, and the water quality is better in autumn as a whole, and the water body has a strong self-purification capacity. ③ The main pollution sources are domestic sewage, solid waste and agricultural surface source pollution. [Conclusion] The environmental protection and comprehensive management of watershed water quality in Shibing dolomite karst heritage site should be paid attention to, which are to reduce the long-term use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, to prevent the free discharge and discard of domestic sewage and domestic waste.
引文
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[20] 刘双爽,陈诗越,姚敏,等.天津地区团泊洼水库和七里海沼泽水质研究[J].湿地科学,2014,12(2):257-262.
[21] 于东升,袁宏林,王倩,等.太湖西岸水体污染物时空分布及解析[J].环境工程,2016,34(9):61-65.
[22] Ogwueleka T C.Use of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of temporal and spatial variations in water quality of the Kaduna River,Nigeria[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(3):137.
[23] 陈品冬,肖时珍,田秋冬.世界自然遗产地施秉白云岩喀斯特地貌特征及地质意义研究[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2016,38(2),122-126.
[24] 李高聪,熊康宁,肖时珍.施秉喀斯特地貌世界遗产价值研究[J].热带地理,2013,33(5):562-569.
[25] 顾秉谦,周明忠,肖世珍,等.贵州施秉世界自然遗产地喀斯特地貌的地质控制研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(10):132-138.
[26] 李世奇,熊康宁,苏孝良,等.世界自然遗产提名地施秉喀斯特地貌及其演化[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(3):12-17.
[27] 贵州师范大学,贵州省地理学会.中国南方喀斯特(第二期)保护管理规划[M].贵州贵阳:贵州省地理学会,2013.
[28] 国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:210-284.
[29] 彭文启,张祥伟.现代水环境质量评价理论和方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:32-39.
[30] 贺克雕.滇池水质状况综合评价及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2012,43(12):37-41.
[2] 宋同清,王克林,曾馥平,等.西南喀斯特植物与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-12.
[3] 李阳兵,侯建筠,谢德体.中国西南岩溶生态研究进展[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):365-370.
[4] 陈品冬,肖时珍,田秋冬.世界自然遗产地施秉白云岩喀斯特地貌特征及地质意义研究[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2016,38(2):122-126.
[5] United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization.World HeritafeWHC-14·38.COM·8 B [EB/OL]http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-8B-Add-en.pdf,2014-05-06.
[6] 胡锋,安裕伦,许璟.“亚喀斯特”概念与景观特征的初步探讨:以贵州为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(8):1569-1580.
[7] 喻理飞.人为干扰与喀斯特森林群落退化及评价研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):529-532.
[8] 戴全厚,严友进.西南喀斯特石漠化与水土流失研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):1-10.
[9] 贾亚男,刁承泰,袁道先.土地利用对埋藏型岩溶区岩溶水质的影响:以涪陵丛林岩溶槽谷区为例[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):455-461.
[10] Zemeckis R,Lazauskas S,Gorton M.The Europeanisation of agri-environmental policy:A case study of water quality in the Lithuanian karst zone[J].Land Use Policy,2005,22(3):255-264.
[11] 段超宇,张生,孙标,等.呼伦湖夏季与冬季水质变化研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(4):64-69.
[12] 于玲红,王晓云,李卫平,等.包头市南海湿地水质现状分析与评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):390-396.
[13] 杨超杰,贺斌,段伟利,等.太湖典型丘陵水源地水质时空变化及影响因素分析:以平桥河流域为例[J].长江流域资源域环境,2017,26(2):273-281.
[14] 刘新,许梦文,赵珍,等.鄱阳湖蝶形湖泊水体氮磷等的变化及污染初步评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1189-1198.
[15] 者萌,张雪琴,孙瑞,等.西藏羊卓雍错流域水体水质评价及主要污染因子[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(2):287-294.
[16] 张亚丽,周扬,程真,等.不同水质评价方法在丹江口流域水质评价中应用比较[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):58-61.
[17] 刘晓娟,张玉斌,王煜明,等.甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区高寒湿地水环境质量调查与评价[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(2):160-165.
[18] 施练东,竺维佳,胡菊香,等.汤浦水库及入库支流水质时空变化特征与影响因素分析[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):9-15.
[19] 杨斌,方怀义,许丽莉,等.钦州湾水质污染时空变化特征及驱动因素[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(6):877-883.
[20] 刘双爽,陈诗越,姚敏,等.天津地区团泊洼水库和七里海沼泽水质研究[J].湿地科学,2014,12(2):257-262.
[21] 于东升,袁宏林,王倩,等.太湖西岸水体污染物时空分布及解析[J].环境工程,2016,34(9):61-65.
[22] Ogwueleka T C.Use of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of temporal and spatial variations in water quality of the Kaduna River,Nigeria[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(3):137.
[23] 陈品冬,肖时珍,田秋冬.世界自然遗产地施秉白云岩喀斯特地貌特征及地质意义研究[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2016,38(2),122-126.
[24] 李高聪,熊康宁,肖时珍.施秉喀斯特地貌世界遗产价值研究[J].热带地理,2013,33(5):562-569.
[25] 顾秉谦,周明忠,肖世珍,等.贵州施秉世界自然遗产地喀斯特地貌的地质控制研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(10):132-138.
[26] 李世奇,熊康宁,苏孝良,等.世界自然遗产提名地施秉喀斯特地貌及其演化[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(3):12-17.
[27] 贵州师范大学,贵州省地理学会.中国南方喀斯特(第二期)保护管理规划[M].贵州贵阳:贵州省地理学会,2013.
[28] 国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:210-284.
[29] 彭文启,张祥伟.现代水环境质量评价理论和方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:32-39.
[30] 贺克雕.滇池水质状况综合评价及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2012,43(12):37-41.
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