1998—2017年温榆河流域水质变化特征
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摘要
分析1998—2017年间水质手工监测结果可知,温榆河水质变化大致分为4个阶段:水质恶化-水质改善-水质稳定-水质进一步改善,最后一个阶段,污染凸显以氨氮为主。通过空间分析,温榆河上段化学需氧量主要受南沙河影响,氨氮受北沙河及南沙河影响均较大;下段氨氮主要受清河下段及坝河下段影响,而化学需氧量则受温榆河上段、清河下段、坝河下段3条河段影响。污水处理厂的建成运行、污水处理率的提高,使温榆河整体水质第一次改善,部分直排污水及污水处理厂排水标准宽松,阻碍水质进一步改善。河道清淤,加强污水收集及管网建设,以及污水处理厂提高出水标准后,温榆河水质出现第二次改善,但仍然为劣Ⅴ类。自动站雨季监测发现,非点源污染的影响不可忽略。
Based on manual monitoring data of the Wenyu River during 1998-2017,the water quality changes in the Wenyu River can be roughly divided into four stages:water quality deterioration-water quality improvement-water quality stability-water quality was further improved. In the final stage, the pollution was dominated by ammonia nitrogen. Through spatial analysis. The concentration of COD_(Cr) in the upstream of the Wenyu River was significantly affected by the Nansha River and ammonia nitrogen was affected by both the Beisha River and the Nansha River. For the downstream of the Wenyu River, ammonia nitrogen was affected by downstream of the Qinghe River and downstream of the Bahe River, COD_(Cr) was affected by three river sections:upstream of the Wenyu River, downstream of the Qinghe River and downstream of the Bahe River. The whole water quality in the Wenyu River was firstly improved by the completion of the sewage treatment plant and the improvement of the sewage treatment rate. But the further improvement of the water quality was prevented by the direct discharge of sewage and the drainage standards failing to meet the national surface water standard of China. Water quality was improved for the second time by river dredging, sewage collection, the construction of pipe network and the drainage standards improved. In spite of this, it was still worse than grade V in national surface water standard. Automatic monitoring in rainy season found that impact of nonpoint source should not be ingored.
Based on manual monitoring data of the Wenyu River during 1998-2017,the water quality changes in the Wenyu River can be roughly divided into four stages:water quality deterioration-water quality improvement-water quality stability-water quality was further improved. In the final stage, the pollution was dominated by ammonia nitrogen. Through spatial analysis. The concentration of COD_(Cr) in the upstream of the Wenyu River was significantly affected by the Nansha River and ammonia nitrogen was affected by both the Beisha River and the Nansha River. For the downstream of the Wenyu River, ammonia nitrogen was affected by downstream of the Qinghe River and downstream of the Bahe River, COD_(Cr) was affected by three river sections:upstream of the Wenyu River, downstream of the Qinghe River and downstream of the Bahe River. The whole water quality in the Wenyu River was firstly improved by the completion of the sewage treatment plant and the improvement of the sewage treatment rate. But the further improvement of the water quality was prevented by the direct discharge of sewage and the drainage standards failing to meet the national surface water standard of China. Water quality was improved for the second time by river dredging, sewage collection, the construction of pipe network and the drainage standards improved. In spite of this, it was still worse than grade V in national surface water standard. Automatic monitoring in rainy season found that impact of nonpoint source should not be ingored.
引文
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[8] 张健伟,孙卫玲,邵军,等.温榆河中硝化和反硝化基因的Real-Time PCR 定量[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(1):64-71.ZHANG Jianwei,SUN Weiling,SHAO Jun,et al.Quantitative Analysis of Nitrifier and Denitrifier in Water and Sediment of the Wenyu River Using Real-Time PCR[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(1):64-71.
[9] 杨勇,魏源送,郑祥,等.北京温榆河流域微生物污染调查研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):9-18.YANG Yong,WEI Yuansong,ZHENG Xiang,et al.Investigation of Microbial Contamination in Wenyu River of Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Cirumstantiae,2012,32(1):9-18.
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[11] 荣楠,单保庆,张洪,等.海河流域平原河流非常规水源补给特性及其成因分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):483-490.RONG Nan,SHAN Baoqing,ZHANG Hong,et al.Characteristics and Causes Analysis of Unconventional Water Resources Supply for Plain Rivers in the Haihe River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):483-490.
[12] 张永勇,陈军锋,夏军,等.温榆河流域闸坝群对河流水量水质影响分析[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(10):1 697-1 705.ZHANG Yongyong,CHEN Junfeng,XIA Jun,et al.Research on the Impact of Damsand Flood Gates on Riverine Runoff and Water Quality in Wenyu River Basi[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24(10):1 697-1 705.
[13] 郁达伟,于淼,魏源送,等.1980—2010年温榆河的水环境质量时空演变特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2 803-2 813.YU Dawei,YU Miao,WEI Yuansong,et al.Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Water Environment Quality in Wenyu River During 1980-2010[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2 803-2 813.
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[16] 北京市统计局.北京统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2002—2016.
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[19] 杜静.潘安君检查清河再生水厂二期工程[EB/OL].(2010-01-12)[2018-05-02].http://www.bjwater.gov.cn/bjwater/300795/300801/300806/318 722/index.html.
[20] 郭婧,荆红卫,李金香,等.北运河系地表水近10年来水质变化及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1 511-1 518.GUO Jing,JING Hongwei,LI Jinxiang,et al.Surface Water Quality of Beiyun Rivers Basin and the Analysis of Acting Factors for the Recent Ten Years[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(5):1 511-1 518.
[21] 昌平区环保局.昌平区入河排污口调查及污染溯源报告[R].北京:昌平区环境保护局,2017.
[22] 王亚炜,杜向群,郁达伟,等.温榆河氨氮污染控制措施的效果模拟[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):479-486.WANG Yawei,DU Xiangqun,YU Dawei,et al.Assessment of Ammonia Nitrogen Pollution Control in Wenyu River by QUAL2K Simulation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):479-486.
[23] 陈晨,王曼娜,王江权,等.基于指示菌的温榆河微生物健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):3 177-3 184.CHEN Chen,WANG Manna,WANG Jiangquan,et al.Health Risk Assessment Based on Indicator Microorganisms in Wenyu River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(8):3 177-3 184.
[24] 荆红卫,华蕾,郭婧,等.北京市水环境非点源污染监测与负荷估算研究[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):106-111.JING Hongwei,HUA Lei,GUO Jing,et al.Non-point Source Pollution Monitoring and Its Loads Estimation Study on Surface Water Environment in Beijing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(6):106-111.
[2] 杨丽蓉,孙然好,陈利顶.流域地表水体污染过程的时空差异及其影响机制分析:以温榆河中上游地区为例[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):73-79.YANG Lirong,SUN Ranhao,CHEN Liding.Analysis of Seasonal Variations of Surface Water Quality in the Middle and Upper Reaches of Wenyu River[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):73-79.
[3] 王志英,刘云,王建立,等.温榆河昌平段沉积物重金属影响因素分析及污染评价[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(8):838-843.WANG Zhiying,LIU Yun,WANG Jianli,et al.Factor Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Sediment in Changping Section of the Wenyu River and Their Pollution Assessment[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(8):838-843.
[4] 雷炳莉,黄圣彪,王东红,等.温榆河沉积物中6 种雌激素的存在状况[J].环境科学,2008,29(8):2 419-2 424.LEI Bingli,HUANG Shengbiao,WANG Donghong,et al.Present State of Six Estrogens in the Sediment of Wenyu River[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(8):2 419-2 424.
[5] 周振霞,徐长贵,李伟阳,等.温榆河流域昌平段水污染现状与问题分析[J].北京水务,2015(4):9-12.ZHOU Zhenxia,XU Changgui,LI Weiyang,et al.Analysis on Current Situation and Problems of Water Pollution in Changping Section of Wenyu River Basin[J].Beijing Water,2015(4):9-12.
[6] 尤洋,许志兰,王培京,等.温榆河生态河流健康评价研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(3):19-24.YOU Yang,XU Zhilan,WANG Peijing,et al.Study on the Health Assessment of Ecotype River in Wenyuhe River[J].Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering,2009,20(3):19-24.
[7] 杜晓丽,曲久辉,刘会娟,等.温榆河水体中重金属含量分布及赋存状态解析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):37-42.DU Xiaoli,QU Jiuhui,LIU Huijuan,et al.Distributions of Tracemetals in the Surface Water in Wenyu River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(1):37-42.
[8] 张健伟,孙卫玲,邵军,等.温榆河中硝化和反硝化基因的Real-Time PCR 定量[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(1):64-71.ZHANG Jianwei,SUN Weiling,SHAO Jun,et al.Quantitative Analysis of Nitrifier and Denitrifier in Water and Sediment of the Wenyu River Using Real-Time PCR[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(1):64-71.
[9] 杨勇,魏源送,郑祥,等.北京温榆河流域微生物污染调查研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):9-18.YANG Yong,WEI Yuansong,ZHENG Xiang,et al.Investigation of Microbial Contamination in Wenyu River of Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Cirumstantiae,2012,32(1):9-18.
[10] 于淼,魏源送,郑祥,等.温榆河水化学特征演变及其影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):1-8.YU Miao,WEI Yuansong,ZHENG Xiang,et al.Evolution of Hydro Chemical Charateristics of Wenyu River and Its Influencing Factors[J].Acta Scientiae Cirumstantiae,2012,32(1):1-8.
[11] 荣楠,单保庆,张洪,等.海河流域平原河流非常规水源补给特性及其成因分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):483-490.RONG Nan,SHAN Baoqing,ZHANG Hong,et al.Characteristics and Causes Analysis of Unconventional Water Resources Supply for Plain Rivers in the Haihe River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):483-490.
[12] 张永勇,陈军锋,夏军,等.温榆河流域闸坝群对河流水量水质影响分析[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(10):1 697-1 705.ZHANG Yongyong,CHEN Junfeng,XIA Jun,et al.Research on the Impact of Damsand Flood Gates on Riverine Runoff and Water Quality in Wenyu River Basi[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24(10):1 697-1 705.
[13] 郁达伟,于淼,魏源送,等.1980—2010年温榆河的水环境质量时空演变特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2 803-2 813.YU Dawei,YU Miao,WEI Yuansong,et al.Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Water Environment Quality in Wenyu River During 1980-2010[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2 803-2 813.
[14] 北京市水务局.北京市水资源公报[M].北京:北京市水务局,2016.
[15] 北京市环境保护局.北京市地表水环境容量核定报告[R].北京:北京市环境保护局,2004.
[16] 北京市统计局.北京统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2002—2016.
[17] 昌平区统计局.2017年昌平区年末常住人口[EB/OL].(2018-01-26)[2018-02-26].http://www.beijing.gov.cn/zfxxgk/cpq11P017/jdsj53/2018-01/26/content_474211dcdba34bfe912b6a4c5e242968.shtml.
[18] 中国水网.北京“母亲河”温榆河危机[EB/OL].(2005-09-07)[2018-04-12].http://www.h2o-china.com/news/40319.html.
[19] 杜静.潘安君检查清河再生水厂二期工程[EB/OL].(2010-01-12)[2018-05-02].http://www.bjwater.gov.cn/bjwater/300795/300801/300806/318 722/index.html.
[20] 郭婧,荆红卫,李金香,等.北运河系地表水近10年来水质变化及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1 511-1 518.GUO Jing,JING Hongwei,LI Jinxiang,et al.Surface Water Quality of Beiyun Rivers Basin and the Analysis of Acting Factors for the Recent Ten Years[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(5):1 511-1 518.
[21] 昌平区环保局.昌平区入河排污口调查及污染溯源报告[R].北京:昌平区环境保护局,2017.
[22] 王亚炜,杜向群,郁达伟,等.温榆河氨氮污染控制措施的效果模拟[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(2):479-486.WANG Yawei,DU Xiangqun,YU Dawei,et al.Assessment of Ammonia Nitrogen Pollution Control in Wenyu River by QUAL2K Simulation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(2):479-486.
[23] 陈晨,王曼娜,王江权,等.基于指示菌的温榆河微生物健康风险评估[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):3 177-3 184.CHEN Chen,WANG Manna,WANG Jiangquan,et al.Health Risk Assessment Based on Indicator Microorganisms in Wenyu River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(8):3 177-3 184.
[24] 荆红卫,华蕾,郭婧,等.北京市水环境非点源污染监测与负荷估算研究[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(6):106-111.JING Hongwei,HUA Lei,GUO Jing,et al.Non-point Source Pollution Monitoring and Its Loads Estimation Study on Surface Water Environment in Beijing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(6):106-111.
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