西天山南坡表土花粉分析
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摘要
通过对西天山南坡不同植被带52个表土花粉样品的鉴定,研究表土花粉组合与现代植被分布的关系,分析蒿属/藜科比值(A/C)在该区域的指示意义.结果表明:山顶至山底可以划分为5个植被带,分别为高山荒漠带、高山草甸带、草甸草原带、山地荒漠带、典型荒漠带,代表性科属为蒿属、藜科、禾本科和麻黄属,该区域不同植被类型表土样品花粉组合差异明显.西天山南坡表土花粉在一定程度上受到北坡的影响,海拔越高影响越大.A/C值随海拔升高而先升高再降低,在高山草甸区域达到最高,可以作为反映山地垂直方向气候干湿变化的有效指标.由于A/C值波动较大,利用该比值进行气候环境重建时,需注意受人类活动等因素影响所产生的高值可能带来误判.
We analyzed 52 pollen samples of surface soils from the southern slope of western Tian-shan, China, to understand the relationship between the surface pollen and modern vegetation, and the significance of the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae(A/C). The results showed that there were five vegetation zones from the mountain top to the foot, i.e., alpine desert zone, alpine meadow zone, meadow and steppe zone, mountain desert zone, and typical desert zone. The typical taxa were Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Ephedra. The surface pollen assemblages greatly differed across different vegetation zones in this area. Surface pollen in the southern slope of the western Tianshan Mountains was affected by the northern slope, with the impacts increasing with the increases of altitude. The A/C increased with altitude, peaked in the alpine meadow zone, and then decreased, which could effectively indicate the vertical moisture change. Given the great fluctuation of A/C value, when using this ratio to reconstruct climate and environment, attention should be paid to the fact that high values caused by human activities and other factors may lead to misjudgments.
We analyzed 52 pollen samples of surface soils from the southern slope of western Tian-shan, China, to understand the relationship between the surface pollen and modern vegetation, and the significance of the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae(A/C). The results showed that there were five vegetation zones from the mountain top to the foot, i.e., alpine desert zone, alpine meadow zone, meadow and steppe zone, mountain desert zone, and typical desert zone. The typical taxa were Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Ephedra. The surface pollen assemblages greatly differed across different vegetation zones in this area. Surface pollen in the southern slope of the western Tianshan Mountains was affected by the northern slope, with the impacts increasing with the increases of altitude. The A/C increased with altitude, peaked in the alpine meadow zone, and then decreased, which could effectively indicate the vertical moisture change. Given the great fluctuation of A/C value, when using this ratio to reconstruct climate and environment, attention should be paid to the fact that high values caused by human activities and other factors may lead to misjudgments.
引文
[1] Yao FL,Ma CM,Zhu C,et al.Holocene climate change in the western part of TaihuLake region,East China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,485:963-973
[2] Federico DR,Fabrizio L,Sergio B,et al.Late Holo-cene forest dynamics in the Gulf of Gaeta (central Mediterranean) in relation to NAO variability and human impact.Quaternary Science Reviews,2018,179:137-152
[3] Zhang YJ,Duo L,Pang YZ,et al.Modern pollen assemblages and their relationships to vegetation and climate in the Lhasa Valley,Tibetan Plateau,China.Quaternary International,2018,467:210-221
[4] Ghosh R,Bruch A,Portmann F,et al.A modern pollen-climate dataset from the Darjeeling area,eastern Himalaya:Assessing its potential for past climate reconstruction.Quaternary Science Reviews,2017,174:63-79
[5] Zheng Z,Wei J,Huang K,et al.East Asian pollen database:Modern pollen distribution and its quantitative relationship with vegetation and climate.Journal of Biogeography,2015,41:1819-1832
[6] Xu Q,Zhang S,Gaillard MJ,et al.Studies of modern pollen assemblages for pollen dispersal- deposition- preservation process understanding and for pollen-based reconstructions of past vegetation,climate,and human impact:A review based on case studies in China.Quaternary Science Reviews,2016,149:151-166
[7] Ma QF,Zhu LP,Wang JB,et al.Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio from surface lake sediments on the central and western Tibetan Plateau and its application.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,479:138-145
[8] Zhao K-L (赵克良),Li X-Q (李小强).Modern pollen and vegetation relationships in the Yili Basin,Xinjiang,NW China.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2013,58(30):3070-3078 (in Chinese)
[9] Yan S (阎顺),Xu Y-Q (许英勤).Spore-pollen association in surface-soil in Altay,Xinjiang.Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究),1989,6(1):26-33 (in Chinese)
[10] Luo CX,Zheng Z,Tarasov P,et al.A potential of pollen-based climate reconstruction using a modern pollen-climate dataset from arid northern and western China.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,2010,160:111-125
[11] Zhao Y,Liu HY,Li FR,et al.Application and limitations of the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae pollen ration in arid and semi-arid China.The Holocene,2012,22:1385-1392
[12] Li FR,Zhao Y,Gaillard MJ,et al.Modern pollen-climate relationships in north Xinjiang,northwestern China:Implications for pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene climate.The Holocene,2017,27:951-966
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[14] Zhang H (张卉),Zhang Y (张芸),Yang Z-J (杨振京),et al.Surface pollen research of Nanshan region,Shihezi City in Xinjiang.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(20):6478-6487 (in Chinese)
[15] Wang L (王力),Zhang Y (张芸),Kong Z-C (孔昭宸),et al.Preliminary study on pollen distribution in the surface soil of the Turpan region in the sou-thern slope of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2017,41(7):779-786 (in Chinese)
[16] Yao F-L (姚付龙),Ma C-M (马春梅),Jing Y-D (敬一丹),et al.Relationship between surface pollen assemblage and the vegetation in the Sayram Lake region,Northern Xinjiang,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica (微体古生物学报),2018,35(4):423-435 (in Chinese)
[17] Wei HC,Zhao Y.Surface pollen and its relationships with modern vegetation and climate in the Tianshan Mountains,northwestern China.Vegetation History and Archaeobotany,2016,25:19-27
[18] El-Moslimany AP.Ecological significance of common nonarboreal pollen:Examples from drylands of the Middle East.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,1990,64:343-350
[19] Davies CP,Fall PL.Modern pollen precipitation from an elevational transect in central Jordan and its relationship to vegetation.Journal of Biogeography,2001,28:1195-1210
[20] Sun X-J (孙湘君),Du N-Q (杜乃秋),Weng C-Y (翁成郁),et al.Paleovegetation and paleoenvironment of Manasi Lake,Xinjiang,N.W.China during the last 14000 years.Quaternary Science (第四纪研究),1994,14(3):239-248 (in Chinese)
[21] Weng C-Y (翁成郁),Sun X-J (孙湘君),Chen Y-S (陈因硕).Numerical characteristics of pollen assemblages of surface samples from the west Kunlun Mountains.Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报),1993,35(1):69-79 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhou X (周霞),Chen D-J (陈东景).Study on vertical change features of climate in the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains.Mountain Research (山地研究),1998,16(1):47-52 (in Chinese)
[23] Hu R-J (胡汝骥).Physical geography of the Tianshan Mountains in China.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2004 (in Chinese)
[24] Hou X-Y(候学煜).Vegetation Atlas of China 1:1000000.Beijing:Science Press,2001 (in Chinese)
[25] Faegri K,Kaland PE,Krzywinski K.Text Book of Pollen Analysis.4th Ed.London:John Wiley and Sons,1989
[26] Xi Y-Z (席以珍),Ning J-C (宁建长).Pollen morphology of arid and semi-arid regions of China.Yushan Biology Sinica (玉山生物学报),1994(11):119-191 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang F-X (王伏雄),Qian N-F (钱南芬),Zhang Y-L (张玉龙),et al.Pollen Flora of China.2nd Ed.Beijing:Science Press,1995 (in Chinese)
[28] Tang L-Y (唐领余),Mao L-M (毛礼米),Shu J-W (舒军武),et al.An Illustrated Handbook of Quaternary Pollen and Spores in China.Beijing:Science Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[29] Liu H,Cui H,Pott R,et al.The surface pollen of the woodland-steppe ecotone in southeastern Inner Mongolia,China.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,1999,105:237-250
[30] Xu Q-H (许清海),Li Y-C (李月丛),Yang X-L (阳小兰),et al.Quantitive relationship between pollen and vegetation in northern China.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2007,37(2):192-205 (in Chinese)
[31] Li Y-Y (李宜垠),Zhang X-S (张新时),Zhou G-S (周广胜),et al.Quantitative relationships between several common pollen taxa and vegetation in the north of China.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2000,45(7):761-765 (in Chinese)
[32] Li Y-C (李月丛),Xu Q-H (许清海),Xiao J-L (肖举乐),et al.Indication of some major pollen taxa in surface samples to their parent plants of forest in nor-thern China.Quaternary Sciences (第四纪研究),2005,25(5):598-608 (in Chinese)
[33] Xu Q-H (许清海),Li M-Y (李曼玥),Zhang S-R (张生瑞),et al.Modern pollen processes of China:Progress and Problems.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2015,45(11):1661-1682 (in Chinese)
[34] Shang X (尚雪),Li X-Q (李小强),An Z-S (安芷生),et al.Modern pollen rain in the Lake Qinghai basin,China.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2009,39(9):1288-1296 (in Chinese)
[35] Chen C-Z (陈春珠),Huang X-Z (黄小忠),Peng W (彭卫),et al.Study of the surface sporo-pollen in the Small Yourdusi Basin on the southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryo-logy (冰川冻土),2012,34(6):1526-1534 (in Chinese)
[36] Jiang Q-F (蒋庆丰),Ji J-F (季峻峰),Shen J (沈吉),et al.Holocene vegetational and climatic variation in westerly-dominated areas of Central Asia inferred from the Sayram Lake in northern Xinjiang,China.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2013,43(2):243-255 (in Chinese)
[2] Federico DR,Fabrizio L,Sergio B,et al.Late Holo-cene forest dynamics in the Gulf of Gaeta (central Mediterranean) in relation to NAO variability and human impact.Quaternary Science Reviews,2018,179:137-152
[3] Zhang YJ,Duo L,Pang YZ,et al.Modern pollen assemblages and their relationships to vegetation and climate in the Lhasa Valley,Tibetan Plateau,China.Quaternary International,2018,467:210-221
[4] Ghosh R,Bruch A,Portmann F,et al.A modern pollen-climate dataset from the Darjeeling area,eastern Himalaya:Assessing its potential for past climate reconstruction.Quaternary Science Reviews,2017,174:63-79
[5] Zheng Z,Wei J,Huang K,et al.East Asian pollen database:Modern pollen distribution and its quantitative relationship with vegetation and climate.Journal of Biogeography,2015,41:1819-1832
[6] Xu Q,Zhang S,Gaillard MJ,et al.Studies of modern pollen assemblages for pollen dispersal- deposition- preservation process understanding and for pollen-based reconstructions of past vegetation,climate,and human impact:A review based on case studies in China.Quaternary Science Reviews,2016,149:151-166
[7] Ma QF,Zhu LP,Wang JB,et al.Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio from surface lake sediments on the central and western Tibetan Plateau and its application.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,479:138-145
[8] Zhao K-L (赵克良),Li X-Q (李小强).Modern pollen and vegetation relationships in the Yili Basin,Xinjiang,NW China.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2013,58(30):3070-3078 (in Chinese)
[9] Yan S (阎顺),Xu Y-Q (许英勤).Spore-pollen association in surface-soil in Altay,Xinjiang.Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究),1989,6(1):26-33 (in Chinese)
[10] Luo CX,Zheng Z,Tarasov P,et al.A potential of pollen-based climate reconstruction using a modern pollen-climate dataset from arid northern and western China.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,2010,160:111-125
[11] Zhao Y,Liu HY,Li FR,et al.Application and limitations of the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae pollen ration in arid and semi-arid China.The Holocene,2012,22:1385-1392
[12] Li FR,Zhao Y,Gaillard MJ,et al.Modern pollen-climate relationships in north Xinjiang,northwestern China:Implications for pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene climate.The Holocene,2017,27:951-966
[13] Yang Z,Yun Z,Ren H,et al.Altitudinal changes of surface pollen and vegetation on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains,China.Journal of Arid Land,2016,8:799-810
[14] Zhang H (张卉),Zhang Y (张芸),Yang Z-J (杨振京),et al.Surface pollen research of Nanshan region,Shihezi City in Xinjiang.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(20):6478-6487 (in Chinese)
[15] Wang L (王力),Zhang Y (张芸),Kong Z-C (孔昭宸),et al.Preliminary study on pollen distribution in the surface soil of the Turpan region in the sou-thern slope of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2017,41(7):779-786 (in Chinese)
[16] Yao F-L (姚付龙),Ma C-M (马春梅),Jing Y-D (敬一丹),et al.Relationship between surface pollen assemblage and the vegetation in the Sayram Lake region,Northern Xinjiang,China.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica (微体古生物学报),2018,35(4):423-435 (in Chinese)
[17] Wei HC,Zhao Y.Surface pollen and its relationships with modern vegetation and climate in the Tianshan Mountains,northwestern China.Vegetation History and Archaeobotany,2016,25:19-27
[18] El-Moslimany AP.Ecological significance of common nonarboreal pollen:Examples from drylands of the Middle East.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,1990,64:343-350
[19] Davies CP,Fall PL.Modern pollen precipitation from an elevational transect in central Jordan and its relationship to vegetation.Journal of Biogeography,2001,28:1195-1210
[20] Sun X-J (孙湘君),Du N-Q (杜乃秋),Weng C-Y (翁成郁),et al.Paleovegetation and paleoenvironment of Manasi Lake,Xinjiang,N.W.China during the last 14000 years.Quaternary Science (第四纪研究),1994,14(3):239-248 (in Chinese)
[21] Weng C-Y (翁成郁),Sun X-J (孙湘君),Chen Y-S (陈因硕).Numerical characteristics of pollen assemblages of surface samples from the west Kunlun Mountains.Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报),1993,35(1):69-79 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhou X (周霞),Chen D-J (陈东景).Study on vertical change features of climate in the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains.Mountain Research (山地研究),1998,16(1):47-52 (in Chinese)
[23] Hu R-J (胡汝骥).Physical geography of the Tianshan Mountains in China.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2004 (in Chinese)
[24] Hou X-Y(候学煜).Vegetation Atlas of China 1:1000000.Beijing:Science Press,2001 (in Chinese)
[25] Faegri K,Kaland PE,Krzywinski K.Text Book of Pollen Analysis.4th Ed.London:John Wiley and Sons,1989
[26] Xi Y-Z (席以珍),Ning J-C (宁建长).Pollen morphology of arid and semi-arid regions of China.Yushan Biology Sinica (玉山生物学报),1994(11):119-191 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang F-X (王伏雄),Qian N-F (钱南芬),Zhang Y-L (张玉龙),et al.Pollen Flora of China.2nd Ed.Beijing:Science Press,1995 (in Chinese)
[28] Tang L-Y (唐领余),Mao L-M (毛礼米),Shu J-W (舒军武),et al.An Illustrated Handbook of Quaternary Pollen and Spores in China.Beijing:Science Press,2016 (in Chinese)
[29] Liu H,Cui H,Pott R,et al.The surface pollen of the woodland-steppe ecotone in southeastern Inner Mongolia,China.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,1999,105:237-250
[30] Xu Q-H (许清海),Li Y-C (李月丛),Yang X-L (阳小兰),et al.Quantitive relationship between pollen and vegetation in northern China.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2007,37(2):192-205 (in Chinese)
[31] Li Y-Y (李宜垠),Zhang X-S (张新时),Zhou G-S (周广胜),et al.Quantitative relationships between several common pollen taxa and vegetation in the north of China.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2000,45(7):761-765 (in Chinese)
[32] Li Y-C (李月丛),Xu Q-H (许清海),Xiao J-L (肖举乐),et al.Indication of some major pollen taxa in surface samples to their parent plants of forest in nor-thern China.Quaternary Sciences (第四纪研究),2005,25(5):598-608 (in Chinese)
[33] Xu Q-H (许清海),Li M-Y (李曼玥),Zhang S-R (张生瑞),et al.Modern pollen processes of China:Progress and Problems.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2015,45(11):1661-1682 (in Chinese)
[34] Shang X (尚雪),Li X-Q (李小强),An Z-S (安芷生),et al.Modern pollen rain in the Lake Qinghai basin,China.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2009,39(9):1288-1296 (in Chinese)
[35] Chen C-Z (陈春珠),Huang X-Z (黄小忠),Peng W (彭卫),et al.Study of the surface sporo-pollen in the Small Yourdusi Basin on the southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryo-logy (冰川冻土),2012,34(6):1526-1534 (in Chinese)
[36] Jiang Q-F (蒋庆丰),Ji J-F (季峻峰),Shen J (沈吉),et al.Holocene vegetational and climatic variation in westerly-dominated areas of Central Asia inferred from the Sayram Lake in northern Xinjiang,China.Scientia Sinica Terrae (中国科学:地球科学),2013,43(2):243-255 (in Chinese)
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