基于GIS的重庆城口县村落空间分布特征及人居环境适宜性评价研究
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摘要
以重庆城口县为例,探索了秦巴山连片特困区村落空间分布特征及人居环境适宜性,为落后山区村落布局规划与扶贫脱困提供科学依据。运用核密度分析和空间热点探测分析等方法,研究了城口县村落空间分布特征;基于地形起伏度、地被指数、温湿指数和水文指数构建人居环境指数模型,评价了城口县村落人居环境适宜状况。结果表明:(1)村落高密集区主要分布在西部、南部和中部地区,村落稀疏区主要分布在东部和北部地区,村落密度由西向东、由南向北降低,村落分布整体呈带状延伸、片状聚集和"孤岛"零星分布的聚散特征;(2)村落数量分布与地形关系密切,随地形因子分级梯度增大而降低;(3)村落人居环境划分为不适宜、临界适宜、一般适宜、较高适宜和高度适宜5个适宜性级别;(4)现有村落中分布于不适宜区的村落占16.45%,临界适宜区和一般适宜区的村落占65.96%,较高适宜区和高度适宜区的村落占17.59%,可见,村落人居环境适宜性指数与村落数量之间呈倒"U"型相关。研究区应结合人居环境适宜性状况对现有村落分布进行调整优化,并针对性地加强人居环境建设,使减贫脱贫与美丽乡村建设协同共进。
We took Chengkou County of Chongqing as a case study to explore the spatial distribution of villages and human settlements environment suitability in Qinba Mountain region, which provides a scientific basis for village layout planning and poverty alleviation in backward mountain areas. We analyzed the spatial distribution of villages in Chengkou County by using kernel density analysis and spatial hot spot detection. Based on land relief, vegetation index and hydrology index, we set up the human settlements environment index(HEI) model and evaluated the suitability of human settlement environment in Chengkou County. The results showed that:(1) the high concentration of villages mainly distributed in the western, southern and central regions, the sparsely populated areas mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions; village density decreasesd from west to east and from south to north,the distribution of villages showed a band-like extension, flaky accumulation, and scattered features of scattered distribution of ‘islands';(2) the number distribution of villages was closely related to topography, and decreased with the increase of spatially differentiated terrain factor;(3) human settlement environment was divided into five suitability levels: unsuitable, critically suitable, generally suitable, higher suitable and highly suitable;(4) in the existing villages, the villages in the unsuitable areas accounted for 16.45%, the villages in the critical suitable areas and the general suitable areas accounted for 65.96%, and the villages in the higher suitable areas and the highly suitable areas accounted for 17.59%. It can be seen that there is an inverse U-shape correlation between the village suitability index and the number of villages. The research area should adjust and optimize the existing village distribution according to the suitability of the human settlement environment, and strengthen the construction of the human settlement environment in order to synergize the poverty alleviation and the beautiful countryside construction.
We took Chengkou County of Chongqing as a case study to explore the spatial distribution of villages and human settlements environment suitability in Qinba Mountain region, which provides a scientific basis for village layout planning and poverty alleviation in backward mountain areas. We analyzed the spatial distribution of villages in Chengkou County by using kernel density analysis and spatial hot spot detection. Based on land relief, vegetation index and hydrology index, we set up the human settlements environment index(HEI) model and evaluated the suitability of human settlement environment in Chengkou County. The results showed that:(1) the high concentration of villages mainly distributed in the western, southern and central regions, the sparsely populated areas mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions; village density decreasesd from west to east and from south to north,the distribution of villages showed a band-like extension, flaky accumulation, and scattered features of scattered distribution of ‘islands';(2) the number distribution of villages was closely related to topography, and decreased with the increase of spatially differentiated terrain factor;(3) human settlement environment was divided into five suitability levels: unsuitable, critically suitable, generally suitable, higher suitable and highly suitable;(4) in the existing villages, the villages in the unsuitable areas accounted for 16.45%, the villages in the critical suitable areas and the general suitable areas accounted for 65.96%, and the villages in the higher suitable areas and the highly suitable areas accounted for 17.59%. It can be seen that there is an inverse U-shape correlation between the village suitability index and the number of villages. The research area should adjust and optimize the existing village distribution according to the suitability of the human settlement environment, and strengthen the construction of the human settlement environment in order to synergize the poverty alleviation and the beautiful countryside construction.
引文
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[18]海贝贝,石培基,刘春芳,等.黄土高原低山丘陵区农村居民点分布与地形因子关系研究:以兰州市七里河区为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(8):1719-1727.
[19]邓洪平.重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区生物多样性[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[20]王朝辉,陆林,方婷,等.世博建设期上海市旅游住宿产业空间格局演化[J].地理学报,2012,67(10):129-143.
[21]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.基于GIS的中国人居环境指数模型的建立与应用[J].地理学报,2008,63(12):1327-1336.
[22]邓文莲.基于Hopfield神经网络的西安地区地被指数评价分析[J].计算机应用与软件,2013,30(8):242-245.
[23]程淑杰,朱志玲,白林波.基于GIS的人居环境生态适宜性评价:以宁夏中部干旱带为例[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(1):176-183.
[24]魏伟,石培基,冯海春,等.干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评价:以石羊河流域为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012(11):1940-1950.
[25]肖晶晶,李正泉,郭芬芬,等.浙江省人居环境气候适宜度概率分布分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):120-125.
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[27]娄胜霞.基于GIS技术的人居环境自然适宜性评价研究:以遵义市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(8):1358-1363.
[28]岳大鹏,刘鹏,刘焱序.农牧交错带城市人居环境自然适宜性评价[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(1):288-291.
[29]付博.基于GIS和遥感的长春市宜居性环境评价研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.
[30]郭渠,李永华,孙佳,等.秦巴山区的生态旅游气候资源:以重庆城口县为例[J].山地学报,2016,34(1):54-62.
[31]郝慧梅,任志远.基于栅格数据的陕西省人居环境自然适宜性测评[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):498-506.
[32]韩书成,濮励杰.基于供给约束与需求的土地开发适宜性空间分异研究:以江苏省为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(3):262-267.
[2]谢作轮,赵锐锋,姜朋辉,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点空间重构:以榆中县为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):937-947.
[3]杜相佐,王成,蒋文虹,等.基于引力模型的村域农村居民点空间重构研究:以整村推进示范村重庆市合川区大柱村为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):154-160.
[4]马小娥,白永平,纪学朋,等.干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点空间格局及分异[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):281-287.
[5]殷嘉迪,雷国平,乐容潮,等.三江平原农村居民点时空格局演变:以富锦市为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):300-304.
[6]周宁,郝晋珉,孟鹏,等.黄淮海平原县域农村居民点布局优化及其整治策略[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):256-263.
[7]陈伟,李满春,陈振杰,等.GIS支持下的县域农村居民点布局优化研究:以河北省大厂县为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(2):80-84.
[8]谭雪兰,周国华,朱苏晖,等.长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):204-210.
[9]任平,洪步庭,刘寅,等.基于RS与GIS的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3331-3340.
[10]韩丹,冯长春,古维迎.我国农村居民点土地节约集约利用影响因素及区域差异研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(5):29-35.
[11]李灿,张凤荣,姜广辉,等.京郊卫星城区域农村居民点土地利用特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):233-243.
[12]张娟锋,任超群,刘洪玉,等.基于四维驱动力的农村居民点整理模式分析:以北京市通州区为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1815-1824.
[13]赵茜宇,张占录,方杰代.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区农村居民点整理模式分析:以兰州市黄裕乡为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(9):44-49.
[14]朱泰峰,张凤荣,李灿,等.基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力估算及实证[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):240-249.
[15]苏木兰.福州市不同地貌区农村居民点空间演变[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.
[16]阿斯姆古丽·阿纳耶提.沙漠腹地绿洲达理雅博依原住民居住环境空间特征及环境适宜性分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014.
[17]杜鹰.认清形势把握规律扎实工作巩固和发展区域协调发展的好势头[J].中国经贸导刊,2012(4):4-7.
[18]海贝贝,石培基,刘春芳,等.黄土高原低山丘陵区农村居民点分布与地形因子关系研究:以兰州市七里河区为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(8):1719-1727.
[19]邓洪平.重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区生物多样性[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[20]王朝辉,陆林,方婷,等.世博建设期上海市旅游住宿产业空间格局演化[J].地理学报,2012,67(10):129-143.
[21]封志明,唐焰,杨艳昭,等.基于GIS的中国人居环境指数模型的建立与应用[J].地理学报,2008,63(12):1327-1336.
[22]邓文莲.基于Hopfield神经网络的西安地区地被指数评价分析[J].计算机应用与软件,2013,30(8):242-245.
[23]程淑杰,朱志玲,白林波.基于GIS的人居环境生态适宜性评价:以宁夏中部干旱带为例[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(1):176-183.
[24]魏伟,石培基,冯海春,等.干旱内陆河流域人居环境适宜性评价:以石羊河流域为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012(11):1940-1950.
[25]肖晶晶,李正泉,郭芬芬,等.浙江省人居环境气候适宜度概率分布分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):120-125.
[26]周莉,任志远.基于GIS的人居环境自然适宜性研究:以关中—天水经济区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(3):128-133.
[27]娄胜霞.基于GIS技术的人居环境自然适宜性评价研究:以遵义市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(8):1358-1363.
[28]岳大鹏,刘鹏,刘焱序.农牧交错带城市人居环境自然适宜性评价[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(1):288-291.
[29]付博.基于GIS和遥感的长春市宜居性环境评价研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.
[30]郭渠,李永华,孙佳,等.秦巴山区的生态旅游气候资源:以重庆城口县为例[J].山地学报,2016,34(1):54-62.
[31]郝慧梅,任志远.基于栅格数据的陕西省人居环境自然适宜性测评[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):498-506.
[32]韩书成,濮励杰.基于供给约束与需求的土地开发适宜性空间分异研究:以江苏省为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(3):262-267.
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