施氏獭蛤全同胞家系建立及生长与存活性状分析
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摘要
本研究以经2代家系选育的速生长系施氏獭蛤(Lutrariasieboldii)为亲本,通过巢式平衡设计构建了30个全同胞家系,以未经选育个体的同期子代作为对照,分析各家系及对照组不同阶段生长和存活差异。实验结果显示, 3月、9月和15月龄的施氏獭蛤全同胞家系生长性状均高于对照组(P<0.05), 3月龄的家系壳长、壳高和体质量分别相对提高1.33%～9.33%、0.83%～15.83%和0.74%～25.19%,9月龄的家系壳长、壳高和体质量分别相对提高1.83%～10.46%、3.95%～12.45%和6.01%～20.60%,15月龄的家系壳长、壳高和体质量分别相对提高2.45%～25.62%、2.62%～15.01%和7.00%～28.73%,15月龄累积壳长、壳高和体质量生长量前3家系均值分别比家系平均提高9.38%、5.07%、9.34%;幼体期(1 d～30 d)、培育期(30 d～90 d)和养成期(90 d～450 d)各家系的存活率均值低于对照组5.61%、2.45%、2.08%,累积存活率均值低于对照组9.08%,但存活率排名前三的家系均值要高于对照组22.52%;根据全同胞家系生长和存活数据比较,家系A5、A12、A15于不同时期均表现出稳定优异的生长性状,家系A8、A15、A14于不同阶段均具有稳定的存活性状。以上结果表明,经选育施氏獭蛤家系的生长性状具有明显优势,其中,兼具有高生长和存活性状的家系A15可优先作为良种培育材料。
In this study, 30 full-sib families of Lutraria sieboldii were successfully constructed using the method of balanced nested design, in which parents were produced from a fast growth line by family selection of two generations. The control families were produced from unselected individuals. The phenotypic growth traits and the average survival rates were measured and compared among these families at 3-, 9-, and 15-month stages. Results showed that the average growth performances and survival rates of these full-sib families were significantly higher than those of control families during the entire experimental stages(P < 0.05). At the 3-month stage, the average shell length, shell height, and total weight of full-sib families were higher than those of the control families by 1.33%–9.33%, 0.83%–15.83%, and 0.74%–25.19%, respectively. At the 9-month stage, the average shell length, shell height, and total weight of full-sib families were higher than those of the control families by 1.83%–10.46%, 3.95%–12.45%, and 6.01%–20.60%, respectively. At the 15-month stage, these parameters in full-sib families were higher than those of the control families by 2.45%–25.62%, 2.62%–15.01%, and 7.00%–28.73%, respectively. Furthermore, the average shell length, shell height, and total weight of the top three full-sib families were higher than those of all full-sib families by 9.38%, 5.07%, and 9.34%, respectively. The average survival rates of full-sib families during the larval stage(1–30 d), intermediate rearing stage(30–90 d), and rearing stage(90–450 d) were lower than those of the control families by 5.61%, 2.45%, and 2.08%, respectively. During the whole life stage, the average survival rate of full-sib families was lower than that of the control families by 9.08%. Comparison of the performance of full-sib families during all experimental stages showed that families A5, A12, and A15 exhibited the best and stable performance in growth and families A8, A15, and A14 exhibited the best and stable performance in survival. Our results suggest that the phenotypic performance of L. sieboldii with family selection is significantly superior to that of the control. The family A15 can be used as a valuable genetic material in subsequent breeding and related research programs for achieving better performance in both growth and survival.
In this study, 30 full-sib families of Lutraria sieboldii were successfully constructed using the method of balanced nested design, in which parents were produced from a fast growth line by family selection of two generations. The control families were produced from unselected individuals. The phenotypic growth traits and the average survival rates were measured and compared among these families at 3-, 9-, and 15-month stages. Results showed that the average growth performances and survival rates of these full-sib families were significantly higher than those of control families during the entire experimental stages(P < 0.05). At the 3-month stage, the average shell length, shell height, and total weight of full-sib families were higher than those of the control families by 1.33%–9.33%, 0.83%–15.83%, and 0.74%–25.19%, respectively. At the 9-month stage, the average shell length, shell height, and total weight of full-sib families were higher than those of the control families by 1.83%–10.46%, 3.95%–12.45%, and 6.01%–20.60%, respectively. At the 15-month stage, these parameters in full-sib families were higher than those of the control families by 2.45%–25.62%, 2.62%–15.01%, and 7.00%–28.73%, respectively. Furthermore, the average shell length, shell height, and total weight of the top three full-sib families were higher than those of all full-sib families by 9.38%, 5.07%, and 9.34%, respectively. The average survival rates of full-sib families during the larval stage(1–30 d), intermediate rearing stage(30–90 d), and rearing stage(90–450 d) were lower than those of the control families by 5.61%, 2.45%, and 2.08%, respectively. During the whole life stage, the average survival rate of full-sib families was lower than that of the control families by 9.08%. Comparison of the performance of full-sib families during all experimental stages showed that families A5, A12, and A15 exhibited the best and stable performance in growth and families A8, A15, and A14 exhibited the best and stable performance in survival. Our results suggest that the phenotypic performance of L. sieboldii with family selection is significantly superior to that of the control. The family A15 can be used as a valuable genetic material in subsequent breeding and related research programs for achieving better performance in both growth and survival.
引文
[1]彭张明,陶后全,刘锦上,等.马氏珠母贝红色闭壳肌F1代的家系选育及家系评定[J].广东海洋大学学报, 2015, 35(4):37-45.Peng Zhangming, Tao Houquan, Liu Jinshang, et al.Research on family selection and evaluation of Pinctada martensi with red adductor muscle[J]. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 2015, 35(4):37-45.
[2]张守都,李莉,张国范.“中科2号”海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)幼虫期壳长遗传力的估计[J].海洋科学, 2016, 40(7):54-59.Zhang Shoudu, Li Li, Zhang Guofan. Heritability of larval shell length for Zhongke No.2 bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(7):54-59.
[3]任晶莹,王卫军,徐涛,等.长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)多代近交与自交家系遗传差异及生长性状比较[J].海洋与湖沼, 2018, 49(3):630-637.Ren Jingying, Wang Weijun, Xu Tao, et al. Comparation of genetic diversity and growth of pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas between different inbreeding selection and self-fertilization selection.[J]. Oceanologia Et LimnologiaSinica, 2018, 49(3):630-637.
[4]梁冰冰,王鸿霞.文蛤早期发育阶段生长性状遗传参数的估计[J].海洋科学, 2016, 40(3):47-52.Liang Bingbing, Wang Hongxia. Genetic parameter estimation for growth traits in the earlylife history of Meretrix meretrix[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(3):47-52.
[5]李琼珍,童万平,苏琼.大獭蛤的胚胎、幼虫及稚贝的形态发育[J].广西科学, 2003, 10(4):296-299.Li Qiongzhen, Tong Wanping, Su Qiong. The Morphogenesis of Lutraria maxima’s Embryo, Larvae and Spat[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 2003, 10(4):296-299.
[6]刘永,余祥勇,梁飞龙,等.施氏獭蛤幼虫和稚贝发育及行为的研究[J].广东海洋大学学报, 2007, 27(1):17-21.Liu Yong, Yu Xiangyong, Liang Feilong, et al. Development and behavior of the larvae and juveniles of Lutraria sieboldii Reeve[J]. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 2007, 27(1):17-21.
[7]李琼珍,陈瑞芳,童万平.盐度对大獭蛤胚胎发育的影响[J].广西科学院学报, 2004, 20(1):33-34.Li Qiongzhen, Chen Ruifang, Tong Wanping. Influence of salinity upon the embryogenesis of Lutraria maxima Janas[J]. Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2004, 20(1):33-34.
[8]刘超,彭张明,黄佳,等.不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响[J].海洋科学, 2015, 39(12):65-69.Liu Chao, Peng Zhangming, Huang Jia, et al. Influence of different salinity levels on the survival andgrowth of Lutrariasieboldii floating larva[J]. Marine Sciences, 2015,39(12):65-69.
[9]刘超,郭景兰,彭张明,等.施氏獭蛤稚贝对高温和干露的耐受性研究[J].水产科学, 2015, 34(3):169-173.Liu Chao, Guo Jinglan, Peng Zhangming, et al. Tolerance of Juvenile Shellfish Lutrariasieboldii to high-temperature and dry exposure[J]. Fisheries Sciences, 2015, 34(3):169-173.
[10]苏琼,童万平,李琼珍.大獭蛤工厂化育苗技术研究[J].广西科学, 2009, 16(3):342-345.Su Qiong, Tong Wanping, Li Qiongzhen. The technology for factory breeding of Lutraria(psammophila)maxima Jonas[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 2009, 16(3):342-345.
[11]李斌,何俊锋,区小玲,等.广西和广东地区施氏獭蛤3个自然群体的形态差异和遗传多样性分析[J].大连海洋大学学报, 2011, 26(5):414-421.Li Bin, He Junfeng, Qu Xiaoling, et al. Morphological and genetic diversity analysis among three populations of clam Lutraria siebaldii in coastal Guangxi and Guangdong provinces[J]. Journal of Dalian University,2011, 26(5):414-421.
[12]王雪磊,李琪,孔令锋,等.壳金长牡蛎家系的建立及生长和存活性状的比较[J].水产学报, 2016, 40(11):1683-1693.Wang Xuelei, Li Qi, Kong Lingfeng, et al. Construction and comparison of growth and survival among different golden shell families of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J]. Journal ofFisheries of China, 2016, 40(11):1683-1693.
[13] Refstie T, Steine T A. Selection experiments with salmon;III. Genetic and environmental sources of variation in length and weight of Atlantic salmon in the freshwater phase[J]. Aquaculture, 1978, 14(3); 221-234.
[14]孙效文.鱼类分子育种学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.Sun Xiaowen. Fish Molecular Breeding[M]. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 2010.
[15]何毛贤,管云雁,林岳光,等.马氏珠母贝家系的生长比较[J].热带海洋学报, 2007, 26(1):39-43.He Maoxian, Guan Yunyan, Lin Yueguang, et al. Growth comparison between families of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii Dunker[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2007, 26(1):39-43.
[16]张存善,杨小刚,宋坚,等.虾夷扇贝家系的建立及不同家系的早期生长研究[J].南方水产, 2008, 4(5):44-50.Zhang Cunshan, Yang Xiaogang, Song Jian, et al. Establishment of families and their early growth of Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J]. South China Fisheries Sciences, 2008, 4(5):44-50.
[17] Taris N, Ernande B, Mccombie H, et al. Phenotypic and genetic consequences of size selection at the larval stage in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2006,333(1); 147-158.
[18]闫喜武,霍忠明,张跃环,等.菲律宾蛤仔家系的建立及早期生长发育[J].水产学报, 2010, 34(1):32-40.Yan Xiwu, Huo Zhongming, Zhang Yuehuan, et al. Preliminary study of establishment of families and their early growth and development for manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2010, 34(1):32-40.
[19]王庆志,李石磊,付成东.虾夷扇贝耐高温育种家系的建立与早期筛查[J].水产学报, 2014, 38(3):371-377.Wang Qingzhi, Li Shilei, Fu Chengdaong. Establishment of high temperature resistance families and use of laboratory assays to predict subsequent survival in juvenile stage of the Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2014, 38(3):371-377.
[20]刘志刚,章启忠,朱晓闻,等.海湾扇贝南部亚种自交家系选育及其Kung育种值评价[J].中国水产科学,2013, 20(2):308-315.Liu Zhigang, Zhang Qizhong, Zhu Xiaowen, et al.Breeding of a self-fertilizing family and Kung breeding value evaluation of Argopecten irradians concentricus(Say)[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2013,20(2):308-315.
[21]户国,谷伟,王鹏,等.电子标记辅助虹鳟家系建立及快速生长家系筛选[J].中国水产科学, 2012, 19(1):77-83.Hu Guo, Gu Wei, Wang Peng, et al. PIT marker assisted family establishment in rainbow trout and rapid growth families screening[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2012, 19(1):77-83.
[2]张守都,李莉,张国范.“中科2号”海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)幼虫期壳长遗传力的估计[J].海洋科学, 2016, 40(7):54-59.Zhang Shoudu, Li Li, Zhang Guofan. Heritability of larval shell length for Zhongke No.2 bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(7):54-59.
[3]任晶莹,王卫军,徐涛,等.长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)多代近交与自交家系遗传差异及生长性状比较[J].海洋与湖沼, 2018, 49(3):630-637.Ren Jingying, Wang Weijun, Xu Tao, et al. Comparation of genetic diversity and growth of pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas between different inbreeding selection and self-fertilization selection.[J]. Oceanologia Et LimnologiaSinica, 2018, 49(3):630-637.
[4]梁冰冰,王鸿霞.文蛤早期发育阶段生长性状遗传参数的估计[J].海洋科学, 2016, 40(3):47-52.Liang Bingbing, Wang Hongxia. Genetic parameter estimation for growth traits in the earlylife history of Meretrix meretrix[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(3):47-52.
[5]李琼珍,童万平,苏琼.大獭蛤的胚胎、幼虫及稚贝的形态发育[J].广西科学, 2003, 10(4):296-299.Li Qiongzhen, Tong Wanping, Su Qiong. The Morphogenesis of Lutraria maxima’s Embryo, Larvae and Spat[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 2003, 10(4):296-299.
[6]刘永,余祥勇,梁飞龙,等.施氏獭蛤幼虫和稚贝发育及行为的研究[J].广东海洋大学学报, 2007, 27(1):17-21.Liu Yong, Yu Xiangyong, Liang Feilong, et al. Development and behavior of the larvae and juveniles of Lutraria sieboldii Reeve[J]. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 2007, 27(1):17-21.
[7]李琼珍,陈瑞芳,童万平.盐度对大獭蛤胚胎发育的影响[J].广西科学院学报, 2004, 20(1):33-34.Li Qiongzhen, Chen Ruifang, Tong Wanping. Influence of salinity upon the embryogenesis of Lutraria maxima Janas[J]. Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences,2004, 20(1):33-34.
[8]刘超,彭张明,黄佳,等.不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响[J].海洋科学, 2015, 39(12):65-69.Liu Chao, Peng Zhangming, Huang Jia, et al. Influence of different salinity levels on the survival andgrowth of Lutrariasieboldii floating larva[J]. Marine Sciences, 2015,39(12):65-69.
[9]刘超,郭景兰,彭张明,等.施氏獭蛤稚贝对高温和干露的耐受性研究[J].水产科学, 2015, 34(3):169-173.Liu Chao, Guo Jinglan, Peng Zhangming, et al. Tolerance of Juvenile Shellfish Lutrariasieboldii to high-temperature and dry exposure[J]. Fisheries Sciences, 2015, 34(3):169-173.
[10]苏琼,童万平,李琼珍.大獭蛤工厂化育苗技术研究[J].广西科学, 2009, 16(3):342-345.Su Qiong, Tong Wanping, Li Qiongzhen. The technology for factory breeding of Lutraria(psammophila)maxima Jonas[J]. Guangxi Sciences, 2009, 16(3):342-345.
[11]李斌,何俊锋,区小玲,等.广西和广东地区施氏獭蛤3个自然群体的形态差异和遗传多样性分析[J].大连海洋大学学报, 2011, 26(5):414-421.Li Bin, He Junfeng, Qu Xiaoling, et al. Morphological and genetic diversity analysis among three populations of clam Lutraria siebaldii in coastal Guangxi and Guangdong provinces[J]. Journal of Dalian University,2011, 26(5):414-421.
[12]王雪磊,李琪,孔令锋,等.壳金长牡蛎家系的建立及生长和存活性状的比较[J].水产学报, 2016, 40(11):1683-1693.Wang Xuelei, Li Qi, Kong Lingfeng, et al. Construction and comparison of growth and survival among different golden shell families of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J]. Journal ofFisheries of China, 2016, 40(11):1683-1693.
[13] Refstie T, Steine T A. Selection experiments with salmon;III. Genetic and environmental sources of variation in length and weight of Atlantic salmon in the freshwater phase[J]. Aquaculture, 1978, 14(3); 221-234.
[14]孙效文.鱼类分子育种学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.Sun Xiaowen. Fish Molecular Breeding[M]. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 2010.
[15]何毛贤,管云雁,林岳光,等.马氏珠母贝家系的生长比较[J].热带海洋学报, 2007, 26(1):39-43.He Maoxian, Guan Yunyan, Lin Yueguang, et al. Growth comparison between families of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii Dunker[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2007, 26(1):39-43.
[16]张存善,杨小刚,宋坚,等.虾夷扇贝家系的建立及不同家系的早期生长研究[J].南方水产, 2008, 4(5):44-50.Zhang Cunshan, Yang Xiaogang, Song Jian, et al. Establishment of families and their early growth of Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J]. South China Fisheries Sciences, 2008, 4(5):44-50.
[17] Taris N, Ernande B, Mccombie H, et al. Phenotypic and genetic consequences of size selection at the larval stage in the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2006,333(1); 147-158.
[18]闫喜武,霍忠明,张跃环,等.菲律宾蛤仔家系的建立及早期生长发育[J].水产学报, 2010, 34(1):32-40.Yan Xiwu, Huo Zhongming, Zhang Yuehuan, et al. Preliminary study of establishment of families and their early growth and development for manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2010, 34(1):32-40.
[19]王庆志,李石磊,付成东.虾夷扇贝耐高温育种家系的建立与早期筛查[J].水产学报, 2014, 38(3):371-377.Wang Qingzhi, Li Shilei, Fu Chengdaong. Establishment of high temperature resistance families and use of laboratory assays to predict subsequent survival in juvenile stage of the Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2014, 38(3):371-377.
[20]刘志刚,章启忠,朱晓闻,等.海湾扇贝南部亚种自交家系选育及其Kung育种值评价[J].中国水产科学,2013, 20(2):308-315.Liu Zhigang, Zhang Qizhong, Zhu Xiaowen, et al.Breeding of a self-fertilizing family and Kung breeding value evaluation of Argopecten irradians concentricus(Say)[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2013,20(2):308-315.
[21]户国,谷伟,王鹏,等.电子标记辅助虹鳟家系建立及快速生长家系筛选[J].中国水产科学, 2012, 19(1):77-83.Hu Guo, Gu Wei, Wang Peng, et al. PIT marker assisted family establishment in rainbow trout and rapid growth families screening[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2012, 19(1):77-83.
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