某型核电汽轮机低压转子与端部汽封间动静摩擦特点
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摘要
研究某型核电汽轮机低压转子与端部汽封间动静摩擦的振动特征及治理措施。针对某ARABELLE型核电汽轮机大修后冲转振动高打闸事件,综合分析振动信号特征、汽轮机结构特点,判断低压转子端部汽封与轴颈在低转速下存在局部摩擦。依次选择在200 r/min和500 r/min平台高速盘车,待转子恢复正常后顺利冲转至额定转速。该机组功率运行期间轴系振动长期存在周期性波动现象,且受汽封供汽温度和真空度等参数的变化影响明显。研究认为:相较于常规火电机组,该型核电汽轮机受低压缸缸体的刚度偏低容易下凹变形和低压转子跨距长且偏重等影响,低压转子与端部汽封处更易发生摩擦;低速时的摩擦更隐蔽,后果更严重;额定转速时的摩擦容易诱发波浪形不规则振动。
The vibration characteristics and treatment measures of dynamic and static friction between nuclear steam turbine low pressure rotor and end seal are studied. When an ARABELLE type nuclear steam turbine was shut down during starting up due to high vibration after overhaul, the characteristics of vibration signal and structure of turbine are analyzed, and the local friction exists at low speed of the end of low pressure rotor and the neck at low speed. In turn, the high speed turning car at 200 r/min and 500 r/min platform is selected to smoothly turn to the rated speed when the rotor returns to normal. The vibration of the shaft system of this type unit has a periodic fluctuation during the power operation,and it is obviously influenced by the change of supplied shaft seal's temperature, vacuum degree and so on. Compared with the conventional thermal power unit, it is considered that the low pressure cylinder stiffness of the type nuclear steam turbine is easily affected by the lower concave deformation and the long and partial weight of the low pressure rotor, so the low pressure rotor is more prone to friction at the end of the steam seal in the low speed car which is more concealed and more serious; and wavy irregular vibration is easily induced by friction at the rated speed.
The vibration characteristics and treatment measures of dynamic and static friction between nuclear steam turbine low pressure rotor and end seal are studied. When an ARABELLE type nuclear steam turbine was shut down during starting up due to high vibration after overhaul, the characteristics of vibration signal and structure of turbine are analyzed, and the local friction exists at low speed of the end of low pressure rotor and the neck at low speed. In turn, the high speed turning car at 200 r/min and 500 r/min platform is selected to smoothly turn to the rated speed when the rotor returns to normal. The vibration of the shaft system of this type unit has a periodic fluctuation during the power operation,and it is obviously influenced by the change of supplied shaft seal's temperature, vacuum degree and so on. Compared with the conventional thermal power unit, it is considered that the low pressure cylinder stiffness of the type nuclear steam turbine is easily affected by the lower concave deformation and the long and partial weight of the low pressure rotor, so the low pressure rotor is more prone to friction at the end of the steam seal in the low speed car which is more concealed and more serious; and wavy irregular vibration is easily induced by friction at the rated speed.
引文
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[2]张学延.汽轮发电机组振动诊断[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2008.1~4.
[3]寇胜利.汽轮发电机组的振动及现场平衡[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2007. 58~59.
[4]陆颂元.汽轮发电机组振动[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.155~156.
[5]王延博.汽轮发电机组转子及结构振动[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2016. 28.
[6]杨璋,王瑜,蒋彦龙.核电汽轮机低压缸不均匀热变形诊断[J].汽轮机技术, 2017, 57(6):207~210.
[7]周鹏,杨璋.核电汽轮机低压转子摩擦振动试验研究[J].汽轮机技术, 2017, 59(4):306~309.
[8]杨璋,张恒,蒋彦龙,等.核电汽轮机高中压转子弯曲故障评估及处理系统[J].汽轮机技术, 2016(12):471~474.
[9]黄祥君.岭澳核电汽轮机摩擦振动的原因及对策[J].汽轮机技术,2005, 57(10):389~390.
[10]鲍旭东.秦山核电站300MW机组振动故障诊断及处理[J].浙江电力, 2002,(3):38~39.
[11]陈娟,徐大懋.核电汽轮机的特点及选型[J].热能动力工程,2010,(4):460~462.
[12]廖兴宝,高宏喜.引进型1000MW等级核电汽轮机的设计特点[J].热力透平, 2008,(3):12~15.
[13]杨晓辉,单世超.核电汽轮机与火电汽轮机比较分析[J].汽轮机技术, 2006, 48(6):404~406.
[14]GB/T6075.3-2011.机械振动:在非旋转部件上测量评价机器的振动第3部分[S].
[15]蔡林,谢诞梅,等.冷态启动过程中核电半速汽轮机高压缸换热系数及温度场计算[A].2016年核电汽轮机技术研讨会文集[C].烟台:中国核能行业协会, 2016:6~15.
[16]魏红明,蔡林,侯修群,等.1000MW核电汽轮机高压缸启动过程热应力及汽密性分析[J].热能动力工程, 2016,(10):32~37.
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