厦门西港近岸海域柱状沉积物重金属形态分布及生态风险评价
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摘要
研究厦门西港近岸海域柱状沉积物中,12种重金属元素(V,Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr,Cd,Ba,Pb,Fe,Mn)的质量比及分布特征,并采用改进的BCR四步提取法分析赋存形态,使用地累积指数法和次生相与原生相比值法进行污染评价.结果表明:除Ba,Pb,Mn外,其余元素的平均质量比均高于厦门A层土壤元素的背景值;Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Fe,Mn在0～60 cm深度的可提取态占比明显高于60～120 cm;综合两种评价方法,P107柱状沉积物在整个沉积历史中受到除Ba,Sr外其余重金属不同程度的污染,特别是自20世纪90年代开始污染程度加重,与厦门的近代经济发展历史相对应.
The content and distribution of heavy metals(V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, Fe, Mn) in the coastal core sediments from Xiamen Western Bay were studied. The chemical speciation distribution of heavy metals was evaluated by the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. The pollution degree of heavy metals was assessed by the geo-accumulation index and secondary phase ratio to primary phase. The results show that among the 12 heavy metals, except for Ba, Pb and Mn, the average contents of other heavy metals are higher than those in Xiamen A layer soil. Compared with the depth of 60-120 cm, the extractable fraction of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn at 0-60 cm depth is obviously higher. In addition, the results of two assessment methods indicated that the P107 core sediment was polluted in different degrees by most heavy metals except for Ba and Sr.Especially since the 1990 s,heavy metal pollution has become serious,which is corresponding to the modern development history of Xiamen.
The content and distribution of heavy metals(V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, Fe, Mn) in the coastal core sediments from Xiamen Western Bay were studied. The chemical speciation distribution of heavy metals was evaluated by the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. The pollution degree of heavy metals was assessed by the geo-accumulation index and secondary phase ratio to primary phase. The results show that among the 12 heavy metals, except for Ba, Pb and Mn, the average contents of other heavy metals are higher than those in Xiamen A layer soil. Compared with the depth of 60-120 cm, the extractable fraction of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn at 0-60 cm depth is obviously higher. In addition, the results of two assessment methods indicated that the P107 core sediment was polluted in different degrees by most heavy metals except for Ba and Sr.Especially since the 1990 s,heavy metal pollution has become serious,which is corresponding to the modern development history of Xiamen.
引文
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[2] 于瑞莲,胡恭任.泉州湾沉积物重金属形态特征及生态风险[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):419-423.DOI:10.11830/ISSN.1000-5013.2008.03.0419.
[3] WANG Yi,HU Jiwei,XIONG Kangning,et al.Distribution of heavy metals in core sediments from Baihua Lake[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,16(4):51-58.DOI:10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.008.
[4] VALLIUS H.Heavy metal concentrations in sediment cores from the northern Baltic Sea:Declines over the last two decades[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,79(12):359-364.DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.017.
[5] 袁东星,杨东宁,陈猛,等.厦门西港及闽江口表层沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯污染物的含量及分布[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(1):107-112.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2001.01.021.
[6] ZHANG Luoping,YE Xin,FENG Huang,et al.Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(7):974-982.DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.010.
[7] 李桂海,蓝东兆,曹志敏,等.厦门海域沉积物中的重金属及其潜在生态风险[J].海洋通报,2007,26(1):67-72.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2007.01.011.
[8] 李庆召,李国新,罗专溪,等.厦门湾海域表层沉积物重金属和多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2009,28(6):93-99.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0254-6108.2009.06.019.
[9] 杨春霖,欧阳通,张珞平,等.厦门西海域表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(增刊1):89-93.DOI:0.3321/j.issn:0438-0479.2007.z1.019.
[10] LIN Cai,LIU Yang,LI Wenquan,et al.Speciation,distribution,and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Xiamen Bay surface sediment[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,33(4):131.DOI:10.1007/s13131-014-0453-2.
[11] YAN Changzhou,LI Qingzhao,ZHANG Xian,et al.Mobility and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Xiamen Bay and its adjacent areas,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,60(7):1469-1479.DOI:10.1007/s12665-009-0282-3.
[12] LORING D H,RANTALA R T T.Manual for the geochemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended particulate matter[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1992,32(4):235-283.DOI:10.1016/0012-8252(92)90001-A.
[13] YU Ruilian,HU Gongren,WANG Lijuan.Speciation and ecological risk of heavy metals in intertidal sediments of Quanzhou Bay,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,163(14):241-252.DOI:10.1007/s10661-009-0830-z.
[14] MULLER G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[15] 国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[16] 陈静生,董林,邓宝山,等.铜在沉积物各相中分配的实验模拟与数值模拟研究:以鄱阳湖为例[J].环境科学学报,1987,7(2):140-149.DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.1987.02.003.
[17] 李桂海.厦门海域现代沉积环境及重金属元素的环境地球化学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[18] 刘世全,张世熔,伍钧,等.土壤pH与碳酸钙含量的关系[J].土壤,2002,34(5):279-282.DOI:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2002.05.006.
[19] 何海星,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.厦门西港近岸沉积物重金属污染历史及源解析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):1045-1050.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2014.04.046.
[20] 钱华.厦门湾沉积物元素地球化学的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2001.
[21] 陈松,许爱玉,骆炳坤.厦门港湾表层沉积物中重金属的富集和来源探讨[J].台湾海峡,1987,6(2):139-145.
[22] WANG Jie,LIU Guijian,LIU Houqi,et al.Tracking historical mobility behavior and sources of lead in the 59-year sediment core from the Huaihe River using lead isotopic compositions[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:584-593.DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.022.
[23] 韩璐,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.厦门西港潮间带柱状沉积物重金属赋存形态与污染评价[J].地球与环境,2017,45(3):342-347.DOI:10.14050/j.cnki.1672-9250.2017.03.013.
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