土壤镉污染对小麦生长及镉吸收的影响
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摘要
为明确小麦对镉的吸收状况,以扬麦13号为材料,采用盆栽试验,分析了不同外源镉污染水平(0、5、10、20 mg·kg~(-1)和50mg·kg~(-1))对小麦生长状况、光合生理指标、磷含量及镉吸收的影响,并使用目标危险系数(THQ)法预估了食用该小麦籽粒对人体健康产生的风险。结果表明,低浓度的外源镉(<10 mg·kg~(-1))未显著影响小麦的生长速率、各部位生物量、光合生理指标和小麦各部位的磷含量。但当外源镉浓度增大时,小麦生长速率受到抑制。当外源镉浓度>20 mg·kg~(-1)时,小麦生物量、蒸腾速率及磷含量显著降低。小麦各部位的镉含量及籽粒中镉的THQ值都随镉污染水平的增大而增加,各污染水平下THQ值均大于1,且儿童的THQ值大于成人。研究结果显示,虽然中、低浓度的外源镉不会对小麦生长造成显著的影响,但在该环境中生长的小麦籽粒中的镉含量仍然会对人体造成明显的不利影响,表明仅依靠镉对小麦的生长影响不足以说明镉对小麦及人体的危害,必须综合各个指标来讨论。
In order to clarify the uptake of Cadmium(Cd)by wheat, the effects of different exogenous Cd concentration(0, 5, 10, 20 mg·kg~(-1) and 50 mg·kg~(-1))on wheat growth, photosynthetic physiological indexes, phosphorus concentration and Cd uptake were examined in a pot experiment using the cultivar of Yangmai 13. The risks to human health were also estimated by the target hazard factor(THQ)method.The results showed that growth rate, biomass, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and phosphorus concentration of wheat plant were not significantly affected by low exogenous Cd concentration, while high exogenous Cd concentration inhibited wheat growth. When exogenous Cd concentration was higher than 20 mg·kg~(-1), biomass, transpiration and phosphorus concentration of wheat significantly decreased.Cd concentration in stem, leaf and husk of wheat and THQ of Cd in grain all increased with increase of exogenous Cd concentration. The THQ of Cd for children was higher than that for adults, and both THQ>1. The results showed low exogenous Cd concentration didn′t significantly affect growth of wheat plant, but Cd concentration in edible parts would have a significant adverse impact on human, which indicated that the effect of Cd on wheat growth alone was not enough to explain the harm of Cd to wheat and human. All the indexes must be considered.
In order to clarify the uptake of Cadmium(Cd)by wheat, the effects of different exogenous Cd concentration(0, 5, 10, 20 mg·kg~(-1) and 50 mg·kg~(-1))on wheat growth, photosynthetic physiological indexes, phosphorus concentration and Cd uptake were examined in a pot experiment using the cultivar of Yangmai 13. The risks to human health were also estimated by the target hazard factor(THQ)method.The results showed that growth rate, biomass, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and phosphorus concentration of wheat plant were not significantly affected by low exogenous Cd concentration, while high exogenous Cd concentration inhibited wheat growth. When exogenous Cd concentration was higher than 20 mg·kg~(-1), biomass, transpiration and phosphorus concentration of wheat significantly decreased.Cd concentration in stem, leaf and husk of wheat and THQ of Cd in grain all increased with increase of exogenous Cd concentration. The THQ of Cd for children was higher than that for adults, and both THQ>1. The results showed low exogenous Cd concentration didn′t significantly affect growth of wheat plant, but Cd concentration in edible parts would have a significant adverse impact on human, which indicated that the effect of Cd on wheat growth alone was not enough to explain the harm of Cd to wheat and human. All the indexes must be considered.
引文
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[14]肖玉,成升魁,谢高地,等.我国主要粮食品种供给与消费平衡分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(6):927-936.XIAO Yu,CHENG Sheng-kui,XIE Gao-di,et al.The balance between supply and consumption of the main types of grain in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(6):927-936.
[15]Chen L,Long X H,Zheng Z H,et al.Cadmium accumulation and translocation in two jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.)cultivars[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(5):573-580.
[16]He S Y,Yang X E,He Z L,et al.Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity:A review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):421-438.
[17]Nyitrai P,Bóka K,Gáspár L,et al.Rejuvenation of ageing bean leaves under the effect of low-dose stressors[J].Plant Biology,2004,6(6):708-714.
[18]赵一莎,刘冲,李虎,等.Cd胁迫黄土中施用污泥对小麦生长的影响及吸收Cd的效应[J].兰州大学学报(自然版),2016,52(1):51-55.ZHAO Yi-sha,LIU Chong,LI Hu,et al.Effect of application of sewage sludge on the growth of wheat and absorption of Cd under Cd stress in loess[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Edition),2016,52(1):51-55.
[19]张其德,蒋高明,朱新广,等.12个不同基因型冬小麦的光合能力[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(5):532-536.ZHANG Qi-de,JIANG Gao-ming,ZHU Xin-guang,et al.Photosynthetic capability of 12 genotypes of Triticum aestivum[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2001,25(5):532-536.
[20]慈敦伟,姜东,戴廷波,等.镉毒害对小麦幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(5):88-91.CI Dun-wei,JIANG Dong,DAI Ting-bo,et al.Effect of Cd toxicity on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat seedling[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(5):88-91.
[21]李子芳,刘惠芬,熊肖霞,等.镉胁迫对小麦种子萌发幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(增刊):17-20.LI Zi-fang,LIU Hui-fen,XIONG Xiao-xia,et al.Effect of cadmium on seed germination,seeding development and physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2005,24(Suppl):17-20.
[22]张利红,李培军,李雪梅,等.镉胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):458-460.ZHANG Li-hong,LI Pei-jun,LI Xue-mei,et al.Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(4):458-460.
[23]曹莹,段萌,刘玉莲,等.镉胁迫下铵态氮对春小麦光合生理特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):359-363.CAO Ying,DUAN Meng,LIU Yu-lian,et al.Effects of NH+4-N on photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat plant under cadmium[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(2):359-363.
[24]陈京都,何理,许轲,等.镉胁迫对不同基因型水稻生长及矿质营养元素吸收的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3219-3225.CHEN Jing-du,HE Li,XU Ke,et al.Growth and nutritional element absorption of different rice genotypes under cadmium stress[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(12):3219-3225.
[25]Li X H,Zhou Q X,Sun X Y,et al.Effects of cadmium on uptake and translocation of nutrient elements in different Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum L.)cultivars[J].Food Chemistry,2016,194:101-110.
[26]张国平,深见元弘,关本根.不同镉水平下小麦对镉及矿质养分吸收和积累的品种间差异[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):454-458.ZHANG Guo-ping,SHENJIAN Yuan-hong,GUAN Ben-gen.Difference between two wheat cultivars in Cd and mineral nutrient uptake under different Cd levels[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(4):454-458.
[27]张兴梅,杨清伟,李杨.土壤镉污染现状及修复研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(3):79-81.ZHANG Xing-mei,YANG Qing-wei,LI Yang.Progress of status and remediation of soil cadmium pollution[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Science,2010,14(3):79-81.
[28]Rizwan M,Ali S,Abbas T,et al.Cadmium minimization in wheat:Acritical review[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,130:43-53.
[29]姜丽娜,邵云,李春喜,等.镉在小麦植株体内的吸收、分配和累积规律研究[J].河南农业科学,2004,33(7):13-17.JIANG Li-na,SHAO Yun,LI Chun-xi,et al.Studies on uptake,distribution and accumulation of Cd in wheat plant[J].Henan Agricultural Science,2004,33(7):13-17.
[2]Huang Y Y,He C T,Shen C,et al.Toxicity of cadmium and its health risks from leafy vegetable consumption[J].Food&Function,2017,8(4):1373-1401.
[3]Dziubanek G,Baranowska R,?wielag D M,et al.Cadmium in edible plants from Silesia,Poland,and its implications for health risk in populations[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2017,142:8-13.
[4]Rehman M Z,Rizwan M,Ghafoor A,et al.Effect of inorganic amendments for in situ stabilization of cadmium in contaminated soils and its phyto-availability to wheat and rice under rotation[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2015,22(21):16897-16906.
[5]沈凤斌.含镉小麦再敲土壤污染警钟[J].生态经济,2017,33(9):10-13.SHEN Feng-bin.Warning of soil pollution in cadmium containing wheat[J].Ecological Economy,2017,33(9):10-13.
[6]Ouzounidou G,Moustakas M,Eleftheriou E P.Physiological and ultrastructural effects of cadmium on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)leaves[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,1997,32(2):154-160.
[7]Yang Y M,Nan Z R,Zhao Z J.Bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium in wheat(Triticum aestivum L)and maize(Zea mays L)from the polluted oasis soil of northwestern China[J].Chemical Speciation&Bioavailability,2014,26(1):43-51.
[8]Liu Z P,Ding Y F,Wang F J,et al.Role of salicylic acid in resistance to cadmium stress in plants[J].Plant Cell Reports,2016,35(4):719-731.
[9]朱志勇,郝玉芬,吴金芝,等.镉胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗生长以及Cd2+、Zn2+、Mn2+吸收和积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):209-213.ZHU Zhi-yong,HAO Yu-fen,WU Jin-zhi,et al.Effects of Cd2+stress on the seedling growth,Cd2+,Zn2+and Mn2+uptake of different wheat cultivars[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(2):209-213.
[10]陈勇.水稻、小麦籽实与土壤Cd含量关系研究及安全利用评价--以X镇为例[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2017.CHEN Yong.The study on soil and rice and wheat seeds in Cd the relationship between dose effect and safe use evaluation in southern XXtown as an example[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2017.
[11]Zhou H,Yang W T,Zhou X,et al.Accumulation of heavy metals in vegetable species planted in contaminated soils and the health risk assessment[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2016,13(3):289.
[12]马登玉.扬麦13号的特征特性及其在水稻茬中高产栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2007(23):145.MA Deng-yu.The characteristics of Yangmai 13 and its high yield cultivation techniques in rice stubble[J].Xiandai Nongye Keji,2007(23):145.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1999.LU Ru-kun.Method of soil agricultural chemical analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[14]肖玉,成升魁,谢高地,等.我国主要粮食品种供给与消费平衡分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(6):927-936.XIAO Yu,CHENG Sheng-kui,XIE Gao-di,et al.The balance between supply and consumption of the main types of grain in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(6):927-936.
[15]Chen L,Long X H,Zheng Z H,et al.Cadmium accumulation and translocation in two jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.)cultivars[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(5):573-580.
[16]He S Y,Yang X E,He Z L,et al.Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity:A review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):421-438.
[17]Nyitrai P,Bóka K,Gáspár L,et al.Rejuvenation of ageing bean leaves under the effect of low-dose stressors[J].Plant Biology,2004,6(6):708-714.
[18]赵一莎,刘冲,李虎,等.Cd胁迫黄土中施用污泥对小麦生长的影响及吸收Cd的效应[J].兰州大学学报(自然版),2016,52(1):51-55.ZHAO Yi-sha,LIU Chong,LI Hu,et al.Effect of application of sewage sludge on the growth of wheat and absorption of Cd under Cd stress in loess[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Edition),2016,52(1):51-55.
[19]张其德,蒋高明,朱新广,等.12个不同基因型冬小麦的光合能力[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(5):532-536.ZHANG Qi-de,JIANG Gao-ming,ZHU Xin-guang,et al.Photosynthetic capability of 12 genotypes of Triticum aestivum[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2001,25(5):532-536.
[20]慈敦伟,姜东,戴廷波,等.镉毒害对小麦幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(5):88-91.CI Dun-wei,JIANG Dong,DAI Ting-bo,et al.Effect of Cd toxicity on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat seedling[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(5):88-91.
[21]李子芳,刘惠芬,熊肖霞,等.镉胁迫对小麦种子萌发幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(增刊):17-20.LI Zi-fang,LIU Hui-fen,XIONG Xiao-xia,et al.Effect of cadmium on seed germination,seeding development and physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2005,24(Suppl):17-20.
[22]张利红,李培军,李雪梅,等.镉胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):458-460.ZHANG Li-hong,LI Pei-jun,LI Xue-mei,et al.Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(4):458-460.
[23]曹莹,段萌,刘玉莲,等.镉胁迫下铵态氮对春小麦光合生理特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):359-363.CAO Ying,DUAN Meng,LIU Yu-lian,et al.Effects of NH+4-N on photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat plant under cadmium[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(2):359-363.
[24]陈京都,何理,许轲,等.镉胁迫对不同基因型水稻生长及矿质营养元素吸收的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3219-3225.CHEN Jing-du,HE Li,XU Ke,et al.Growth and nutritional element absorption of different rice genotypes under cadmium stress[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(12):3219-3225.
[25]Li X H,Zhou Q X,Sun X Y,et al.Effects of cadmium on uptake and translocation of nutrient elements in different Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum L.)cultivars[J].Food Chemistry,2016,194:101-110.
[26]张国平,深见元弘,关本根.不同镉水平下小麦对镉及矿质养分吸收和积累的品种间差异[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):454-458.ZHANG Guo-ping,SHENJIAN Yuan-hong,GUAN Ben-gen.Difference between two wheat cultivars in Cd and mineral nutrient uptake under different Cd levels[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(4):454-458.
[27]张兴梅,杨清伟,李杨.土壤镉污染现状及修复研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(3):79-81.ZHANG Xing-mei,YANG Qing-wei,LI Yang.Progress of status and remediation of soil cadmium pollution[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Science,2010,14(3):79-81.
[28]Rizwan M,Ali S,Abbas T,et al.Cadmium minimization in wheat:Acritical review[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,130:43-53.
[29]姜丽娜,邵云,李春喜,等.镉在小麦植株体内的吸收、分配和累积规律研究[J].河南农业科学,2004,33(7):13-17.JIANG Li-na,SHAO Yun,LI Chun-xi,et al.Studies on uptake,distribution and accumulation of Cd in wheat plant[J].Henan Agricultural Science,2004,33(7):13-17.
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