南疆干旱地区土壤盐分空间变异特征研究——以库尔勒三十一团为例
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摘要
【目的】探明南疆干旱区土壤盐分空间分布特征和变异特征以及产生土壤盐分空间变异特征的原因。【方法】以库尔勒地区三十一团为例,采集该地区代表性的土壤样品,测试、分析了土壤样品不同土层的含盐量指标。【结果】①5个土层土壤含盐量均小于3 g/kg,均属于非盐化土;②5个土层土壤盐分的变异系数均属于中等变异性,其中0～20、40～60和80～100 cm接近于强变异性;③0～20 cm土层土壤盐分的半变异函数符合球状模型,20～40 cm土层土壤盐分的半变异函数符合指数模型,40～60、60～80和80～100 cm土层土壤盐分的半变异函数符合高斯模型;④研究区域土壤含盐量主要集中在1～3 g/kg之间,并且含盐量在2～3 g/kg土壤面积最大。【结论】研究区域土壤含盐量空间分布差异较大,各层土壤存在不同程度的盐渍化现象;土层的高盐分区主要集中分布在南北方向靠近沙漠、远离水库和地势较为低洼区域;垂直方向上,各层土壤含盐量差异不大。
【Objective】This paper aims to explore the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of soil salinity in the arid regions of Southern Xinjiang and the reasons for the spatial variation of soil salinity.【Method】Salt content indicators of different soil layers by collecting representative soil samples was testen and analyzal.【Result】①The salt salinity in five different soil layers was less than 3 g/kg and all were non-saline soils.②The variation coefficients of soil salinity in five soil layers were all of moderate variability, in the meanwhile, the index in soil layers of 0～20, 40～60, 80～100 cm were close to strong variability.③The semivariogram of soil salinity of the0～20 cm layer could be best described by the Spherical mode1, 20～40 cm layer could be best described by the Exponential model, which the 40～60 cm, 60～80 cm and 80～100 cm layer was best fitted by the Spherical mode1. ④The soil salinity was mainly between 1～3 g/kg and the area of soil salinity was the widest in 2～3 g/kg.【Conclusion】There were different about spatial distribution of soil salinity in this region, and the degrees of salinization are different in each layer of soil. In region of near desert and away from reservoir are high-salinity, at the study area of north and south. In the vertical direction, there was little difference in soil salinity for each layer.
【Objective】This paper aims to explore the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of soil salinity in the arid regions of Southern Xinjiang and the reasons for the spatial variation of soil salinity.【Method】Salt content indicators of different soil layers by collecting representative soil samples was testen and analyzal.【Result】①The salt salinity in five different soil layers was less than 3 g/kg and all were non-saline soils.②The variation coefficients of soil salinity in five soil layers were all of moderate variability, in the meanwhile, the index in soil layers of 0～20, 40～60, 80～100 cm were close to strong variability.③The semivariogram of soil salinity of the0～20 cm layer could be best described by the Spherical mode1, 20～40 cm layer could be best described by the Exponential model, which the 40～60 cm, 60～80 cm and 80～100 cm layer was best fitted by the Spherical mode1. ④The soil salinity was mainly between 1～3 g/kg and the area of soil salinity was the widest in 2～3 g/kg.【Conclusion】There were different about spatial distribution of soil salinity in this region, and the degrees of salinization are different in each layer of soil. In region of near desert and away from reservoir are high-salinity, at the study area of north and south. In the vertical direction, there was little difference in soil salinity for each layer.
引文
[1]李建辉,李晓秀,张汪寿,等.基于地统计学的北运河下游土壤养分空间分布[J].地理科学, 2011, 31(8):1 001-1 006.
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[3] AMEZKETA E. An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization, a pre-condition for land desertification[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2006, 67(4):594-606.
[4]张飞,李怡博,王东芳,等.精河绿洲盐渍土表层土壤盐分因子的空间变异及分布格局[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(1):64-73.
[5]侯学煜.干旱灌区土壤盐渍化的防治[J].大自然, 1984(4):31-32.
[6]王雪梅,柴仲平,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.西北干旱区典型绿洲盐渍土现状及特征分析[J].水土保持研究, 2009, 16(2):88-91.
[7]乔木,田长彦,王新平.新疆灌区土壤盐渍化及改良模式[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社, 2008.
[8]张芳,熊黑钢,田源,等.区域尺度地形因素对奇台绿洲土壤盐渍化空间分布的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2014, 24(7):731-739.
[9]阿斯古丽·木萨,阿不都拉·阿不力孜，瓦哈甫·哈力克,等.新疆克里雅绿洲土壤盐分、p H和盐基离子空间异质性分析[J].土壤, 2017, 49(5):1 007-1 014.
[1 0]张乃明,李保国,胡克林.太原污灌区土壤重金属和盐分含量的空间变异特征[J].环境科学学报, 2001,(21)3:349-353.
[1 1]赵锐锋,陈亚宁,洪传勋,等.塔里木河源流区绿洲土壤含盐量空间变异和格局分析：以岳普湖绿洲为例[J].地理研究, 2008, 27(1):135-144.
[1 2]徐英,陈亚新,周明耀.不同时期农田土壤水分和盐分的空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2005, 24(3):30-34.
[1 3]姚荣江,杨劲松,刘广明.黄河三角洲地区土壤容重空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2006, 25(4):11-15.
[1 4]李平,赵鸿斌,田原,等.塔里木河流域土地盐渍化改良与竖井排灌工程[J].地质灾害与环境保护, 2002,13(2):48-50.
[1 5]马春芽,王景雷,陈震,等.基于温度植被干旱指数的土壤水分空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2019, 38(3):28-34.
[1 6]孔德庸,盛建东,武红旗,等.新疆焉耆盆地土壤盐分空间变异特征分析研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2009, 28(2):124-126.
[1 7]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1978:196-211.
[1 8]白军红,欧阳华,邓伟,等.向海沼泽湿地土壤氮素的空间分布格局[J].地理研究, 2004, 23(5):614-622.
[1 9]李小玉,宋冬梅,肖笃宁.石羊河下游民勤绿洲地下水矿化度的时空变异[J].地理学报, 2005, 60(2):319-327.
[20]新疆农业厅,新疆土壤普查办公室.新疆土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:51-52.
[21]雷志栋,杨诗秀,许志荣,等.土壤特性变异性初步研究[J].水利学报,1985(9):10-20.
[22]王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999:162-192.
[23]郑新奇,吕利娜.地统计学(现代空间统计学)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2018.
[24]魏云杰,许模.新疆土壤盐渍化成因及其防治对策研究[J].地球与环境, 2005, 33(21):593-597.
[25]许迪,丁昆仑.区域表层土壤正Ec和p H时空变异性分布及其相关性[J].灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(5):1-5.
[26] Russd D. A geostatistical approach to solute transport in heterogeneous fields and applications to salinity management[J]. Water Resoures, 1984, 20(9):1 260-1 270.
[27]杨玉建,杨劲松.典型潮土区土壤耕层盐分含量的趋势效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2004, 23(6):10-13.
[28]王曾丽,曾广贵.干旱区垄膜沟灌条件下土壤水盐空间分布特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(5):47-51.
[29]牛建龙,柳维扬,王家强,等.塔里木河干流流域气候变化特征及其突变分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(2):106-112.
[2]阿依努尔·提力瓦力迪.博尔塔拉河流域土壤盐分空间变异性及其影响因素研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学, 2013.
[3] AMEZKETA E. An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization, a pre-condition for land desertification[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2006, 67(4):594-606.
[4]张飞,李怡博,王东芳,等.精河绿洲盐渍土表层土壤盐分因子的空间变异及分布格局[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(1):64-73.
[5]侯学煜.干旱灌区土壤盐渍化的防治[J].大自然, 1984(4):31-32.
[6]王雪梅,柴仲平,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.西北干旱区典型绿洲盐渍土现状及特征分析[J].水土保持研究, 2009, 16(2):88-91.
[7]乔木,田长彦,王新平.新疆灌区土壤盐渍化及改良模式[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社, 2008.
[8]张芳,熊黑钢,田源,等.区域尺度地形因素对奇台绿洲土壤盐渍化空间分布的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2014, 24(7):731-739.
[9]阿斯古丽·木萨,阿不都拉·阿不力孜，瓦哈甫·哈力克,等.新疆克里雅绿洲土壤盐分、p H和盐基离子空间异质性分析[J].土壤, 2017, 49(5):1 007-1 014.
[1 0]张乃明,李保国,胡克林.太原污灌区土壤重金属和盐分含量的空间变异特征[J].环境科学学报, 2001,(21)3:349-353.
[1 1]赵锐锋,陈亚宁,洪传勋,等.塔里木河源流区绿洲土壤含盐量空间变异和格局分析：以岳普湖绿洲为例[J].地理研究, 2008, 27(1):135-144.
[1 2]徐英,陈亚新,周明耀.不同时期农田土壤水分和盐分的空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2005, 24(3):30-34.
[1 3]姚荣江,杨劲松,刘广明.黄河三角洲地区土壤容重空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2006, 25(4):11-15.
[1 4]李平,赵鸿斌,田原,等.塔里木河流域土地盐渍化改良与竖井排灌工程[J].地质灾害与环境保护, 2002,13(2):48-50.
[1 5]马春芽,王景雷,陈震,等.基于温度植被干旱指数的土壤水分空间变异性分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2019, 38(3):28-34.
[1 6]孔德庸,盛建东,武红旗,等.新疆焉耆盆地土壤盐分空间变异特征分析研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2009, 28(2):124-126.
[1 7]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1978:196-211.
[1 8]白军红,欧阳华,邓伟,等.向海沼泽湿地土壤氮素的空间分布格局[J].地理研究, 2004, 23(5):614-622.
[1 9]李小玉,宋冬梅,肖笃宁.石羊河下游民勤绿洲地下水矿化度的时空变异[J].地理学报, 2005, 60(2):319-327.
[20]新疆农业厅,新疆土壤普查办公室.新疆土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:51-52.
[21]雷志栋,杨诗秀,许志荣,等.土壤特性变异性初步研究[J].水利学报,1985(9):10-20.
[22]王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999:162-192.
[23]郑新奇,吕利娜.地统计学(现代空间统计学)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2018.
[24]魏云杰,许模.新疆土壤盐渍化成因及其防治对策研究[J].地球与环境, 2005, 33(21):593-597.
[25]许迪,丁昆仑.区域表层土壤正Ec和p H时空变异性分布及其相关性[J].灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(5):1-5.
[26] Russd D. A geostatistical approach to solute transport in heterogeneous fields and applications to salinity management[J]. Water Resoures, 1984, 20(9):1 260-1 270.
[27]杨玉建,杨劲松.典型潮土区土壤耕层盐分含量的趋势效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2004, 23(6):10-13.
[28]王曾丽,曾广贵.干旱区垄膜沟灌条件下土壤水盐空间分布特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(5):47-51.
[29]牛建龙,柳维扬,王家强,等.塔里木河干流流域气候变化特征及其突变分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(2):106-112.
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