不同水肥处理对苕子和后茬玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响
|
摘要
在田间试验条件下,研究不同水肥处理对光叶紫花苕子(简称苕子)生长,及其翻压后对后茬玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,灌溉和施肥均显著促进苕子生长。在绿肥季,不论施肥与否,灌溉处理均可显著提高苕子的生物量、根系活力和N、P养分累积,NPW(绿肥季施氮磷肥和灌溉)和CKW处理(绿肥季不施肥,只进行灌溉处理)的苕子生物量、根系活力和N、P养分累积分别比相应的未灌溉处理提高34.58%和56.10%,26.49%和37.92%,43.47%和146.89%,103.84%和113.94%。苕子翻压的养分还田量为125.32～274.49kg/hm2,约占玉米季化肥总养分的26.95%～59.03%。与冬闲处理(CF)相比,不同施肥和灌溉处理的绿肥翻压均促进玉米产量和养分累积,以及土壤养分含量的提高,其中以NPW处理的提升效果最明显。周年等养分条件下,玉米季15.56%氮或50.00%磷肥料前移至绿肥季,可明显促进绿肥养分还田量的增加,后茬玉米产量(增幅为8.39%～31.19%)和养分累积量(增幅为7.31%～29.20%)也有不同程度的增加。综上,在适量灌溉和施肥条件下,苕子生物量明显增加,进而促进后茬玉米产量和养分累积量增加。研究结果可为我国绿肥农田应用及化肥减施提供数据支撑和实践依据。
We studied the effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on the growth of Viciavillosa Rothvar(Vetch)and the effects of the green manure on the growth of later-maize yield and soil fertility through field experiments.The results showed that both irrigation and fertilization significantly promoted the growth of Vetch.In the green manure season,irrigation could significantly increase the biomass,root activity,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients accumulation of Vetch,whether fertilized or not.The Vetch biomass,root activity,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients accumulation of NPW(applying nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation in green manure season)and CKW(no fertilization in green manure season,only irrigation treatment)consistently increased by 34.58% and 56.10%,26.49% and 37.92%,43.47% and 146.89%,103.84% and113.94%,respectively,compared with the corresponding no irrigated treatment.The amount of nutrients returned from the residual Vetch were 125.32～274.49 kg/hm2,which accounted for 26.95%～59.03%of the total nutrients of chemical fertilizer in maize season.Compared with CF treatment(winter idle land treatment),the green manure growing under different fertilization and irrigation treatments promoted maize yield and nutrients accumulation and increased soil nutrients,and among the treatments,the effect of NPW treatment was the best.Under the same annual nutrient condition,15.56% of nitrogen or 50.00% of phosphorus fertilization in the maize season transferred forward to the green manure growing season,which could significantly increase the amount of green manure nutrient returned to the field,the maize yield(8.39% ～31.19%)and nutrients accumulation(7.31%～29.20%).In conclusion,under the conditions of appropriate irrigation and fertilization,the biomass of Vetch increased significantly,which had consistent increased the yield and nutrients accumulation of later-maize.The results could provide data support and practical basis for the application of green manure infield managements and fertilizer reduction in China.
We studied the effects of different irrigation and fertilization treatments on the growth of Viciavillosa Rothvar(Vetch)and the effects of the green manure on the growth of later-maize yield and soil fertility through field experiments.The results showed that both irrigation and fertilization significantly promoted the growth of Vetch.In the green manure season,irrigation could significantly increase the biomass,root activity,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients accumulation of Vetch,whether fertilized or not.The Vetch biomass,root activity,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients accumulation of NPW(applying nitrogen,phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation in green manure season)and CKW(no fertilization in green manure season,only irrigation treatment)consistently increased by 34.58% and 56.10%,26.49% and 37.92%,43.47% and 146.89%,103.84% and113.94%,respectively,compared with the corresponding no irrigated treatment.The amount of nutrients returned from the residual Vetch were 125.32～274.49 kg/hm2,which accounted for 26.95%～59.03%of the total nutrients of chemical fertilizer in maize season.Compared with CF treatment(winter idle land treatment),the green manure growing under different fertilization and irrigation treatments promoted maize yield and nutrients accumulation and increased soil nutrients,and among the treatments,the effect of NPW treatment was the best.Under the same annual nutrient condition,15.56% of nitrogen or 50.00% of phosphorus fertilization in the maize season transferred forward to the green manure growing season,which could significantly increase the amount of green manure nutrient returned to the field,the maize yield(8.39% ～31.19%)and nutrients accumulation(7.31%～29.20%).In conclusion,under the conditions of appropriate irrigation and fertilization,the biomass of Vetch increased significantly,which had consistent increased the yield and nutrients accumulation of later-maize.The results could provide data support and practical basis for the application of green manure infield managements and fertilizer reduction in China.
引文
[1]赵秉强,张福锁,廖宗文,等.我国新型肥料发展战略研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):536-545.
[2]林葆.化肥与无公害农业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[3]García H,JoséL,Murilloamador B,et al.Research advances and prospects on the use of green manures in agriculture[J].Management and Organizational History,2010,6(4):347-366.
[4]曹卫东,黄鸿翔.关于我国恢复和发展绿肥若干问题的思考[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(4):1-3.
[5]焦彬.中国绿肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[6]叶协锋,杨超,李正,等.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.
[7]Larkin R P,Griffin T S,Honeycutt C W.Rotation and cover crop effects on soilborne potato diseases,tuber yield,and soil microbial communities[J].Plant Disease,2010,94(12):1491-1502.
[8]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1161-1167.
[9]苏亚丽,张力君,孙启忠,等.水肥耦合对敖汉苜蓿营养成分的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):821-824.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]王学奎,黄见良.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
[12]刘敏.不同秸秆量与无机肥配施对土壤理化性状和玉米生长的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[13]呼玉峰.水肥耦合对紫云英苗期生物学特性影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[14]李继明,黄庆海,袁天佑,等.长期施用绿肥对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):563-570.
[15]郭云周,尹小怀,王劲松,等.翻压等量绿肥和化肥减量对红壤旱地烤烟产量产值的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(6):811-816.
[16]赵秋,高贤彪,宁晓光,等.华北地区春玉米-冬绿肥轮作对碳、氮蓄积和土壤养分以及微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):1005-1011.
[17]张久东,包兴国,曹卫东,等.长期施用绿肥减施化肥对毛叶苕子产草量和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):66-70.
[18]Canali S,Ciaccia C,Tittarelli F.Soil fertility management in organic potato:The role of green manure and amendment applications[M]∥.Sustainable potato production:Global case studies.Springer Netherlands,2012.
[19]Haque,Mozammel M,Kim,et al.Optimum application level of winter cover crop biomass as green manure;Under considering methane emission and rice productivity in paddy soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(4):487-493.
[20]Snyder E M,Karsten H D,Curran W S,et al.Green manure comparison between winter wheat and corn:Weeds,yields,and economics[J].Agronomy Journal,2016,108(5):2015.
[21]杜威,王紫泉,和文祥,等.豆科绿肥对渭北旱塬土壤养分及生态化学计量学特征影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(4):999-1008.
[22]Pypers P,Bimponda W,Lodi-Lama J P,et al.Combining mineral fertilizer and green manure for increased,profitable cassava production[J].Agronomy Journal,2012,104(1):178.
[23]Bayala J,Sileshi G W,Coe R,et al.Cereal yield response to conservation agriculture practices in drylands of West Africa:A quantitative synthesis[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,78:1-25.
[24]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160.
[25]Liu M,Hu F,Chen X,et al.Organic amendments with reduced chemical fertilizer promote soil microbial development and nutrient availability in a subtropical paddy field:The influence of quantity,type and application time of organic amendments[J].Applied Soil E-cology,2009,42(2):1-175.
[26]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):126-134.
[27]刘国顺,李正,敬海霞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1472-1478.
[28]张成兰,艾绍英,杨少海,等.双季稻-绿肥种植系统下长期施肥对赤红壤性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):184-189.
[29]李萍,荀咪,岳松青,等.果园土壤有机碳及呼吸速率对豆科和禾本科草类的差异反应[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):327-332.
[30]杨曾平,徐明岗,聂军,等.长期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻土质量的影响及其评价[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):92-97,102.
[31]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):905-912.
[2]林葆.化肥与无公害农业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[3]García H,JoséL,Murilloamador B,et al.Research advances and prospects on the use of green manures in agriculture[J].Management and Organizational History,2010,6(4):347-366.
[4]曹卫东,黄鸿翔.关于我国恢复和发展绿肥若干问题的思考[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(4):1-3.
[5]焦彬.中国绿肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[6]叶协锋,杨超,李正,等.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.
[7]Larkin R P,Griffin T S,Honeycutt C W.Rotation and cover crop effects on soilborne potato diseases,tuber yield,and soil microbial communities[J].Plant Disease,2010,94(12):1491-1502.
[8]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1161-1167.
[9]苏亚丽,张力君,孙启忠,等.水肥耦合对敖汉苜蓿营养成分的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):821-824.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]王学奎,黄见良.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
[12]刘敏.不同秸秆量与无机肥配施对土壤理化性状和玉米生长的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[13]呼玉峰.水肥耦合对紫云英苗期生物学特性影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[14]李继明,黄庆海,袁天佑,等.长期施用绿肥对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):563-570.
[15]郭云周,尹小怀,王劲松,等.翻压等量绿肥和化肥减量对红壤旱地烤烟产量产值的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(6):811-816.
[16]赵秋,高贤彪,宁晓光,等.华北地区春玉米-冬绿肥轮作对碳、氮蓄积和土壤养分以及微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):1005-1011.
[17]张久东,包兴国,曹卫东,等.长期施用绿肥减施化肥对毛叶苕子产草量和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):66-70.
[18]Canali S,Ciaccia C,Tittarelli F.Soil fertility management in organic potato:The role of green manure and amendment applications[M]∥.Sustainable potato production:Global case studies.Springer Netherlands,2012.
[19]Haque,Mozammel M,Kim,et al.Optimum application level of winter cover crop biomass as green manure;Under considering methane emission and rice productivity in paddy soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(4):487-493.
[20]Snyder E M,Karsten H D,Curran W S,et al.Green manure comparison between winter wheat and corn:Weeds,yields,and economics[J].Agronomy Journal,2016,108(5):2015.
[21]杜威,王紫泉,和文祥,等.豆科绿肥对渭北旱塬土壤养分及生态化学计量学特征影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(4):999-1008.
[22]Pypers P,Bimponda W,Lodi-Lama J P,et al.Combining mineral fertilizer and green manure for increased,profitable cassava production[J].Agronomy Journal,2012,104(1):178.
[23]Bayala J,Sileshi G W,Coe R,et al.Cereal yield response to conservation agriculture practices in drylands of West Africa:A quantitative synthesis[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,78:1-25.
[24]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1151-1160.
[25]Liu M,Hu F,Chen X,et al.Organic amendments with reduced chemical fertilizer promote soil microbial development and nutrient availability in a subtropical paddy field:The influence of quantity,type and application time of organic amendments[J].Applied Soil E-cology,2009,42(2):1-175.
[26]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):126-134.
[27]刘国顺,李正,敬海霞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1472-1478.
[28]张成兰,艾绍英,杨少海,等.双季稻-绿肥种植系统下长期施肥对赤红壤性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):184-189.
[29]李萍,荀咪,岳松青,等.果园土壤有机碳及呼吸速率对豆科和禾本科草类的差异反应[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):327-332.
[30]杨曾平,徐明岗,聂军,等.长期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻土质量的影响及其评价[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):92-97,102.
[31]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):905-912.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |