银川地区地下水水化学特征演化规律及水质评价
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摘要
研究地下水的水化学特征演化规律及水质评价,对地下水水资源保护和可持续开发利用具有重要意义.本文根据银川地区1991—2016年地下水水质监测资料,运用经典统计学、Piper三线图解法、Gibbs图解法、离子比值法对研究区地下水水化学特征及演化规律进行分析,并利用模糊综合评价法对研究区62个水样点进行水质评价.结果表明,26年来研究区地下水化学组分未发生明显变化,为偏碱性硬水.多年地下水中各离子含量排序一致,阳离子含量排序为:Na~+>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>K~+,阴离子含量排序为HCO~-_3> Cl~->SO■.当前银川地区地下水水质基本满足生活饮用水的标准,山前冲洪积平原地区水质良好,丰登镇及北部地区水质最差,部分井孔的TDS大于2000 mg·L~(-1).地下水水质在1996年最差,自2006年以来得到明显改善.研究区地下水化学组分及水质受到水文地质条件、蒸发浓缩作用、岩石风化作用、补给水成分及人类活动的综合影响.
Studying the water chemistry evolution and evaluating groundwater quality are important significant for groundwater resources protection and sustainable development. Based on the groundwater quality monitoring data from 1991 to 2016 in Yinchuan area, we analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in the study area using classical statistics, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, and ion ratio analysis method, and also used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate water quality. The results showed that the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area has not changed significantly in the past 26 years,and it was alkaline water. The concentration of ions in groundwater were steady for many years. The order of cation was: Na~+>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>K~+, and the order of anion was HCO~-_3>Cl~- >SO■. At present, the groundwater in Yinchuan area basically met the standard of drinking water, and the water quality in the alluvial plain was good. The water quality in Fengdeng Town and the northern part was the worst, and TDS of some wells were greater than 2000 mg·L~(-1). Groundwater quality was the worst in 1996 and has improved significantly since 2006. The chemical composition and water quality of groundwater in the study area were affected by hydrogeological conditions, evaporation, rock weathering, recharge water composition and human activities.
Studying the water chemistry evolution and evaluating groundwater quality are important significant for groundwater resources protection and sustainable development. Based on the groundwater quality monitoring data from 1991 to 2016 in Yinchuan area, we analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in the study area using classical statistics, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, and ion ratio analysis method, and also used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate water quality. The results showed that the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area has not changed significantly in the past 26 years,and it was alkaline water. The concentration of ions in groundwater were steady for many years. The order of cation was: Na~+>Mg~(2+)>Ca~(2+)>K~+, and the order of anion was HCO~-_3>Cl~- >SO■. At present, the groundwater in Yinchuan area basically met the standard of drinking water, and the water quality in the alluvial plain was good. The water quality in Fengdeng Town and the northern part was the worst, and TDS of some wells were greater than 2000 mg·L~(-1). Groundwater quality was the worst in 1996 and has improved significantly since 2006. The chemical composition and water quality of groundwater in the study area were affected by hydrogeological conditions, evaporation, rock weathering, recharge water composition and human activities.
引文
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[22] 杨永鹏,陕宁.基于模糊综合评价法的海口地区浅层地下水水质评价[J].地下水,2017,39(4):20-22.YANG Y P,SHAN N.Evaluation of shallow groundwater quality in Haikou based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method[J].Ground water,2017,39(4):20-22 (in Chinese).
[23] HE S,WU J.Hydrogeochemical characteristics,groundwater quality,and health risks from hexavalent chromium and nitrate in groundwater of huanhe formation in Wuqi County,Northwest China[J].Exposure and Health,2019(11):125-137.
[24] 钱会,马致远,李培月,等.水文地球化学 [M].北京:地质出版社,2005:2.QIAN H,MA Z Y,LI P Y,et al.Hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2005:2 (in Chinese).
[25] 黄奇波,覃小群,刘朋雨,等.柳林泉域岩溶地下水区域演化规律及控制因素[J].环境科学,2019,40(5):2132-2142.HUNAG Q B,QIN X Q,LIU P W,et al.Regional evolution and control factors of karst groundwater in Liuling spring catchment [J].Environmental Science,2019,40(5):2132-2142 (in Chinese).
[26] 刘江涛,蔡五田,曹月婷,等.沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及成因分析[J].环境科学,2018,39 (12):5428-5439.LIU J T,CAI W T,CAO Y T,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the origin in alluvial-proluvial fan of Qinhe River[J].Environmental Science,2018,39 (12):5428-5439 (in Chinese).
[27] 张涛,蔡五田,李颖智,等.尼洋河流域水化学特征及其控制因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):93-101.ZHANG T,CAI W T,LI Y Z,et al.Major ionic features and their possible controls in the water of the Niyang River basin [J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):93-101 (in Chinese).
[2] ZHANG X,QIAN H,CHEN J,et al.Assessment of groundwater chemistry and status in a heavily used semi-arid region with multivariate statistical analysis [J].Water,2014,6(8):2212-2232.
[3] NARSIMHA ADIMALLA,LI P,QIAN H.Evaluation of groundwater contamination for fluoride and nitrate in semi-arid region of Nirmal Province,South India:A special emphasis on human health risk assessment (HHRA) [J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2018:1-18.
[4] CHEN J,WU H,QIAN H,et al.Challenges and prospects of sustainable groundwater management in an agricultural plain along the Silk Road Economic Belt,north-west China[J].International Journal of Water Resources Development,2016:354-368.
[5] 党慧慧,董军,岳宁,等.贺兰山以北乌兰布和沙漠地下水水化学特征演化规律研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(3):793-802.DANG H H,DONG J,YUE N,et al.Study of the evolution of hydrochemical properties of groundwater in Ulan Buh Desert in the north of the Helan Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(3):793-802 (in Chinese).
[6] 栾风娇,周金龙,贾瑞亮,等.新疆巴里坤-伊吾盆地地下水水化学特征及成因[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):380-389.LUAN F J,ZHOU J L,JIA R L,et al.Hydrochemical characteristicsand formation mechanism of groundwater in plain areas of Barkol-Yiwu Basin,Xinjiang[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(2):380-389 (in Chinese).
[7] 潘玥,刘勇,徐红霞,等.徐州东部废弃矿井地下水化学及其时空演化特征分析[J].高校地质学报,2018,24(2):257-262.PAN Y,LIU Y,XU H X,et al.Characteristics of groundwater chemistry and its spatio-temporal variation in abandoned mine in eastern Xuzhou[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2018,24(2):257-262 (in Chinese).
[8] 李政葵,夏蔓宏,董少刚,等.洛阳盆地浅层地下水化学特征及其演化特征分析[J].地球与环境,2019,47(1):57-63.LI Z K,XIA M H,DONG S G,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution characteristics of shallow groundwater in the Luoyang Basin[J].Earth and Environment.2019,47(1):57-63 (in Chinese).
[9] QIAN H,LI P.Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Yinchuan plain and their control factors [J].Asian Journal of Chemistry,2011,23(7):2927-2938.
[10] 张未,程东会,齐丽军.吉林省长岭县浅层地下水水文地球化学演化规律分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(5):59-63.ZHANG W,CHENG D H,QI L J.Analysis of evolution law of hydrology and geochemistry of shallow groundwater in Changling county of Jilin Province[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2016,27(5):59-63 (in Chinese).
[11] 林永生,裴建国,杜毓超,等.基于多元统计方法的岩溶地下水化学特征及影响因素分析[J].环境化学,2016,35(11):2394-2401.LIN Y S,PEI J G,DU Y C,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of karst groundwater and their influencing factors based on multiple statistical analysis[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(11):2394-2401 (in Chinese).
[12] 林涛,徐盼盼,钱会,等.黄河宁夏段水质评价及其污染源分析[J].环境化学,2017,36(6):1388-1396.LIN T,XU P P,QIAN H,et al.Assessment of water quality and analysis of pollution source in Ningxia section of the Yellow River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(6):1388-1396 (in Chinese).
[13] 孙亚乔,钱会,张黎,等.银川地区地下水化学特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(3):185-189.SUN Y Q,QIAN H,ZHANG L,et al.The groundwater chemistry characteristics of Yinchuan Region[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(3):185-189 (in Chinese).
[14] QIAN H,LI P,WU J,et al.Isotopic characteristics of precipitation,surface and ground waters in the Yinchuan plain,Northwest China [J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,70(1):57-70.
[15] QIAN H,WU J,ZHOU Y,et al.Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes as indicators of lake water recharge and evaporation in the lakes of the Yinchuan Plain [J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(10):3554-3562.
[16] CHEN J,WU H,QIAN H,et al.Analysis of evolvement for confined water cone of depression and its influence on groundwater resource sustainability in Yinchuan Area [J].Advanced Materials Research,2015,1073-1076(1):1656-1659.
[17] 方华山.银川地区水文地质条件分析及地下水水源地保护区划分[D].西安:长安大学,2009.FANG H S.Analysis of hydrogeology condition and the protection zoning division inYinchuan well head area[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2009 (in Chinese).
[18] 卢慧蛟.银川平原地下水水盐均衡分析及土壤盐渍化防治 [D].西安:长安大学,2010.LU H J.Study on water-salt balance of groundwater in Yinchuan plain and soil salinization control[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2010 (in Chinese).
[19] MARIOS SOPHOCLEOUS.Interactions between groundwater and surface water:The state of the science [J].Hydrogeology Journal,2002,10(2):52-67.
[20] 席文娟,金婧,钱会.改进模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):25-29.XI W J,JIN J,QIAN H.Application of improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to water quality[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2012,23(3):25-29 (in Chinese).
[21] 张洪伟,周添红,张国珍,等.模糊综合评判法在地表水水质评价中的应用[J].地下水,2017,39(1):83-86.ZHANG H W,ZHOU T H,ZHANG G Z,et al.Application of fuzzy cmprehensive evaluation method in surface water quality evaluation[J].Ground water,2017,39(1):83-86 (in Chinese).
[22] 杨永鹏,陕宁.基于模糊综合评价法的海口地区浅层地下水水质评价[J].地下水,2017,39(4):20-22.YANG Y P,SHAN N.Evaluation of shallow groundwater quality in Haikou based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method[J].Ground water,2017,39(4):20-22 (in Chinese).
[23] HE S,WU J.Hydrogeochemical characteristics,groundwater quality,and health risks from hexavalent chromium and nitrate in groundwater of huanhe formation in Wuqi County,Northwest China[J].Exposure and Health,2019(11):125-137.
[24] 钱会,马致远,李培月,等.水文地球化学 [M].北京:地质出版社,2005:2.QIAN H,MA Z Y,LI P Y,et al.Hydrogeochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2005:2 (in Chinese).
[25] 黄奇波,覃小群,刘朋雨,等.柳林泉域岩溶地下水区域演化规律及控制因素[J].环境科学,2019,40(5):2132-2142.HUNAG Q B,QIN X Q,LIU P W,et al.Regional evolution and control factors of karst groundwater in Liuling spring catchment [J].Environmental Science,2019,40(5):2132-2142 (in Chinese).
[26] 刘江涛,蔡五田,曹月婷,等.沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及成因分析[J].环境科学,2018,39 (12):5428-5439.LIU J T,CAI W T,CAO Y T,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the origin in alluvial-proluvial fan of Qinhe River[J].Environmental Science,2018,39 (12):5428-5439 (in Chinese).
[27] 张涛,蔡五田,李颖智,等.尼洋河流域水化学特征及其控制因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):93-101.ZHANG T,CAI W T,LI Y Z,et al.Major ionic features and their possible controls in the water of the Niyang River basin [J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):93-101 (in Chinese).
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