荆江航道整治河段饮用水源水酞酸酯健康风险评价
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摘要
以长江中游荆江航道整治河段范围5处取水口为采样目标,沿相应工程干流采集水样。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS)法和美国环保局推荐健康风险评价法(HRA),分析了5处取水口水中3种酞酸酯(PAEs)的含量及健康风险性。结果表明,荆江河段航道整治范围5处取水口水中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)均可检出,且丰水期仅DEHP含量显著高于枯水期,但含量均未超过中国《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)集中式地表水水源地特定项目标准限值;水中DEHP、DBP、DEP经饮水途径非致癌风险小于1,DEHP致癌风险小于10~(-6),均满足USEPA推荐的健康风险可接受水平(健康风险值小于10~(-6)),亦未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5. 0×10~(-5)a~(-1))。荆江河段航道整治范围饮用水源水中DEHP、DBP、DEP污染风险较小。由于PAEs是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物,在长江水体普遍可检出,存在着一定潜在的风险性,在航道整治过程水源地环境风险管理中需加强监测和防控。
Water samples are collected along the trunk of the corresponding project with the aim of sampling at five water intakes in the regulation section of Jingjiang waterway in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and health risk assessment method of USEPA were used to analyze the content distribution and health risks of three PAEs in the water of five water intakes in high water period and dry water period. The results showed that the Dibutyl( 2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate( DEHP),Di-n-butyl phthalate( DBP) and Diethyl phthalate( DEP) were detected in the water of five intakes of drinking water source within the regulation range of the channel of Jingjiang river reach.The content of DEHP in high water period was significantly higher than that in dry water period. However,the content did not exceed China's Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard( GB 3838—2002). But the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient( HQ) of DEHP,DBP and DEP in intakes of water in Jingjiang waterway engineering water source was <1. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP was <10~(-6). The risk levels of PAEs were not excess of the recommended health risk values by USEPA and ICRP. The pollution risk of DEHP,DBP and DEP in five water intakes of drinking water source was relatively small. PAEs are a typical environmental endocrine disruptor,which can be generally detected in the water of the Yangtze River. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen monitoring,prevention and control in the environmental risk management of water sources in the process of waterway regulation.
Water samples are collected along the trunk of the corresponding project with the aim of sampling at five water intakes in the regulation section of Jingjiang waterway in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and health risk assessment method of USEPA were used to analyze the content distribution and health risks of three PAEs in the water of five water intakes in high water period and dry water period. The results showed that the Dibutyl( 2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate( DEHP),Di-n-butyl phthalate( DBP) and Diethyl phthalate( DEP) were detected in the water of five intakes of drinking water source within the regulation range of the channel of Jingjiang river reach.The content of DEHP in high water period was significantly higher than that in dry water period. However,the content did not exceed China's Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard( GB 3838—2002). But the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient( HQ) of DEHP,DBP and DEP in intakes of water in Jingjiang waterway engineering water source was <1. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP was <10~(-6). The risk levels of PAEs were not excess of the recommended health risk values by USEPA and ICRP. The pollution risk of DEHP,DBP and DEP in five water intakes of drinking water source was relatively small. PAEs are a typical environmental endocrine disruptor,which can be generally detected in the water of the Yangtze River. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen monitoring,prevention and control in the environmental risk management of water sources in the process of waterway regulation.
引文
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[3]BI Bin, LIU Xiaohui, GUO Xiaochun, et al.Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment, And Fish from Dongting Lake,China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,34(25):34 076-34 090.
[4]LI J, MCPHEDRAN K, SZALINSKA E, et al.Characterizing Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure Pathways from Sediment and Water in Aquatic Life Using a Food Web Bioaccumulation Model[J]. Integr Environ Assess Manag,2019,15(3):398-411.
[5]SUN Y X, ZHANG Z W, XU X R, et al.Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Halogenated Organic Pollutants in Mangrove Biota from the Pearl River Estuary,South China[J].Mar Pollut Bull,2015,99(1-2):150-156.
[6]LU H X, MO C H, ZHAO H M, et al. Soil Contamination and Sources of Phthalates and Its Health Risk in China:A Review[J]. Environmental Research,2018,164:417-429.
[7]昌盛，赵兴茹，刘琰，等．滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水中酞酸酯的污染现状与分布特征[J]．环境科学，2016,36(8):3 041-3 048.CHANG Sheng, ZHAO Xingru, LIU Yan, et al.Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Status of Phthalate Ester in the Droundwater of Hutuo River Pluvialfan[J]. Environmental Science,2016,36(8):3041-3048.
[8]ZHANG Z M, ZHANG H H, ZHANG J, et al.Occurrence, Distribution, and Ecological Risks of Phthalate Esters in the Seawater and Sediment of Changjiang River Estuary and Its Adjacent Area[J].Sci Total Environ,2018,619/620:93-102.
[9]贺涛，许振成，魏东洋，等．珠江流域湖库型水源集水区酞酸酯PAEs类污染物环境健康风险评价[J]．生态与农村环境学报，2014,30(6):699-705.HE Tao, XU Zhencheng, WEI Dongyang, et al.Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Phthalic Acid Esters Like Pollutants in Reservoir or Lake Type Water Resource Catchments in the Pearl River Basin[J]. Journal of Eology and Rral Eironment,2014,30(6):699-705.
[10]董磊，汤显强，林莉，等．长江武汉段丰水期水体和沉积物中多环芳烃及邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物污染特征及来源分析[J]．环境科学，2018,39(6):2 588-2 599.DONG Lei,TANG Xianqiang,LIN Li,et al. Pollution Characteristics and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters During High Water Level Periods in the Wuhan Section of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2 588-2 599.
[11]沈扬，冯承莲，艾扬，等．下辽河平原地下水健康风险评价[J]．环境监测管理与技术，2017,29(6):36-40.SHEN Yang,FENG Chenglian,AI Yang,et al. Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Lower Liaohe Plain[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2017,29(6):36-40.
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