管道穿越山地河段冲刷深度计算方法的比较研究
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摘要
管道穿越山区河流河段的埋深设计是工程安全与经济造价的重要问题。当前河床冲刷计算方法众多,而不同计算方法的比较研究较少。本文以常用的一般冲刷、局部冲刷经验公式及非恒定数值模拟技术为基础,分析了某管道穿越河段冲刷特性。结果表明:非恒定流数值模拟方法能较全面反映穿越区域最大冲刷深度的演化过程,规范建议的一般冲刷64-1修正式与局部冲刷65-2式计算的最大冲刷程度与数值模拟结果较为吻合,而局部冲刷65-1式冲刷稍偏小,堤坝局部冲刷式计算偏差较大。
It is quite common that a crossing pipeline was built in a hydraulic project in mountain river. The damages of pipeline engineering due to riverbed scouring at crossing zone occur frequently, which brings about serious aftermath. Riverbed scour mainly are controlled by water velocity and bed materials in river and accordingly empirical formulas considering velocity parameter were proposed and used in practice. However empirical formula to estimate the pipeline scouring has limitation and cannot be applied to all silario. Less work had been done regarding the comparison of different scour depth calculation. And noticeably, a disadvantage of these empirical formula is that they cannot describe the scour process of river bed, in particular, for the unsteady flood process with variable velocity. This paper took a crossing pipeline as an example, and then an unsteady 2 D flow-sediment numerical model with a Meiye-peter bedload transport rate was used to simulate the process of riverbed scour depth by a typical flood, and it demonstrated the changes of riverbed scour depth at the typical pipeline crossing zone by means of several empirical formulas stipulated by codes. The changes of velocity field and scour depth during the whole flood process at pipeline crossing zone were obtained through numerical simulation and the maximum scour depth was determined in the later stage of flood peak. The empirical scouring depth by several formulas could be calculated according to flow velocity and bed material diameter. The results showed that the calculating values of scour depth by the revised formula 64-1 and 65-2 were consistent well with that of the numerical simulation. However, there were median and larger errors by means of equation 65-1 and the dike-dam scour formula. The numerical simulation method introduced by this research can fully interpret the evolution process of scouring depth across a region, and has an important technical support for better understanding of pipeline scouring problem.
It is quite common that a crossing pipeline was built in a hydraulic project in mountain river. The damages of pipeline engineering due to riverbed scouring at crossing zone occur frequently, which brings about serious aftermath. Riverbed scour mainly are controlled by water velocity and bed materials in river and accordingly empirical formulas considering velocity parameter were proposed and used in practice. However empirical formula to estimate the pipeline scouring has limitation and cannot be applied to all silario. Less work had been done regarding the comparison of different scour depth calculation. And noticeably, a disadvantage of these empirical formula is that they cannot describe the scour process of river bed, in particular, for the unsteady flood process with variable velocity. This paper took a crossing pipeline as an example, and then an unsteady 2 D flow-sediment numerical model with a Meiye-peter bedload transport rate was used to simulate the process of riverbed scour depth by a typical flood, and it demonstrated the changes of riverbed scour depth at the typical pipeline crossing zone by means of several empirical formulas stipulated by codes. The changes of velocity field and scour depth during the whole flood process at pipeline crossing zone were obtained through numerical simulation and the maximum scour depth was determined in the later stage of flood peak. The empirical scouring depth by several formulas could be calculated according to flow velocity and bed material diameter. The results showed that the calculating values of scour depth by the revised formula 64-1 and 65-2 were consistent well with that of the numerical simulation. However, there were median and larger errors by means of equation 65-1 and the dike-dam scour formula. The numerical simulation method introduced by this research can fully interpret the evolution process of scouring depth across a region, and has an important technical support for better understanding of pipeline scouring problem.
引文
[1] 黄金池,孟国忠.管道穿河工程水毁灾害分析[J].泥沙研究,1998(2):42-49.[HUANG Jinchi,MENG Guozhong.Analysis on flood damage of crossing river pipeline project[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1998(2):42-49]
[2] 马克锋,孙新军.涩宁兰输气管线黄土高原段的水毁灾害与防治[J].甘肃科学学报,2005,17(2):80-83.[MA Kefeng,SUN Xinjun.Water hazards and their countermeasures for the oil transporting pipelines in loess plateau of Sebei-Xining-Lanzhou[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2005,17(2):80-83]
[3] 李亮亮,邓清禄,余伟,等.长输油气管道河沟段水毁危害特征与防护结构[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):945-949.[LI Liangliang,DENG Qinglu,YU Wei,et al.The water damage hazard characteristics of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in river sections and protective structures[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(12):945-949]
[4] JTG C30-2002.公路工程水文勘测设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.[JTG C30-2002.Specification for Hydrological Survey and Design of Highway Engineering[S].Beijing:People’s Transport Press,2002]
[5] GB50286-98.堤防工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998.[[5] GB50286-98.Code for Design of Emban kment Engineering [S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1998]
[6] 秦毅,钱善琪,王冰怀,等.高含沙河流管道穿越冲深设计与计算[J].油气储运,2001,20(4):23-27.[QIN Yi,QIAN Shanqi,WANG Binhuai,et al.Approach to design scouring depth for pipeline works through full-loaded river [J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2001,20(4):23-27]
[7] 程尊兰,游勇,吴积善.川藏公路尼洋河下游宽浅游荡型河段水毁路基防护试点工程.山地学报,2004,22(4):472-476.[ CHENG Zunlan,YOU Yong,WU Jishan.Prevention works of roadbed water-damage along meandering channels in Tibet—A case study in Sichun-Tibet highway in the lower Niyang river [J].Mountain Research,2004,22(4):472-476]
[8] DEY S,SINGH N P.Clear-water scour depth below underwater pipelines[J].Journal of Hydro-Environmental Research,2007,2(1):157-162.
[9] 宿星,杨涛,郭定一,等.输气管道穿河段水工保护工程埋深问题探讨[J].甘肃科学学报,2008,20(4):78-81.[SU Xing,YANG Tao,GUO Dingyi,et al.Discussion on depth of foundation to hydraulic protection project [J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2008,20(4):78-81]
[10] ZHAO Ming,CHENG Liang.Numerical investigation of local scour below a vibrating pipeline under steady currents[J].Coastal Engineering,2010(57):397-406.
[11] 史英标,柳崇敏,曹颖,等.钱江通道段河床最大冲刷深度的综合分析[J].泥沙研究,2011(4):51-58.[SHI Yingbiao,LIU Chongmin,CAO Ying,et al.Study of scour depth in river reach of qianjiang tunnel across qiantang estuary [J].Journal of Sediment Research,2011(4):51-58]
[12] YANG Lipeng,SHI Bing,GUO Yakun,et al.Calculation and experiment on scour depth for submarine pipeline with a spoiler[J].Ocean Engineering,2012(55):191-198.
[13] 梁光川,华兰.山区季节性河流水毁露管段整治措施[J].管道技术与设备.2014(2):31-32.[LIANG Guangchuan,HUA Lan.Remediation measures for exposed pipeline caused by mountainous seasonal flood [J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2014(2):31-32]
[14] 孙志忠,张满银,谢荣,等.长输管道河沟道水毁危害探析[J].防灾科学学院学报,2015,17(3):56-61.[SUN Zhizhong,ZHANG Manyin,XIE Rong,et al.Research on waterlogging hazards of long-distance pipeline [J].Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention,2015,17(3):56-61]
[15] 王仁超,孔纪名,崔云.西南山区长输油气管道坡面泥石流成灾特征与防治——以云南昆明水节箐高位溃决型泥石流为例 [J].山地学报,2018,36(5):813-820.[WANG Renchao,KONG Jiming,CUI Yun.Characteristics and countermeasures of slope debris flow in Kunming of Yunnan Province of China [J].Mountain Research,2018,36(5):813-820]
[16] 张乃丰,李倩玉.电力管道穿越河道的防洪影响评价分析[J].中国水运,2018,18(3):184-185.[ZHANG Naifeng,LI Qianyu.Evaluation and analysis of flood control impact of power pipeline crossing river [J].China Water Transport,2018,18(3):184-185]
[17] 赵小娥,陈春燕,王协康,等.溃堤洪水及冲刷坑的平面二维数值模拟[G]//中国水利学会2013学术年会论文集——S3防汛抗旱减灾.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:1163-1167.[ZHAO Xiao’e,CHEN Chunyan,WANG Xiekang,et al.2-D numerical simulation of dike-break flood and scour pit [G]// S3 Flood Control,Drought Relief and Disaster Reduction,2013 CHES annual conference.Beijing:China Waterpower Press,2013:1163-1167]
[18] GB50423-2007.油气输送管道穿越工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.[GB50423-2007.Code for Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Crossing Engineering [S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2007]
[2] 马克锋,孙新军.涩宁兰输气管线黄土高原段的水毁灾害与防治[J].甘肃科学学报,2005,17(2):80-83.[MA Kefeng,SUN Xinjun.Water hazards and their countermeasures for the oil transporting pipelines in loess plateau of Sebei-Xining-Lanzhou[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2005,17(2):80-83]
[3] 李亮亮,邓清禄,余伟,等.长输油气管道河沟段水毁危害特征与防护结构[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):945-949.[LI Liangliang,DENG Qinglu,YU Wei,et al.The water damage hazard characteristics of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in river sections and protective structures[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(12):945-949]
[4] JTG C30-2002.公路工程水文勘测设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.[JTG C30-2002.Specification for Hydrological Survey and Design of Highway Engineering[S].Beijing:People’s Transport Press,2002]
[5] GB50286-98.堤防工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998.[[5] GB50286-98.Code for Design of Emban kment Engineering [S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1998]
[6] 秦毅,钱善琪,王冰怀,等.高含沙河流管道穿越冲深设计与计算[J].油气储运,2001,20(4):23-27.[QIN Yi,QIAN Shanqi,WANG Binhuai,et al.Approach to design scouring depth for pipeline works through full-loaded river [J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2001,20(4):23-27]
[7] 程尊兰,游勇,吴积善.川藏公路尼洋河下游宽浅游荡型河段水毁路基防护试点工程.山地学报,2004,22(4):472-476.[ CHENG Zunlan,YOU Yong,WU Jishan.Prevention works of roadbed water-damage along meandering channels in Tibet—A case study in Sichun-Tibet highway in the lower Niyang river [J].Mountain Research,2004,22(4):472-476]
[8] DEY S,SINGH N P.Clear-water scour depth below underwater pipelines[J].Journal of Hydro-Environmental Research,2007,2(1):157-162.
[9] 宿星,杨涛,郭定一,等.输气管道穿河段水工保护工程埋深问题探讨[J].甘肃科学学报,2008,20(4):78-81.[SU Xing,YANG Tao,GUO Dingyi,et al.Discussion on depth of foundation to hydraulic protection project [J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2008,20(4):78-81]
[10] ZHAO Ming,CHENG Liang.Numerical investigation of local scour below a vibrating pipeline under steady currents[J].Coastal Engineering,2010(57):397-406.
[11] 史英标,柳崇敏,曹颖,等.钱江通道段河床最大冲刷深度的综合分析[J].泥沙研究,2011(4):51-58.[SHI Yingbiao,LIU Chongmin,CAO Ying,et al.Study of scour depth in river reach of qianjiang tunnel across qiantang estuary [J].Journal of Sediment Research,2011(4):51-58]
[12] YANG Lipeng,SHI Bing,GUO Yakun,et al.Calculation and experiment on scour depth for submarine pipeline with a spoiler[J].Ocean Engineering,2012(55):191-198.
[13] 梁光川,华兰.山区季节性河流水毁露管段整治措施[J].管道技术与设备.2014(2):31-32.[LIANG Guangchuan,HUA Lan.Remediation measures for exposed pipeline caused by mountainous seasonal flood [J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2014(2):31-32]
[14] 孙志忠,张满银,谢荣,等.长输管道河沟道水毁危害探析[J].防灾科学学院学报,2015,17(3):56-61.[SUN Zhizhong,ZHANG Manyin,XIE Rong,et al.Research on waterlogging hazards of long-distance pipeline [J].Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention,2015,17(3):56-61]
[15] 王仁超,孔纪名,崔云.西南山区长输油气管道坡面泥石流成灾特征与防治——以云南昆明水节箐高位溃决型泥石流为例 [J].山地学报,2018,36(5):813-820.[WANG Renchao,KONG Jiming,CUI Yun.Characteristics and countermeasures of slope debris flow in Kunming of Yunnan Province of China [J].Mountain Research,2018,36(5):813-820]
[16] 张乃丰,李倩玉.电力管道穿越河道的防洪影响评价分析[J].中国水运,2018,18(3):184-185.[ZHANG Naifeng,LI Qianyu.Evaluation and analysis of flood control impact of power pipeline crossing river [J].China Water Transport,2018,18(3):184-185]
[17] 赵小娥,陈春燕,王协康,等.溃堤洪水及冲刷坑的平面二维数值模拟[G]//中国水利学会2013学术年会论文集——S3防汛抗旱减灾.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:1163-1167.[ZHAO Xiao’e,CHEN Chunyan,WANG Xiekang,et al.2-D numerical simulation of dike-break flood and scour pit [G]// S3 Flood Control,Drought Relief and Disaster Reduction,2013 CHES annual conference.Beijing:China Waterpower Press,2013:1163-1167]
[18] GB50423-2007.油气输送管道穿越工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.[GB50423-2007.Code for Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Crossing Engineering [S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2007]
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