洞庭湖湖区最低生态水位的确定
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摘要
为确定洞庭湖湖区最低生态水位,针对洞庭湖湖区复杂、不同湖区差异较大的问题,基于城陵矶、鹿角、南嘴、小河嘴和杨柳潭5个水文站1953—2013年的水文资料,采用天然水位资料法、年保证率法、最低年平均水位法、生态水位法、湖泊形态分析法及最小空间需求法,分别对东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖的最低生态水位进行了计算,并与前人关于洞庭湖生态水位的研究成果进行了对比分析。结果表明:东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖的最低生态水位分别为22.62 m、27.19 m和28.11 m,相应的湖面面积分别为373.85 km~2、406.88 km~2和142.19 km~2,从保护洞庭湖自然保护区的角度看,确定的最低水位是合理的。
In order to determine the lowest ecological water level in the Dongting Lake area, the complexity of the Dongting Lake area and the great differences between different lake areas were studied. Based on the hydrological data of five hydrological stations, Chenglingji, Lujiao, Nanzui, Xiaohezui and Yangliutan, from 1953 to 2013, the natural water level data method, annual guarantee rate method, minimum annual average water level method, ecological water level method, lake morphology analysis method and minimum spatial demand were adopted. The lowest ecological water levels of East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake were calculated, and compared with the previous research results on ecological water levels of Dongting Lake. The results show that the lowest ecological water levels of East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake are 22.62 m, 27.19 m and 28.11 m, respectively, and the corresponding lake surface areas are 373.85 km~2, 406.88 km~2 and 142.19 km~2, respectively. From the point of view of protecting the Dongting Lake Nature Reserve, the lowest water level determined is reasonable.
In order to determine the lowest ecological water level in the Dongting Lake area, the complexity of the Dongting Lake area and the great differences between different lake areas were studied. Based on the hydrological data of five hydrological stations, Chenglingji, Lujiao, Nanzui, Xiaohezui and Yangliutan, from 1953 to 2013, the natural water level data method, annual guarantee rate method, minimum annual average water level method, ecological water level method, lake morphology analysis method and minimum spatial demand were adopted. The lowest ecological water levels of East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake were calculated, and compared with the previous research results on ecological water levels of Dongting Lake. The results show that the lowest ecological water levels of East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake are 22.62 m, 27.19 m and 28.11 m, respectively, and the corresponding lake surface areas are 373.85 km~2, 406.88 km~2 and 142.19 km~2, respectively. From the point of view of protecting the Dongting Lake Nature Reserve, the lowest water level determined is reasonable.
引文
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[18] 巩琳琳,黄强,薛小杰,等.基于生态保护目标的乌梁素海生态需水研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(6):83-88.(GONG Linlin,HUANG Qiang,XUE Xiaojie,et al.The research of ecological water demand of Ulansuhai Nur based on the ecological protection targets[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(6):83-88.(in Chinese))
[19] 黎磊,张笑辰,秦海明,等.食块茎水鸟及水位对沙湖沉水植物冬芽分布的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):661-669.(LI Lei,ZHANG Xiaochen,QIN Haiming,et al.Effects of tuber-feeding waterbird guild and water level fluctuation on tuber distribution of submerged macrophytes in Shahu Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(3):661-669.(in Chinese))
[20] 唐玥,谢永宏,李峰,等.1989—2011年东洞庭湖草洲出露面积变化及其与水位响应的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3229-3236.(TANG Yue,XIE Yonghong,LI Feng,et al.Area changes of emergent herbaceous wetlands in relation to water level in East Dongting Lake,China in 1989-2011[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(11):3229-3236.(in Chinese))
[21] 刘晓群,戴斌祥.三峡水库运行以来洞庭湖水文条件变化与对策[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):25-31.(LIU Xiaoqun,DAI Binxiang.Variation of hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake and corresponding countermeasure analysis after operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(6):25-31.(in Chinese))
[22] 崔保山,赵翔,杨志峰.基于生态水文学原理的湖泊最小生态需水量计算[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1788-1795.(CUI Baoshan,ZHAO Xiang,YANG Zhifeng.Eco-hydrology-based calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement for lakes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1788-1795.(in Chinese))
[23] 赵翔,崔保山,杨志峰.白洋淀最低生态水位研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1033-1040.(ZHAO Xiang,CUI Baoshan,YANG Zhifeng.A study of the lowest ecological water level of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(5):1033-1040.(in Chinese))
[24] 程俊翔,徐力刚,吴睿,等.东洞庭湖最低生态水位研究[J].江西科学,2015,33(6):932-937.(CHENG Junxiang,XU Ligang,WU Rui,et al.Study on the lowest ecological water level of East Dongting Lake[J].Jiangxi Science,2015,33(6):932-937.(in Chinese))
[25] 黄菊梅,邹用昌,彭嘉栋,等.1960—2011年洞庭湖区年降水量变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(6):81-86.(HUANG Jumei,ZOU Yongchang,PENG Jiadong,et al.Variation characteristics of annual precipitation from 1960 to 2011 in Dongting Lake area[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2013,29(6):81-86.(in Chinese))
[26] ZHANG Chang,YUAN Yujie,ZENG Guangming,et al.Influence of hydrological regime and climatic factor on waterbird abundance in Dongting Lake Wetland,China:implications for biological conservation[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,90:473-481.
[27] 余勋.洞庭湖不确定性水质评价及生态水位研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.
[2] YIN Xin’an,YANG Zhifeng.A method to assess the alteration of water-level-fluctuation patterns in lakes[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:2427-2436.
[3] WANTZEN K M,ROTHAUPT K,M?RTL M,et al.Ecological effects of water-level fluctuations in lakes:an urgent issue[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,613(1):1-4.
[4] BAIRD A J,WILBY R L.Eco-hydrology:plants and water in terrestrial and aquatic environments[M].New York:Routledge,1999.
[5] TILLEY D R,BADRINARAYANAN H,ROSATI R,et al.Constructed wetlands as recirculation filters in large-scale shrimp aquaculture[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2002,26(2):81-109.
[6] COOPS H,HOSPER S H.Water-level management as a tool for the restoration of shallow lakes in the Netherlands[J].Lake and Reservoir Management,2002,18(4):293-298.
[7] HOFMANN H,LORKE A,PEETERS F.Temporal scales of water-level fluctuations in lakes and their ecological implications[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,613(1):85-96.
[8] SUTELA T,VEHANEN T.Effects of water-level regulation on the nearshore fish community in boreal lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,613(1):13-20.
[9] 徐志侠,王浩,唐克旺,等.吞吐型湖泊最小生态需水研究[J].资源科学,2005,27(3):140-144.(XU Zhixia,WANG Hao,TANG Kewang,et al.Minimum ecological water requirements for lakes taking in-sending out water[J].Resources Science,2005,27(3):140-144.(in Chinese))
[10] 徐志侠,王浩,董增川,等.南四湖湖区最小生态需水研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(7):784-788.(XU Zhixia,WANG Hao,DONG Zengchuan,et al.Minimum ecological water requirement for Nansi Lake[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(7):784-788.(in Chinese))
[11] 衷平,杨志峰,崔保山,等.白洋淀湿地生态环境需水量研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(8):1119-1126.(ZHONG Ping,YANG Zhifeng,CUI Baoshan,et al.Studies on water resource requirement for eco-environmental use of the Baiyangdian Wetland[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(8):1119-1126.(in Chinese))
[12] 淦峰,唐琳,郭怀成,等.湖泊生态水位计算新方法与应用[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):783-790.(GAN Feng,TANG Lin,GUO Huaicheng,et al.New method and application of estimating ecological water level of the Lake Poyang[J].Journal of Lake Science,2015,27(5):783-790.(in Chinese))
[13] 梁婕,彭也茹,郭生练,等.基于水文变异的东洞庭湖湿地生态水位研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):330-334.(LIANG Jie,PENG Yeru,GUO Shenglian,et al.Determination of ecological water-level in the Eastern Lake Dongting with hydrological alterations[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(3):330-334.(in Chinese))
[14] LIANG Jie,YU Xun,ZENG Guangming,et al.A hydrologic index based method for determining ecologically acceptable water-level range of Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Limnology,2015,74(1):75-84.
[15] 谢永宏,李峰,陈心胜.洞庭湖最小生态需水量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(1):64-70.(XIE Yonghong,LI Feng,CHEN Xinsheng.Study on the minimum ecological water demand for the Dongting Lake[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(1):64-70.(in Chinese))
[16] SHANG Songhao.Lake surface area method to define minimum ecological lake level from level-area-storage curves[J].Journal of Arid Land,2013,5(2):133-142.
[17] 孟凡志,赵艳波,崔玉玲.兴凯湖生态水位分析[J].水资源保护,2008,24(6):46-48.(MENG Fanzhi,ZHAO Yanbo,CUI Yuling.Analysis of ecological water level of Xingkai Lake[J] Water Resources Protection,2008,24(6):46-48.(in Chinese))
[18] 巩琳琳,黄强,薛小杰,等.基于生态保护目标的乌梁素海生态需水研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(6):83-88.(GONG Linlin,HUANG Qiang,XUE Xiaojie,et al.The research of ecological water demand of Ulansuhai Nur based on the ecological protection targets[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(6):83-88.(in Chinese))
[19] 黎磊,张笑辰,秦海明,等.食块茎水鸟及水位对沙湖沉水植物冬芽分布的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):661-669.(LI Lei,ZHANG Xiaochen,QIN Haiming,et al.Effects of tuber-feeding waterbird guild and water level fluctuation on tuber distribution of submerged macrophytes in Shahu Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(3):661-669.(in Chinese))
[20] 唐玥,谢永宏,李峰,等.1989—2011年东洞庭湖草洲出露面积变化及其与水位响应的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3229-3236.(TANG Yue,XIE Yonghong,LI Feng,et al.Area changes of emergent herbaceous wetlands in relation to water level in East Dongting Lake,China in 1989-2011[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(11):3229-3236.(in Chinese))
[21] 刘晓群,戴斌祥.三峡水库运行以来洞庭湖水文条件变化与对策[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):25-31.(LIU Xiaoqun,DAI Binxiang.Variation of hydrological conditions of Dongting Lake and corresponding countermeasure analysis after operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(6):25-31.(in Chinese))
[22] 崔保山,赵翔,杨志峰.基于生态水文学原理的湖泊最小生态需水量计算[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1788-1795.(CUI Baoshan,ZHAO Xiang,YANG Zhifeng.Eco-hydrology-based calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement for lakes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1788-1795.(in Chinese))
[23] 赵翔,崔保山,杨志峰.白洋淀最低生态水位研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1033-1040.(ZHAO Xiang,CUI Baoshan,YANG Zhifeng.A study of the lowest ecological water level of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(5):1033-1040.(in Chinese))
[24] 程俊翔,徐力刚,吴睿,等.东洞庭湖最低生态水位研究[J].江西科学,2015,33(6):932-937.(CHENG Junxiang,XU Ligang,WU Rui,et al.Study on the lowest ecological water level of East Dongting Lake[J].Jiangxi Science,2015,33(6):932-937.(in Chinese))
[25] 黄菊梅,邹用昌,彭嘉栋,等.1960—2011年洞庭湖区年降水量变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(6):81-86.(HUANG Jumei,ZOU Yongchang,PENG Jiadong,et al.Variation characteristics of annual precipitation from 1960 to 2011 in Dongting Lake area[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2013,29(6):81-86.(in Chinese))
[26] ZHANG Chang,YUAN Yujie,ZENG Guangming,et al.Influence of hydrological regime and climatic factor on waterbird abundance in Dongting Lake Wetland,China:implications for biological conservation[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,90:473-481.
[27] 余勋.洞庭湖不确定性水质评价及生态水位研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.
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