低碳示范社区建设路径探索
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摘要
低碳社区建设是促进城市可持续发展的重要举措,也是探索新型低碳发展模式的必由之路。以丹麦、英国、瑞典为代表的欧洲国家,在低碳社区建设方面已取得了一定的成熟经验。与发达国家相比,国内低碳社区建设起步较晚,仍存在缺乏统一的规划设计标准,缺少对各低碳要素和环节的全盘考虑,某些社区基础设施建设投资过高,部分示范社区未能将各项低碳政策和技术落实到实处,社区居民低碳价值观念滞后,低碳认知形成和生活方式转变尚需时间,社区委员会的角色还未从"管理者"转变成"服务者"等问题。由于国内外在许多方面都存在较大差异,因此需要探索适合中国国情的低碳社区建设路径,具体包括社区规划、低碳交通、低碳建筑、新能源利用、水资源综合利用、废弃物处理等方面的技术要点。同时应明确政府部门、开发商、物业管理公司和社区居民等实施主体的责任,构建社区低碳制度,培育低碳生活方式和低碳文化氛围,并开展相关理论和系统完整的指标评价体系研究。
The construction of low carbon community is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of cities and the only way to explore new low carbon development models.European countries rep-resented by Denmark,the United Kingdom and Sweden have gained some mature experience in the construction of low carbon communities.Compared with developed countries,the construction of low carbon community started late in China and still had many problems such as the lack of unified standards for planning and design,the lack of overall consideration for various low carbon elements and links,the high infrastructure construction investment of some communities,the failure of some demonstration communities to implement low carbon policies and technologies,the backward low carbon values of community residents,the time needed for the formation of low carbon cognition and the change of lifestyle,and the necessity for community committee to change its role from manager to server.Since there are great differences between China and developed countries in many aspects,it is necessary to explore low carbon community construction paths suitable for China′s national conditions,including the technical points of community planning, low carbon transportation,low carbon building,utilization of renewable energy,comprehensive utilization of water resources and waste treatment.Meanwhile,the responsibilities of government departments,developers,property management companies and community residents shall be clarified,the low carbon community system shall be established,the low carbon lifestyle and low carbon cultural atmosphere shall be fostered,and the researches on relevant theories and systematic and complete index evaluation system shall be carried out.
The construction of low carbon community is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of cities and the only way to explore new low carbon development models.European countries rep-resented by Denmark,the United Kingdom and Sweden have gained some mature experience in the construction of low carbon communities.Compared with developed countries,the construction of low carbon community started late in China and still had many problems such as the lack of unified standards for planning and design,the lack of overall consideration for various low carbon elements and links,the high infrastructure construction investment of some communities,the failure of some demonstration communities to implement low carbon policies and technologies,the backward low carbon values of community residents,the time needed for the formation of low carbon cognition and the change of lifestyle,and the necessity for community committee to change its role from manager to server.Since there are great differences between China and developed countries in many aspects,it is necessary to explore low carbon community construction paths suitable for China′s national conditions,including the technical points of community planning, low carbon transportation,low carbon building,utilization of renewable energy,comprehensive utilization of water resources and waste treatment.Meanwhile,the responsibilities of government departments,developers,property management companies and community residents shall be clarified,the low carbon community system shall be established,the low carbon lifestyle and low carbon cultural atmosphere shall be fostered,and the researches on relevant theories and systematic and complete index evaluation system shall be carried out.
引文
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[26]LV Yuexia,BI Jinpeng,YAN Jinyue.State of the Art in Low Carbon Community[J].International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment,2018,19(3/4):175-200.
[2]黄文娟,葛幼松,周权平.低碳城市社区规划研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(11):5968-5970,5972.
[3]王晶晶.我国的城市低碳社区研究逻辑与展望[J].城市,2018(3):48-58.
[4]王梓晨.碳排放量化视角下的低碳社区规划思考[J].安徽建筑,2018,24(1):43-46,78.
[5]石龙宇,许通,高莉洁,等.可持续框架下的城市低碳社区[J].生态学报,2018,38(14):5170-5177.
[6]何明伦.我国低碳社区建设问题分析及建议——基于集体行动理论的视角[J].城市开发,2016(4):82-83.
[7]王晓璐,张艳.国内外低碳社区理论发展及启示[J].上海节能,2018(11):830-837.
[8]林青青,吴晶霞,汪洋.基于SMART原则的低碳社区评价——以武汉万科红郡社区为例[J].华中建筑,2015(9):52-55.
[9]苏俐雅.丹麦低碳社区的可持续发展实践[J].世界环境,2015(5):32-33.
[10]孙存周,刘军芳,张国亮.低碳城市发展模式与建设途径[J].创新科技,2010(12):26-27.
[11]郑伊天.探究低碳经济的理论基础及发展理念——以英国贝丁顿低碳社区建设为例[J].低碳世界,2016(32):233-234.
[12]夏菁,黄作栋.英国贝丁顿零能耗发展项目[J].世界建筑,2004(8):76-79.
[13]杨珂.哈马碧滨水新城——可持续发展社区的典范[J].环境教育,2009(9):47-50.
[14]丁言强,牛犇,吴翔东.哈马碧生态循环模式及其启示[J].生态经济,2009(6):179-182.
[15]王东明.上海东滩生态城规划案例借鉴与研究[J].科技信息,2013(5):433,461.
[16]郭思.临港新城低碳城市实践区的发展模式探讨[J].中国城市研究,2011,6(2):69-80.
[17]西伟力,邵超峰.中新天津生态城可持续发展建设经验分析及示范推广路径研究[J].可持续发展,2015,5(4):107-112.
[18]王爱民.王浩书记:曹妃甸要加快建设宜居宜业宜游的现代化滨海新城[N].唐山日报,2018-10-25.
[19]太阳星城[J].城市住宅,2011(6):71.
[20]RUAN Yingjun,CAO Jiahui,FENG Fan,et al.The Role of Occupant Behavior in Low Carbon Oriented Residential Community Planning:A Case Study in Qingdao[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,139:385-394.
[21]CHANG Yuan,RIES R J,WANG Yaowu.Life-cycle Energy of Residential Buildings in China[J].Energy Policy,2013,62:656-664.
[22]CHEN Xi,SHUAI Chenyang,CHEN Zhenhao,et al.What are the Root Causes Hindering the Implementation of Green Roofs in Urban China?[J].Science of The Total Environment,2019,654:742-750.
[23]LV Yuexia,SI Pengfei,RONG Xiangyang,et al.Determination of Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation for Solar Collectors based on Effective Solar Heat Collection[J].Applied Energy,2018,219:11-19.
[24]SARETTA E,CAPUTO P,FRONTINI F.A Review Study about Energy Renovation of Building Facades with BIPV in Urban Environment[J].Sustainable Cities and Society,2019,44:343-355.
[25]BONG C P-C,GOH R K Y,LIM J-S,et al.Towards Low Carbon Society in Iskandar Malaysia:Implementation and Feasibility of Community Organic Waste Composting[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,203:679-687.
[26]LV Yuexia,BI Jinpeng,YAN Jinyue.State of the Art in Low Carbon Community[J].International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment,2018,19(3/4):175-200.
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