喷施不同化学制剂对高温胁迫水稻干物质积累与碳氮代谢的影响
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摘要
以陵两优268为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,在水稻拔节末期连续3 d对叶片分别喷施22.04 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾(KH_2PO_4)溶液和20.0 mmol/L的氯化钙(CaCl_2)溶液,以喷施蒸馏水为对照,然后利用人工气候箱进行5 d高温处理(6∶00—18∶00,40℃±0.5℃/18∶00—次日6∶00,30℃±0.5℃,日平均气温为35℃),在高温处理5 d期间和高温处理结束5 d后分别测定水稻剑叶光合速率、叶片和茎秆的干物质量、含氮量和可溶性糖含量,成熟时测定产量,以探讨不同化学制剂对高温胁迫水稻干物质积累与碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明,在高温胁迫下和高温结束后的恢复过程,喷施2种化学制剂皆可提高水稻剑叶的光合速率和蒸腾速率,提高水稻叶片和茎秆的干物质量、含氮量和可溶性糖含量;喷施2种化学制剂均能提高水稻的穗粒数和结实率,每穗粒数分别比对照多21.00粒和18.66粒,结实率分别高10.83%和5.90%,穗粒重分别高0.44 g和0.36 g。喷施22.04 mmol/L KH_2PO_4溶液的处理提高水稻抗高温胁迫能力效果要好于喷施20.0 mmol/L CaCl_2溶液的处理。
Rice variety of Lingliangyou 268 was used for pot experiment in this research. The rice leaves was sprayed with two concentrations chemical agents, which were 22.04 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH_2 PO_4)solution and 20.00 mmol/L calcium chloride(CaCl_2)solution respectively, at the late booting stage for 3 days, and spraying distilled water as the control. Heat stress was conducted in artificial climate chamber for 5 days after spraying. The daily average temperature of artificial climate chamber was regulated at 35℃ by setting 40℃±0.5℃ from 6∶00 to 18∶00, and 30℃±0.5℃ from 18∶00 to 6∶00 of the next day. The photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, dry matter accumulation,nitrogen content and soluble sugar content of leaves and stems were measured two times, which were 5 th day during heat stress and 5 th day after heat stress finished respectively; the yield was measured at maturity stage, to study the effects of the two chemical agents on dry matter accumulation and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of rice under heat stress condition.The results showed that the two chemical agents improved photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of flag leaf, increased dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content and soluble sugar content of leaves and stems. The two chemical agents increased the grains per panicle, seed setting rate and grain weight per panicle of rice. The grains per panicle was 21.00 and 18.66 higher than CK, the seed setting rate was 10.83% and 5.90% higher than CK, grain weight per panicle weight was 0.44 g and 0.36 g higher than CK, respectively.The ability to resist heat stress for rice after spraying 22.04 mmol/L KH_2 PO_4 were better than that of spraying 20.00 mmol/L CaCl_2.
Rice variety of Lingliangyou 268 was used for pot experiment in this research. The rice leaves was sprayed with two concentrations chemical agents, which were 22.04 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH_2 PO_4)solution and 20.00 mmol/L calcium chloride(CaCl_2)solution respectively, at the late booting stage for 3 days, and spraying distilled water as the control. Heat stress was conducted in artificial climate chamber for 5 days after spraying. The daily average temperature of artificial climate chamber was regulated at 35℃ by setting 40℃±0.5℃ from 6∶00 to 18∶00, and 30℃±0.5℃ from 18∶00 to 6∶00 of the next day. The photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, dry matter accumulation,nitrogen content and soluble sugar content of leaves and stems were measured two times, which were 5 th day during heat stress and 5 th day after heat stress finished respectively; the yield was measured at maturity stage, to study the effects of the two chemical agents on dry matter accumulation and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of rice under heat stress condition.The results showed that the two chemical agents improved photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of flag leaf, increased dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content and soluble sugar content of leaves and stems. The two chemical agents increased the grains per panicle, seed setting rate and grain weight per panicle of rice. The grains per panicle was 21.00 and 18.66 higher than CK, the seed setting rate was 10.83% and 5.90% higher than CK, grain weight per panicle weight was 0.44 g and 0.36 g higher than CK, respectively.The ability to resist heat stress for rice after spraying 22.04 mmol/L KH_2 PO_4 were better than that of spraying 20.00 mmol/L CaCl_2.
引文
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[21]郑炳松,蒋德安,翁晓燕,等.钾营养对水稻剑叶光合作用关键酶活性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2001,27(5):489-494.
[22] YANG X E, LIU J X, WANG W M, et al. Potassium internal use efficiency relative to growth vigor, potassium distribution, and carbohydrate allocation in rice genotypes[J]. J Plant Nutr, 2004, 27(5):837-852.
[23] KINOSHITA T, NISHIMURA M, SHIMAZAKI K. Cytosolic concentration of Ca2+regulates the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells of Fava bean[J]. Plant Cell, 1995,(8):1 333-1 342.
[2]高素华,王培娟.长江中下游高温热害及对水稻的影响[M].北京:气象出版社,2009.
[3]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,等.高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及花药显微结构的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1 090-1 098.
[4]郑建初,盛婧,汤日圣,等.南京和安庆地区高温发生规律及高温对水稻结实率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(1):1-4.
[5] CRAFTS-BRANDNER S J, SALVUCCI M E. Rubisco activase constrains the photosynthetic potential of leaves at high temperature and CO2[J]. PNAS, 2000, 97(24):13 430-13 435.
[6]杨再强,李伶俐,殷剑敏,等.灌浆初期不同时长高温胁迫对早稻叶片光合和荧光参数的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):80-84.
[7]汤日圣,郑建初,陈留根,等.高温对杂交水稻籽粒灌浆和剑叶某些生理特性的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(6):657-662.
[8]江晓东,姜琳琳,华梦飞,等.喷施不同化学制剂对水稻叶片抗高温胁迫的效果分析[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(2):92-99.
[9]谢晓金,李秉柏,李映雪,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成要素和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):411-415.
[10] PENG S, HUANG J, SHEEHY J E, et al. Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming[J]. PNAS, 2004, 101(27):9 971-9 975.
[11] NAGARAJAN S, JAGADISH S V K, PRASAD A S H, et al. Local climate affects growth, yield and grain quality of aromatic and nonaromatic rice in northwestern India[J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2010,138(3):274-281.
[12]吴晨阳,陈丹,罗海伟,等.外源硅对花期高温胁迫下杂交水稻授粉结实特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3 113-3 122.
[13]汤日圣,张大栋,童红玉.高温胁迫对稻苗某些生理指标的影响及ABA和6-BA对其的调节[J].江苏农业学报,2005,21(3):145-149.
[14]高臣,刘俊渤,常海波,等.硅对水稻叶片光合特性和超微结构的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2011,33(1):1-4.
[15]中华人民共和国统计局. 2017中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[16]张倩,赵艳霞,王春乙.长江中下游地区高温热害对水稻的影响[J].灾害学,2011,26(4):57-62.
[17]江敏,金之庆,石春林,等.长江中下游地区水稻孕穗开花期高温发生规律及其对产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):649-656.
[18]谭诗琪,申双和.长江中下游地区近32年水稻高温热害分布规律[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):97-101.
[19]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[20]潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].七版.北京:高等教育出版社.
[21]郑炳松,蒋德安,翁晓燕,等.钾营养对水稻剑叶光合作用关键酶活性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2001,27(5):489-494.
[22] YANG X E, LIU J X, WANG W M, et al. Potassium internal use efficiency relative to growth vigor, potassium distribution, and carbohydrate allocation in rice genotypes[J]. J Plant Nutr, 2004, 27(5):837-852.
[23] KINOSHITA T, NISHIMURA M, SHIMAZAKI K. Cytosolic concentration of Ca2+regulates the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells of Fava bean[J]. Plant Cell, 1995,(8):1 333-1 342.
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