浅埋近距离房式采空区下应力场分析及动压机理研究
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摘要
针对因房式采空区煤柱留设情况复杂,煤柱底板应力传递相互叠加,周期来压异常,霍洛湾煤矿3-1煤层过上覆2-2煤层房式采空区强矿压及动压现象的问题,应用理论分析、数值计算、相似材料模拟等方法,建立了2-2煤层房式采空区复合煤柱底板传递规律模型,探讨了出煤柱时顶板覆岩结构,揭示了煤柱影响条件下3-1工作面"高应力-煤柱-覆岩运动"联合作用动压机理。研究结果表明:2-2煤层房式采空区大煤柱下的水平与垂直应力较高,达9.7～15.3 MPa;垂直应力影响深度为42～58 m,水平应力影响深度为10～23 m,剪应力波及范围25～50 m;当3-1煤层工作面在20 m或50 m宽煤柱下开采时,超前支承应力较大,应力集中系数高达4.44～5.00; 3-1煤层工作面出大煤柱时的动压现象是由上下煤层应力叠加、煤柱上方倒梯形岩柱失稳与顶板垮裂运动联合作用的结果,可指导霍洛湾矿3-1煤层安全开采。
According to the complicated condition of the coal pillars left in the room and pillar mining goaf,such as the stress transmission of the coal pillar floor was overlapped,the periodic weighting was abnormal as well as the strong mine rock pressure and dynamic pressure phenomenon when No. 3-1 seam in Huoluowan Mine was passed thought the overburden room and pillar mining goaf in No. 2-2 seam,a theoretical analysis,numerical calculation,similar material simulation and other methods were applied to establish a model of the floor stress transmission law for the complex coal pillar in the room and pillar mining goaf of No. 2-2 seam. The paper had a discussion on the roof overburden structure when the coal pillar was passed and the combined action dynamic pressure mechanism of the " high stress-coal pillar-overburden rock movement" in No. 3-1 coal mining face under the influence condition of the coal pillars was reveal. The study results showed that under the large coal pillars in the room and pillar mining goaf in No. 2-2 seam,the horizontal and vertical stresses were high and could research 9.7 ～ 15.3 MPa. The influence depth of the vertical stress was 42 ～ 58 m,the influence depth of the horizontal stress was 10 ～ 23 m and the shear stress affected scope was 25 ～ 50 m. When No. 3-1 coal mining face was mining under the coal pillars with a wide of 20 m or 50 m,the advance support stress would be high and the stress concentration coefficient would be 4.44 ～ 5.00.When the coal mining face in No. 3-1 seam passed through the above large coal pillars,the dynamic pressure phenomenon would be the stress superposition from the upper seam to the lower seam. The inverted trapezoid rock pillar instability above the coal pillar and the roof collapsed movement combined effect results could guide the safety mining of No. 3-1 seam in Huoluowan Mine.
According to the complicated condition of the coal pillars left in the room and pillar mining goaf,such as the stress transmission of the coal pillar floor was overlapped,the periodic weighting was abnormal as well as the strong mine rock pressure and dynamic pressure phenomenon when No. 3-1 seam in Huoluowan Mine was passed thought the overburden room and pillar mining goaf in No. 2-2 seam,a theoretical analysis,numerical calculation,similar material simulation and other methods were applied to establish a model of the floor stress transmission law for the complex coal pillar in the room and pillar mining goaf of No. 2-2 seam. The paper had a discussion on the roof overburden structure when the coal pillar was passed and the combined action dynamic pressure mechanism of the " high stress-coal pillar-overburden rock movement" in No. 3-1 coal mining face under the influence condition of the coal pillars was reveal. The study results showed that under the large coal pillars in the room and pillar mining goaf in No. 2-2 seam,the horizontal and vertical stresses were high and could research 9.7 ～ 15.3 MPa. The influence depth of the vertical stress was 42 ～ 58 m,the influence depth of the horizontal stress was 10 ～ 23 m and the shear stress affected scope was 25 ～ 50 m. When No. 3-1 coal mining face was mining under the coal pillars with a wide of 20 m or 50 m,the advance support stress would be high and the stress concentration coefficient would be 4.44 ～ 5.00.When the coal mining face in No. 3-1 seam passed through the above large coal pillars,the dynamic pressure phenomenon would be the stress superposition from the upper seam to the lower seam. The inverted trapezoid rock pillar instability above the coal pillar and the roof collapsed movement combined effect results could guide the safety mining of No. 3-1 seam in Huoluowan Mine.
引文
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[13]李浩荡,杨汉宏,张斌,等.浅埋房式采空区集中煤柱下综采动载控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S1):6-11.LI Haodang,YANG Hanhong,ZHANG Bin,et al.Control study of strong strata behaviors during the fully mechanized working face out of concentrated coal pillar in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):6-11.
[14]赵吉玉,吴士良,马敬坡.房柱式采空区下工作面矿压显现规律研究[J].中州煤炭,2015(6):60-63.ZHAO Jiyu,WU Shiliang,MA Jingpo,et al.Study on strata behaviors regulation of coal working face under room and pillar mining goaf[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2015(6):60-63.
[15]杨敬轩,刘长友,于斌,等.采空区留设煤柱对底板岩层应力与能量分布的影响[C]//中国煤炭学会开采专业委员会2016年学术年会,2016.
[16]李胜,周利峰,罗明坤,等.煤层群下行开采煤柱应力传递规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2015,34(6):661-667.LI Sheng,ZHOU Lifeng,LUO Mingkun,et al. Strata behaviors analysis of stage coal pillar caused by repeated mining[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science,2015,34(6):661-667.
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[18]许磊,魏海霞,肖祯雁,等.煤柱下底板偏应力区域特征及案例[J].岩土力学,2015,36(2):561-568.XU Lei,WEI Haixia,XIAO Zhenyan,et al.Engineering cases and characteristics of deviatori stress under coal pillar in regional floor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):561-568.
[19]朱志洁,张宏伟,兰天伟,等.重叠煤柱作用下综放采场围岩应力演化规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(3):26-31.ZHU Zhijie,ZHANG Hongwei,LAN Tianwei,et al. Study on surrounding rock stress evolution law of fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face under role of overlapping coal pillars[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(3):26-31.
[20]门建光,王硕,袁瑞甫,等.倾斜煤层煤柱覆岩结构特征及应力分布规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(5):21-24.MEN Jianguang,WANG Shuo,YUAN Ruipu,et al.Study on overburden strata structure features and stress distribution law of coal pillar in inclined seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(5):21-24.
[21]任满翊.旺格维利采煤法煤柱尺寸的合理确定[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,21(1):42-43.REN Manyi. Rational determination of coal pillar size in Wangi Willy coal mining method[J]. Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,21(1):42-43.
[22]于斌,刘长友,杨敬轩,等.大同矿区双系煤层开采煤柱影响下的强矿压显现机理[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):40-46.YUBin,LIU Changyou,YANG Jingxuan,et al. Mechanism of strong pressure reveal under influence of mining dual system of coal pillar in Datong Mining Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):40-46.
[23]鞠金峰.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架机理及防治研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[2]魏振全.厚硬岩层下采动应力突变及冲击地压防治研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):103-108.WEI Zhenquan.Study on mining stress variance and pressure bump prevention andcontrol under thick and hard rock strata[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):103-108.
[3]任艳芳,齐庆新.浅埋煤层长壁开采围岩应力场特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(10):1612-1618.REN Yanfang,QI Qingxin.Study on characteristic of stress field in surrounding rocks of shallow coal face under long wall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(10):1612-1618.
[4]李建伟,刘长友,赵杰,等.沟谷区域浅埋煤层采动矿压发生机理及控制研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(9):104-110.LI Jianwei,LIU Changyou,ZHAO Jie,et al. Study on occurrence mechanism and control technology of mining-induced strata pressure in shallow depth coal seams of valley region[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(9):104-110.
[5]任艳芳.浅埋深近距离煤层矿压及覆岩运动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(7):11-14.REN Yanfang. Study on mine pressure and overlying strata movement law of contiguous seams with shallow depth[J]. Coal science and Technology,2015,43(7):11-14.
[6]朱涛,张百胜,冯国瑞,等.极近距离煤层下层煤采场顶板结构与控制[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):190-193.ZHU Tao,ZHANG Baisheng,FENG Guorui,et al. Roof structure and control in the lower seam mining field in the ultra-close multiple seams[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):190-193.
[7]左建平,孙运江,文金浩,等.岩层移动理论与力学模型及其展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):1-11,87.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,WEN Jinhao,et al. Theoretical and mechanical models of rock strata movement and their prospects[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):1-11,87.
[8]杨真,童兵,黄成成,等.近距离房柱采空区下长壁采场顶板垮落特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):157-161.YANG Zhen,TONG Bing,HUANG Chengcheng,et al.Study on the movement law of overlying strata in mining face under room and pillar goaf[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):157-161.
[9]白庆升,屠世浩,王方田,等.浅埋近距离房式煤柱下采动应力演化及致灾机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S2):3772-3778.BAI Qingsheng,TU Shihao,WANG Fangtian,et al.The evolution of mining stress and the mechanism of disaster caused by shallow buried coal pillar[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3772-3778.
[10]解兴智.浅埋煤层房柱式采空区下长壁开采矿压显现特征[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):898-902.XIE Xingzhi. Study on the characteristics of strata behavior in shallow seam longwall mining under the room-and-pillar mining goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):898-902.
[11]屠世浩,窦凤金,万志军,等.浅埋房柱式采空区下近距离煤层综采顶板控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):366-370.TU Shihao,DOU Fengjin,WAN Zhijun,et al. Strata control technology of the fully mechanized face in shallow coal seam close to the above room and pillar gob[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):366-370.
[12]杨治林.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层灾害控制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,29(S1):459-463.YANG Zhilin. Study of controlling catastrophe for roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,29(S1):459-463.
[13]李浩荡,杨汉宏,张斌,等.浅埋房式采空区集中煤柱下综采动载控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S1):6-11.LI Haodang,YANG Hanhong,ZHANG Bin,et al.Control study of strong strata behaviors during the fully mechanized working face out of concentrated coal pillar in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):6-11.
[14]赵吉玉,吴士良,马敬坡.房柱式采空区下工作面矿压显现规律研究[J].中州煤炭,2015(6):60-63.ZHAO Jiyu,WU Shiliang,MA Jingpo,et al.Study on strata behaviors regulation of coal working face under room and pillar mining goaf[J].Zhongzhou Coal,2015(6):60-63.
[15]杨敬轩,刘长友,于斌,等.采空区留设煤柱对底板岩层应力与能量分布的影响[C]//中国煤炭学会开采专业委员会2016年学术年会,2016.
[16]李胜,周利峰,罗明坤,等.煤层群下行开采煤柱应力传递规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2015,34(6):661-667.LI Sheng,ZHOU Lifeng,LUO Mingkun,et al. Strata behaviors analysis of stage coal pillar caused by repeated mining[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science,2015,34(6):661-667.
[17]张淑坤,王来贵,张向东,等.长壁留煤柱采空区系统荷载传递效应研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):116-119.ZHANG Shukun,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Xiangdong,et al. Load transfer effects of the longwall sustaining coal pillars on the safety of mining goaf system[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):116-119.
[18]许磊,魏海霞,肖祯雁,等.煤柱下底板偏应力区域特征及案例[J].岩土力学,2015,36(2):561-568.XU Lei,WEI Haixia,XIAO Zhenyan,et al.Engineering cases and characteristics of deviatori stress under coal pillar in regional floor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):561-568.
[19]朱志洁,张宏伟,兰天伟,等.重叠煤柱作用下综放采场围岩应力演化规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(3):26-31.ZHU Zhijie,ZHANG Hongwei,LAN Tianwei,et al. Study on surrounding rock stress evolution law of fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face under role of overlapping coal pillars[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(3):26-31.
[20]门建光,王硕,袁瑞甫,等.倾斜煤层煤柱覆岩结构特征及应力分布规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(5):21-24.MEN Jianguang,WANG Shuo,YUAN Ruipu,et al.Study on overburden strata structure features and stress distribution law of coal pillar in inclined seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(5):21-24.
[21]任满翊.旺格维利采煤法煤柱尺寸的合理确定[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,21(1):42-43.REN Manyi. Rational determination of coal pillar size in Wangi Willy coal mining method[J]. Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,21(1):42-43.
[22]于斌,刘长友,杨敬轩,等.大同矿区双系煤层开采煤柱影响下的强矿压显现机理[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):40-46.YUBin,LIU Changyou,YANG Jingxuan,et al. Mechanism of strong pressure reveal under influence of mining dual system of coal pillar in Datong Mining Area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):40-46.
[23]鞠金峰.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架机理及防治研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
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