基于MODIS数据的山东省秸秆焚烧与空气质量关系探析
|
摘要
秸秆焚烧释放的各类气体污染物和细微颗粒对空气质量影响极大,是大气污染的来源之一。MODIS传感器具有灵敏度高、时效性强和空间覆盖宽等优势,利用其数据对秸秆焚烧进行监测,可以快速获取大范围内秸秆焚烧火点的位置、数量和烈度等信息。采用基于MODIS发展的上下文算法提取火点,并收集研究区空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI),PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、NO_2、SO_2、CO和O_3 6个空气质量分指数(individual air quality index,IAQI)数据以及相关气象数据,将山东省17个地市按照"是否沿海岸线分布"划分为沿海地区和内陆地区,对比分析秸秆焚烧对空气质量影响的差异性。将两类地区每日空气质量数据进行空间插值,对得到的区域所有栅格点的空气质量指数总和与该区域火点数进行时间序列上的相关性分析,进而分析秸秆焚烧造成的污染对环境空气质量的影响程度以及内陆、沿海地区空气污染的差异性。结果表明,火点数量与空气质量指数总和呈现正相关关系,且分别与AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和O_3这4个指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),火点增多产生的污染物使空气质量指数升高,导致空气质量下降。同时,沿海地区秸秆焚烧火点与空气质量指数的相关性强于内陆地区火点与空气质量指数的相关性,这表明大气扩散条件是研究秸秆焚烧环境效应的重要前提条件之一。
Among various sources of pollution, outdoor straw burning has a great impact on air quality through releasing various kinds of air pollutants and fine particles, shaping one of the sources of air pollution. MODIS instrument has the advantages of high sensitivity, timeliness and wide spatial coverage and using its data to monitor straw burning events can quickly identify the location, amount and severity of fire spots across a wide region. MODIS data in partnership with the contextual algorithm was used to extract fire spots in Shandong Province in the current work. The values of six air quality indices including PM_(10), PM_(2.5), NO_2, SO_2, CO, O_3, as well as the meteorological data were collected. Additionally, 17 cities in Shandong Province were grouped into two categories, coastal region and inland region according to their proximity to the coastlines to derive a targeted analysis that focuses on the influential differences in air quality imposed by straw burning. Specifically, by carrying out the spatial interpolation with daily air quality data for the two regions, the correlation between the fire points and the total air quality index of all grid points in the region was analyzed. And then the impact of contamination caused by burning straws on environmental air quality, as well as differences of air quality between coastal and inland region were discussed. As a result, a significantly positive correlation between the amount of fire spots and the total air quality index was observed. Of which, there was a significant correlation between straw burning and AQI, PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and O_3, indicating that the increase in fire spots leads to an increase of air quality indices, accordingly, a poor air quality gained. Furthermore, the correlation presented in the coastal region was stronger than that presented in the inland region, indicating that the atmospheric spread condition is one of the important prerequisites when examining the environmental impacts of straw burning.
Among various sources of pollution, outdoor straw burning has a great impact on air quality through releasing various kinds of air pollutants and fine particles, shaping one of the sources of air pollution. MODIS instrument has the advantages of high sensitivity, timeliness and wide spatial coverage and using its data to monitor straw burning events can quickly identify the location, amount and severity of fire spots across a wide region. MODIS data in partnership with the contextual algorithm was used to extract fire spots in Shandong Province in the current work. The values of six air quality indices including PM_(10), PM_(2.5), NO_2, SO_2, CO, O_3, as well as the meteorological data were collected. Additionally, 17 cities in Shandong Province were grouped into two categories, coastal region and inland region according to their proximity to the coastlines to derive a targeted analysis that focuses on the influential differences in air quality imposed by straw burning. Specifically, by carrying out the spatial interpolation with daily air quality data for the two regions, the correlation between the fire points and the total air quality index of all grid points in the region was analyzed. And then the impact of contamination caused by burning straws on environmental air quality, as well as differences of air quality between coastal and inland region were discussed. As a result, a significantly positive correlation between the amount of fire spots and the total air quality index was observed. Of which, there was a significant correlation between straw burning and AQI, PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and O_3, indicating that the increase in fire spots leads to an increase of air quality indices, accordingly, a poor air quality gained. Furthermore, the correlation presented in the coastal region was stronger than that presented in the inland region, indicating that the atmospheric spread condition is one of the important prerequisites when examining the environmental impacts of straw burning.
引文
[1] 李飞跃,汪建飞.中国粮食作物秸秆焚烧排碳量及转化生物炭固碳量的估算[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(14):1-7.[LI Fei-yue,WANG Jian-fei.Estimation of Carbon Emission From Burning and Carbon Sequestration From Biochar Producing Using Crop Straw in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(14):1-7.]
[2] 彭立群,张强,贺克斌.基于调查的中国秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1109-1118.[PENG Li-qun,ZHANG Qiang,HE Ke-bin.Emissions Inventory of Atmospheric Pollutants From Open Burning of Crop Residues in China Based on a National Questionnaire[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(8):1109-1118.]
[3] 薛传金.浅谈秸秆焚烧对空气质量的影响[J].干旱环境监测,2015,29(1):23-27.[XUE Chuan-jin.Discuss of Straw Burning Effects on the Air Quality[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2015,29(1):23-27.]
[4] 朱佳雷,王体健,邓君俊,等.长三角地区秸秆焚烧污染物排放清单及其在重霾污染天气模拟中的应用[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(12):3045-3055.[ZHU Jia-lei,WANG Ti-jian,DENG Jun-jun,et al.An Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants From Crop Residue Burning in Yangtze River Delta Region and Its Application in Simulation of a Heavy Haze Weather Process[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(12):3045-3055.]
[5] 毛宇清,李聪,沈澄,等.两次秸秆焚烧污染过程的气象条件对比分析[J].气象,2013,39(11):1473-1480.[MAO Yu-qing,LI Cong,SHEN Cheng,et al.Comparative Analysis on Meteorological Condition for Two Air Pollution Events From Crop Residue Burning[J].Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(11):1473-1480.]
[6] 邵卫伟,杨哲,周斌.基于中分辨率成像光谱仪的秸秆焚烧火点提取方法的改进[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(9):38-42.[SHAO Wei-wei,YANG Zhe,ZHOU Bin.Improvement of Remote Sensing Identifying Methods of Crop Residue Burning Based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Data[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2012,34(9):38-42.]
[7] 李小飞,张明军,王圣杰,等.中国空气污染指数变化特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):1936-1943.[LI Xiao-fei,ZHANG Ming-jun,WANG Sheng-jie,et al.Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Pollution Index in China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(6):1936-1943.]
[8] WCKRAMASINGHE C,JOES S,REINEK K,et al.Development of a Multi-Spatial Resolution Approach to the Surveillance of Active Fire Lines Using Himawari-8[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):932.DOI:10.3390/rs8110932.
[9] WANG Q,WU C Q,LI Q,et al.Chinese HJ-1A/B Satellites and Data Characteristics[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2010,53(Suppl.1):51-57.
[10] ZHANG T R,WOOSTER M J,XU W D.Approaches for Synergistically Exploiting VIIRS I- and M-Band Data in Regional Active Fire Detection and FRP Assessment:A Demonstration With Respect to Agricultural Residue Burning in Eastern China[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,198:407-424.
[11] CHEN D M,PEREIRA M C,MASIERO A,et al.Mapping Fire Regimes in China Using MODIS Active Fire and Burned Area Data[J].Applied Geography,2017,85:14-26.
[12] ZHUANG Y,LI R Y,YANG H,et al.Understanding Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Crop Residue Burning in China From 2003 to 2017 Using MODIS Data[J].Remote Sensing,2018,10(3):390.DOI:10.3390/rs10030390.
[13] 胡梅,齐述华,舒晓波,等.华北平原秸秆焚烧火点的MODIS 影像识别监测[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(6):6802-6807.[HU Mei,QI Shu-hua,SHU Xiao-bo,et al.Monitoring Fire From Crop Residues Burning With MODIS Data in North China Plain[J].Geo-Information Science,2008,10(6):6802-6807.]
[14] LI H Y,HAN Z W,CHENG T T,et al.Agricultural Fire Impacts on the Air Quality of Shanghai During Summer Harvesttime[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2010,10(2):95-101.
[15] 厉青,张丽娟,吴传庆,等.基于卫星遥感的秸秆焚烧监测及对空气质量影响分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1):32-37.[LI Qing,ZHANG Li-juan,WU Chuan-qing,et al.Satellite-Remote-Sensing-Based Monitoring of Straw Burning and Analysis of Its Impact on Air Quality[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2009,25(1):32-37.]
[16] CHENG W L,CHEN Y S,ZHANG J F,et al.Comparison of the Revised Air Quality Index With the PSI and AQI Indices[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,382(2/3):191-198.
[17] FLASSE S P,CECCATO P.A Contextual Algorithm for AVHRR Fire Detection[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(2):419-424.
[18] GIGLIO L,DESCLOITRES J,JUSTICE C O,et al.An Enhanced Contextual Fire Detection Algorithm for MODIS[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,87(2/3):273-282.
[19] KAUFMAN Y J,JUSTICE C O,FLYNN L P,et al.Potential Global Fire Monitoring From EOS-MODIS[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1998,103(D24):32215-32238.
[20] 环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行)[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2012(1):44.
[21] 李梅.永州市空气质量时空分布特征及其影响因素分析[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2016.[LI Mei.The Spatial-Temporal Distribution Pattern of Air Quality in Yongzhou City(Hunan,China):Implication for Its Impacting Factors[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2016.]
[22] 刘燚.京津冀地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2010.[LIU Yi.Air Quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Relationships Between Air Quality and Meteorological Conditions[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2010.]
[23] 江志新,江莉莉,施洲洲.沿海风与内陆风的对比观测研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010(4):1902-1904.[JIANG Zhi-xin,JIANG Li-li,SHI Zhou-zhou.Comparative Observation on Aeolian Sand and Inland Sand[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010(4):1902-1904.]
[24] LI Y,VODACEK A,KREMENS R L,et al.A Hybrid Contextual Approach to Wildland Fire Detection Using Multispectral Imagery[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2005,43(9):2115-2126.
[25] SCHROEDER W,RUMINSKI M,CSISZAR I,et al.Validation Analyses of an Operational Fire Monitoring Product:The Hazard Mapping System[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(20):6059-6066.
[26] 李宗恺,潘云仙,孙润桥.空气污染气象学原理及应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1985:12.
[27] 吴立新,吕鑫,秦凯,等.秸秆焚烧期间徐州市空气污染物时空分布特征分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(1):18-22,31.[WU Li-xin,Lü Xin,QIN Kai,et al.On Spatio-Temporal Features of Air Pollutants in Xuzhou City During Straw Burning Period[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2014,30(1):18-22,31.]
[2] 彭立群,张强,贺克斌.基于调查的中国秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1109-1118.[PENG Li-qun,ZHANG Qiang,HE Ke-bin.Emissions Inventory of Atmospheric Pollutants From Open Burning of Crop Residues in China Based on a National Questionnaire[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(8):1109-1118.]
[3] 薛传金.浅谈秸秆焚烧对空气质量的影响[J].干旱环境监测,2015,29(1):23-27.[XUE Chuan-jin.Discuss of Straw Burning Effects on the Air Quality[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2015,29(1):23-27.]
[4] 朱佳雷,王体健,邓君俊,等.长三角地区秸秆焚烧污染物排放清单及其在重霾污染天气模拟中的应用[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(12):3045-3055.[ZHU Jia-lei,WANG Ti-jian,DENG Jun-jun,et al.An Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants From Crop Residue Burning in Yangtze River Delta Region and Its Application in Simulation of a Heavy Haze Weather Process[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(12):3045-3055.]
[5] 毛宇清,李聪,沈澄,等.两次秸秆焚烧污染过程的气象条件对比分析[J].气象,2013,39(11):1473-1480.[MAO Yu-qing,LI Cong,SHEN Cheng,et al.Comparative Analysis on Meteorological Condition for Two Air Pollution Events From Crop Residue Burning[J].Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(11):1473-1480.]
[6] 邵卫伟,杨哲,周斌.基于中分辨率成像光谱仪的秸秆焚烧火点提取方法的改进[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(9):38-42.[SHAO Wei-wei,YANG Zhe,ZHOU Bin.Improvement of Remote Sensing Identifying Methods of Crop Residue Burning Based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Data[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2012,34(9):38-42.]
[7] 李小飞,张明军,王圣杰,等.中国空气污染指数变化特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):1936-1943.[LI Xiao-fei,ZHANG Ming-jun,WANG Sheng-jie,et al.Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Pollution Index in China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(6):1936-1943.]
[8] WCKRAMASINGHE C,JOES S,REINEK K,et al.Development of a Multi-Spatial Resolution Approach to the Surveillance of Active Fire Lines Using Himawari-8[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):932.DOI:10.3390/rs8110932.
[9] WANG Q,WU C Q,LI Q,et al.Chinese HJ-1A/B Satellites and Data Characteristics[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2010,53(Suppl.1):51-57.
[10] ZHANG T R,WOOSTER M J,XU W D.Approaches for Synergistically Exploiting VIIRS I- and M-Band Data in Regional Active Fire Detection and FRP Assessment:A Demonstration With Respect to Agricultural Residue Burning in Eastern China[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,198:407-424.
[11] CHEN D M,PEREIRA M C,MASIERO A,et al.Mapping Fire Regimes in China Using MODIS Active Fire and Burned Area Data[J].Applied Geography,2017,85:14-26.
[12] ZHUANG Y,LI R Y,YANG H,et al.Understanding Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Crop Residue Burning in China From 2003 to 2017 Using MODIS Data[J].Remote Sensing,2018,10(3):390.DOI:10.3390/rs10030390.
[13] 胡梅,齐述华,舒晓波,等.华北平原秸秆焚烧火点的MODIS 影像识别监测[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(6):6802-6807.[HU Mei,QI Shu-hua,SHU Xiao-bo,et al.Monitoring Fire From Crop Residues Burning With MODIS Data in North China Plain[J].Geo-Information Science,2008,10(6):6802-6807.]
[14] LI H Y,HAN Z W,CHENG T T,et al.Agricultural Fire Impacts on the Air Quality of Shanghai During Summer Harvesttime[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2010,10(2):95-101.
[15] 厉青,张丽娟,吴传庆,等.基于卫星遥感的秸秆焚烧监测及对空气质量影响分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1):32-37.[LI Qing,ZHANG Li-juan,WU Chuan-qing,et al.Satellite-Remote-Sensing-Based Monitoring of Straw Burning and Analysis of Its Impact on Air Quality[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2009,25(1):32-37.]
[16] CHENG W L,CHEN Y S,ZHANG J F,et al.Comparison of the Revised Air Quality Index With the PSI and AQI Indices[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,382(2/3):191-198.
[17] FLASSE S P,CECCATO P.A Contextual Algorithm for AVHRR Fire Detection[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(2):419-424.
[18] GIGLIO L,DESCLOITRES J,JUSTICE C O,et al.An Enhanced Contextual Fire Detection Algorithm for MODIS[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,87(2/3):273-282.
[19] KAUFMAN Y J,JUSTICE C O,FLYNN L P,et al.Potential Global Fire Monitoring From EOS-MODIS[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1998,103(D24):32215-32238.
[20] 环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行)[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2012(1):44.
[21] 李梅.永州市空气质量时空分布特征及其影响因素分析[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2016.[LI Mei.The Spatial-Temporal Distribution Pattern of Air Quality in Yongzhou City(Hunan,China):Implication for Its Impacting Factors[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2016.]
[22] 刘燚.京津冀地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2010.[LIU Yi.Air Quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Relationships Between Air Quality and Meteorological Conditions[D].Changsha:Hunan Normal University,2010.]
[23] 江志新,江莉莉,施洲洲.沿海风与内陆风的对比观测研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010(4):1902-1904.[JIANG Zhi-xin,JIANG Li-li,SHI Zhou-zhou.Comparative Observation on Aeolian Sand and Inland Sand[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010(4):1902-1904.]
[24] LI Y,VODACEK A,KREMENS R L,et al.A Hybrid Contextual Approach to Wildland Fire Detection Using Multispectral Imagery[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2005,43(9):2115-2126.
[25] SCHROEDER W,RUMINSKI M,CSISZAR I,et al.Validation Analyses of an Operational Fire Monitoring Product:The Hazard Mapping System[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(20):6059-6066.
[26] 李宗恺,潘云仙,孙润桥.空气污染气象学原理及应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1985:12.
[27] 吴立新,吕鑫,秦凯,等.秸秆焚烧期间徐州市空气污染物时空分布特征分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(1):18-22,31.[WU Li-xin,Lü Xin,QIN Kai,et al.On Spatio-Temporal Features of Air Pollutants in Xuzhou City During Straw Burning Period[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2014,30(1):18-22,31.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |