台湾地区民宿研究特点分析——兼论中国大陆民宿研究框架
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摘要
民宿是后现代休闲旅游的重要产品形式,已成为促进区域旅游地转型升级和乡村振兴发展的新业态和新动力。文章系统梳理了我国台湾地区民宿的发展历程,分析了1986—2017年台湾地区学者关于民宿研究的学术成果,并对比分析大陆民宿发展研究问题,从而提出大陆民宿研究的理论框架。结果表明:从民宿本体发展、利益相关者以及特色运营专题3个维度可将台湾地区民宿研究划分为8大热点领域,包括民宿的核心吸引物、消费行为规律、管理模式、经营策略、市场营销、规划设计、政策措施和发展效应。相比之下,大陆民宿以模糊的概念、客观的实体、新兴的理念形式呈现出短时期爆发式涌现的独特现象,尽管大陆近两年民宿研究成果数量急速增长,但高质量研究成果占比较少,理论研究与实践发展出现脱节,未来需要借鉴和遵循发达地区和国家成功经验与规律,解析民宿的社会文化隐喻,研究民宿建设与依存环境的互动关系和匹配模式,重点关注民宿发展的时空差异、社会结构效应与关系治理、信息化经营管理研究。
The accommodation form known as"Minsu"in China, and as B&B in Taiwan, China and now officially called homestay inn in mainland China according to Homestay Inn Basic Requirements and Evaluation promulgated by China National Tourism Administration in 2017, originated from the Kenting, Taiwan in the 1980 s, and has been one of the major brands of Taiwan tourism industry after nearly 30 years of development. However, in mainland China, it started and developed at a staggering speed only in the last ten years. With this imported concept reconstructed using localization and modernization, Minsu in mainland China is of significant regional difference from the one in Taiwan,China and other areas in the world, although there is a coexistence of different accommodations similar or related to Taiwan's B&B of different types and developing stages in mainland China, namely Nong Jia Le,(happy farmer's home), Family hotel and Inn. Minsu has become a new business format that creates a unique consumer culture and social lifestyle as well as new a driving force for promoting the rural revitalization and the transformation and upgrade of regional tourist destinations in mainland China.In comparison to the academic research and application on B&B in Taiwan, China in the past 30 years, because of the late start, the lack of the fundamental theory and the overlook of the academy, the research of Minsu in mainland China severely lags behind, especially high-quality research results which are lacking and the researching scientific problems are out of line with practical development. In order to put forward advanced conception and experiences, and provide guidelines for further research and practical applications, this paper systematically reviews the practical development process and the academic achievements, categorizing the main topics and summarizing the framework of B&B research in Taiwan, China, in the period 1989—2017. This paper also makes an analysis of the research on minsu and other three forms of accommodations related to it in mainland China. Based on the comparative analysis of the previous results in contemporary research, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework of the Minsu research in mainland China.By using historical events and data recording as basis, this paper analyzes the process of its development and summarizes five stages of the B&B development in Taiwan, China: folk germination stage(1980—1989), authority-counseling & strengthening stage(1989—1997), policy planning &transition stage(1997—2001), policy implementation & positively developing stage(2001—2012) and brand developing stage(2012—2017). By combining the methods of bibliometrics and isotropy analysis, this paper analyzes B&B in Taiwan, China from 1989 to 2017, hence draws the following conclusions. Firstly, B&B academic knowledge in Taiwan, China is developed having three dimensions, B&B ontology development, stakeholders of B&B industry and the B&B-characteristic project. Secondly, there are seven hot topics in the research on B&B: core attraction, consumer behavior, management method, operational strategy, marketing, planning and design, authority's administration and developing effects. By using co-word analysis of the literature in mainland China with the theme of Minsu, Nong Jia Le, Inn and Family hotel, the results show that between 2012 and2014, the research on the other three accommodations involved the emergence and discussion of Minsu,which proved the source relationship. The scholars in mainland China mainly focus on Minsu from the following aspects: the development strategy and method, the development of Minsu-embedded rural tourism, the social effects and value evaluation, the space utilization and design, the evaluation of the service and the consumer behavior. However, the network system of research on Minsu in mainland China has not yet formed and the theoretical and practical values of the research are insufficient. Based on the previous experience of the B&B development in Taiwan, China and the comprehensive analysis results of the research in mainland and Taiwan, China, from a comprehensive perspective of tourism management, tourism economics, tourism geography, tourism sociology and other tourism subjects, this paper draws the Minsu research framework in mainland China and proposes six important research areas:(1) the successful Minsu developing experiences of developed regions and countries;(2) Minsu based resources, developing pattern matching and regional development effects;(3) spatial and temporal differences of Minsu development and scientific configuration;(4) behavior of stakeholders and management of Minsu under the background of informatization;(5) social structure evolution and relationship governance of Minsu-tourism destinations;(6) the metaphor and essence of contemporary Chinese society from an in-depth view of the Minsu phenomenon.
The accommodation form known as"Minsu"in China, and as B&B in Taiwan, China and now officially called homestay inn in mainland China according to Homestay Inn Basic Requirements and Evaluation promulgated by China National Tourism Administration in 2017, originated from the Kenting, Taiwan in the 1980 s, and has been one of the major brands of Taiwan tourism industry after nearly 30 years of development. However, in mainland China, it started and developed at a staggering speed only in the last ten years. With this imported concept reconstructed using localization and modernization, Minsu in mainland China is of significant regional difference from the one in Taiwan,China and other areas in the world, although there is a coexistence of different accommodations similar or related to Taiwan's B&B of different types and developing stages in mainland China, namely Nong Jia Le,(happy farmer's home), Family hotel and Inn. Minsu has become a new business format that creates a unique consumer culture and social lifestyle as well as new a driving force for promoting the rural revitalization and the transformation and upgrade of regional tourist destinations in mainland China.In comparison to the academic research and application on B&B in Taiwan, China in the past 30 years, because of the late start, the lack of the fundamental theory and the overlook of the academy, the research of Minsu in mainland China severely lags behind, especially high-quality research results which are lacking and the researching scientific problems are out of line with practical development. In order to put forward advanced conception and experiences, and provide guidelines for further research and practical applications, this paper systematically reviews the practical development process and the academic achievements, categorizing the main topics and summarizing the framework of B&B research in Taiwan, China, in the period 1989—2017. This paper also makes an analysis of the research on minsu and other three forms of accommodations related to it in mainland China. Based on the comparative analysis of the previous results in contemporary research, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework of the Minsu research in mainland China.By using historical events and data recording as basis, this paper analyzes the process of its development and summarizes five stages of the B&B development in Taiwan, China: folk germination stage(1980—1989), authority-counseling & strengthening stage(1989—1997), policy planning &transition stage(1997—2001), policy implementation & positively developing stage(2001—2012) and brand developing stage(2012—2017). By combining the methods of bibliometrics and isotropy analysis, this paper analyzes B&B in Taiwan, China from 1989 to 2017, hence draws the following conclusions. Firstly, B&B academic knowledge in Taiwan, China is developed having three dimensions, B&B ontology development, stakeholders of B&B industry and the B&B-characteristic project. Secondly, there are seven hot topics in the research on B&B: core attraction, consumer behavior, management method, operational strategy, marketing, planning and design, authority's administration and developing effects. By using co-word analysis of the literature in mainland China with the theme of Minsu, Nong Jia Le, Inn and Family hotel, the results show that between 2012 and2014, the research on the other three accommodations involved the emergence and discussion of Minsu,which proved the source relationship. The scholars in mainland China mainly focus on Minsu from the following aspects: the development strategy and method, the development of Minsu-embedded rural tourism, the social effects and value evaluation, the space utilization and design, the evaluation of the service and the consumer behavior. However, the network system of research on Minsu in mainland China has not yet formed and the theoretical and practical values of the research are insufficient. Based on the previous experience of the B&B development in Taiwan, China and the comprehensive analysis results of the research in mainland and Taiwan, China, from a comprehensive perspective of tourism management, tourism economics, tourism geography, tourism sociology and other tourism subjects, this paper draws the Minsu research framework in mainland China and proposes six important research areas:(1) the successful Minsu developing experiences of developed regions and countries;(2) Minsu based resources, developing pattern matching and regional development effects;(3) spatial and temporal differences of Minsu development and scientific configuration;(4) behavior of stakeholders and management of Minsu under the background of informatization;(5) social structure evolution and relationship governance of Minsu-tourism destinations;(6) the metaphor and essence of contemporary Chinese society from an in-depth view of the Minsu phenomenon.
引文
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(1)中国网中国商务.“95%的民宿都在亏损!”引爆了一场大辩论[EB/OL]http://business.china.com.cn/news/info-1576.html.
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