北部湾西北部近海鱼类资源的时空分布特征研究
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摘要
根据2012年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)在北部湾西北部广西近海4个航次的渔业资源调查资料,进一步结合同步测定的水文情况,探讨北部湾西北部广西近海的鱼类资源分布特征和季节变化及其影响因素。调查结果表明,该调查海域共鉴定鱼类125种,鱼类资源质量密度夏季(402.46kg/km~2)>春季(343.22kg/km~2)>秋季(145.13kg/km~2)>冬季(53.99kg/km~2);尾数密度春季(84.34×10~3尾/km~2)>夏季(51.54×10~3尾/km~2)>秋季(26.53×10~3尾/km~2)>冬季(16.81×10~3尾/km~2);平均体长、体质量分别在春季和夏季最大,分别为7.15cm和7.65g;幼体比在夏季最高,为85.86%。从时间上看,春、夏季的鱼类资源密度大于秋、冬季,从空间上看,沿岸水域的资源密度大于近海水域,这与该水域各水团随季节变化的消长密切相关。依据相对重要性指数确定各季节的优势种,二长棘鲷是夏季最重要的优势种,同时也是春、夏、秋3季的共有优势种。通过贡献率β值可知,该区域鱼类总密度变化与主要优势种变化关系密切,且调查海域多为规格较小的幼鱼,其为北部湾渔场重要的产卵场、育幼场和索饵场,对整个北部湾鱼类资源的补充具有重要的作用。
The distribution characteristics and seasonal quantitative changes in fish stocks as well as their influential factors were studied by the data from four oceanographic surveys in Guangxi offshore in the Northwest Beibu Gulf in spring(April),summer(August),autumn(November)and winter(January)in2012,along with synchronous hydrological features.The results showed that there were 125 fish species in the waters,and the density of fish in terms of weight was the maximum in summer(402.462kg/km~2),followed by spring(343.22kg/km~2)and autumn(145.13kg/km~2),and least in winter(53.99kg/km~2).By contrast,the density of fish in terms of number was the maximum in spring(84.34×10~3 ind/km~2),intermediate in summer(51.54×10~3 ind/km~2)and autumn(26.53×10~3 ind/km~2),and least in winter(16.81×10~3 ind/km~2).The maximal average body length of fish was observed in spring(7.15cm),while the maximal average body weight in summer(7.65g).The proportion of juvenile was the highest in summer(as high as 85.86%).From the time,the fish density was obviously higher in spring and summer than that in autumn and winter.In spatial distribution,the fish of density was higher in coastal waters than those in offshore waters,which was closely related to the changes in different water masses during four seasons.According to the index of relative significance(IRI),Paerargyrops edita was the most important dominant species in summer,and the common dominant species in spring,summer and autumn.Based on theβvalue,the seasonal change in fish density was closely correlated with the dominant species,and had the same distribution characteristics.In the survey area,foraging juveniles were predominant.This area was the important spawning,nursing and feeding grounds in Beibu Gulf fishing ground and played an important role in the supplement of the entire Beibu Gulf fish resources.
The distribution characteristics and seasonal quantitative changes in fish stocks as well as their influential factors were studied by the data from four oceanographic surveys in Guangxi offshore in the Northwest Beibu Gulf in spring(April),summer(August),autumn(November)and winter(January)in2012,along with synchronous hydrological features.The results showed that there were 125 fish species in the waters,and the density of fish in terms of weight was the maximum in summer(402.462kg/km~2),followed by spring(343.22kg/km~2)and autumn(145.13kg/km~2),and least in winter(53.99kg/km~2).By contrast,the density of fish in terms of number was the maximum in spring(84.34×10~3 ind/km~2),intermediate in summer(51.54×10~3 ind/km~2)and autumn(26.53×10~3 ind/km~2),and least in winter(16.81×10~3 ind/km~2).The maximal average body length of fish was observed in spring(7.15cm),while the maximal average body weight in summer(7.65g).The proportion of juvenile was the highest in summer(as high as 85.86%).From the time,the fish density was obviously higher in spring and summer than that in autumn and winter.In spatial distribution,the fish of density was higher in coastal waters than those in offshore waters,which was closely related to the changes in different water masses during four seasons.According to the index of relative significance(IRI),Paerargyrops edita was the most important dominant species in summer,and the common dominant species in spring,summer and autumn.Based on theβvalue,the seasonal change in fish density was closely correlated with the dominant species,and had the same distribution characteristics.In the survey area,foraging juveniles were predominant.This area was the important spawning,nursing and feeding grounds in Beibu Gulf fishing ground and played an important role in the supplement of the entire Beibu Gulf fish resources.
引文
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[13]Azevedo M C C,Araujo F G,Cruz-Filho A G,et al.Demersal fishes in a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil:partitioning the spatial,temporal and environmental components of ecological variation[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,75(4):468-480.
[14]Repeka R,Stankus S,Lo6ys L.Species composition and abundance of fish in shallow waters of the Lithuanian coastal zone in the Baltic Sea[J].Acta Zoologica Lituanica,2003,13(2):158-166.
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[16]阙江龙,徐兆礼,孙鲁峰.北部湾西北部饵料浮游动物季节变化及其与鱼卵、仔稚鱼的关系[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(5):1027-1035.
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[20]黄洪亮,王明彦,徐宝生,等.东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究[J].水产学报,2005,29(2):232-237.
[21]杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,等.南海区拖网网囊最小网目尺寸选择性研究[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(4):325-333.
[22]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:18-46,124-130.
[23]Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,1971(152):1-105.
[24]刘勇,马超,张澄茂.2009年春季诏安湾海域游泳动物的种类组成和多样性[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(4):137-142.
[25]齐海明,徐兆礼,陈佳杰.春秋季台州湾海域鱼类资源的时空分布特征研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1351-1359.
[26]陈作志,邱永松.北部湾二长棘鲷的生态分布[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):16-21.
[27]陈作志,邱永松.北部湾二长棘鲷的资源变动[J].南方水产,2005,1(3):26-31.
[28]蒋朝鹏,徐兆礼,陈佳杰,等.秦山核电温排水对鱼类分布的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(6):478-488.
[29]管伟,陈佳杰,徐兆礼.南日列岛西南部海区鱼类数量变化及其与水团的关系[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(3):65-71.
[30]王凯,章守宇,汪振华,等.枸杞岛海藻场褐菖鲉的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):227-235.
[31]陈波.北部湾水系形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].广西科学院学报,1986,2(2):92-95.
[32]邱成功,徐善良,齐闯,等.褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)早期生长发育与人工繁育技术研究[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2013,26(4):17-23.
[33]张其永,张雅芝.闽南—台湾浅滩二长棘鲷食性研究[J].海洋学报,1983,5(3):349-362.
[34]张月平.南海北部湾主要鱼类食物网[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(5):621-631.
[35]田伟.东海中部椒江口海域与北部湾北仑河口海域大型底栖动物群落结构的比较研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
[2]唐启升.中国专属经济区海洋生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1014-1091.
[3]王理想.北部湾海域春、秋季鱼类群落结构初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[4]孙典荣,林昭进.北部湾主要经济鱼类资源变动分析及保护对策探讨[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(2):62-68.
[5]陈嘉欣,区又君,廖银萍,等.北部湾雷州近海春、夏季鱼类群落结构初探[J].生态科学,2006,25(4):354-358.
[6]乔延龙,林昭进.北部湾地形、底质特征与渔场分布的关系[J].海洋湖沼通报,2007(增刊):232-238.
[7]乔延龙,林昭进,邱永松.北部湾秋、冬季渔业生物群落结构特征的变化[J].广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008,26(1):100-104.
[8]乔延龙,陈作志,林昭进.北部湾春、秋季渔业生物群落结构的变化[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(5):816-821.
[9]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.北部湾秋季底层鱼类多样性和优势种数量的变动趋势[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):333-342.
[10]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.北部湾鱼类多样性及优势种的时空变化[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(2):427-436.
[11]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.北部湾鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1579-1586.
[12]孙冬芳,朱文聪,艾红,等.北部湾海域鱼类物种分类多样性研究[J].广东农业科学,2010(6):4-7.
[13]Azevedo M C C,Araujo F G,Cruz-Filho A G,et al.Demersal fishes in a tropical bay in southeastern Brazil:partitioning the spatial,temporal and environmental components of ecological variation[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,75(4):468-480.
[14]Repeka R,Stankus S,Lo6ys L.Species composition and abundance of fish in shallow waters of the Lithuanian coastal zone in the Baltic Sea[J].Acta Zoologica Lituanica,2003,13(2):158-166.
[15]Piatt J F,Wells J L,Maccharles A,et al.The distribution of seabirds and fish in relation to ocean currents in the southeastern Chukchi Sea[J].Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Paper,1991,68(2):21-31.
[16]阙江龙,徐兆礼,孙鲁峰.北部湾西北部饵料浮游动物季节变化及其与鱼卵、仔稚鱼的关系[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(5):1027-1035.
[17]孙松.中国区域海洋学—生物海洋学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012:86-88.
[18]黄海水产研究所.海洋水产资源调查手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1981:8.
[19]国家海洋局.GB/T 12763.6—2007,海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:56-62.
[20]黄洪亮,王明彦,徐宝生,等.东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究[J].水产学报,2005,29(2):232-237.
[21]杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,等.南海区拖网网囊最小网目尺寸选择性研究[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(4):325-333.
[22]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:18-46,124-130.
[23]Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,1971(152):1-105.
[24]刘勇,马超,张澄茂.2009年春季诏安湾海域游泳动物的种类组成和多样性[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(4):137-142.
[25]齐海明,徐兆礼,陈佳杰.春秋季台州湾海域鱼类资源的时空分布特征研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1351-1359.
[26]陈作志,邱永松.北部湾二长棘鲷的生态分布[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):16-21.
[27]陈作志,邱永松.北部湾二长棘鲷的资源变动[J].南方水产,2005,1(3):26-31.
[28]蒋朝鹏,徐兆礼,陈佳杰,等.秦山核电温排水对鱼类分布的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(6):478-488.
[29]管伟,陈佳杰,徐兆礼.南日列岛西南部海区鱼类数量变化及其与水团的关系[J].热带海洋学报,2016,35(3):65-71.
[30]王凯,章守宇,汪振华,等.枸杞岛海藻场褐菖鲉的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):227-235.
[31]陈波.北部湾水系形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].广西科学院学报,1986,2(2):92-95.
[32]邱成功,徐善良,齐闯,等.褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)早期生长发育与人工繁育技术研究[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,2013,26(4):17-23.
[33]张其永,张雅芝.闽南—台湾浅滩二长棘鲷食性研究[J].海洋学报,1983,5(3):349-362.
[34]张月平.南海北部湾主要鱼类食物网[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(5):621-631.
[35]田伟.东海中部椒江口海域与北部湾北仑河口海域大型底栖动物群落结构的比较研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
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