煤系天然气的资源类型、形成分布与发展前景
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摘要
煤系天然气是煤系中煤、炭质泥页岩和暗色泥页岩生成的天然气,是天然气工业中极其重要的组成部分,具有巨量的资源规模,包括连续型煤层气、页岩气、致密气和圈闭型煤系气藏等资源类型。通过梳理国内外煤系天然气勘探开发进展,重点论述了圣胡安、苏拉特、西西伯利亚、鄂尔多斯盆地煤系气的形成与分布特征,明确煤系天然气是天然气供应的重要战略领域,主要取得3项认识:①欧亚东西向聚煤带和北美南北向聚煤带是全球两个主要聚煤区,晚石炭世—二叠纪、侏罗纪和晚白垩世末期—新近纪是3个主要聚煤期;②"连续型"和"圈闭型"是煤系天然气的两种主要成藏模式,提出生气强度大于10×10~8 m~3/km~2是形成煤系大气田的基本条件,揭示中高阶煤层气向斜富集、低阶煤层气源盖配置的成藏规律;③预测全球煤系天然气剩余资源潜力巨大,源外煤系气仍集中分布在中亚—俄罗斯、美国、加拿大等国家或地区,源内煤层气集中分布在12个主要国家,预测中国2030年煤系天然气产量有望超过1 000×10~8 m~3,其中常规煤系气产量为(500～550)×10~8 m~3,煤系致密气产量为(400～450)×10~8 m~3,煤层气产量有望达到(150～200)×10~8 m~3。图4表2参43
Coal-measure gas is the natural gas generated by coal, carbonaceous shale, and dark shale in coal-measure strata. It includes resources of continuous-type coalbed methane(CBM), shale gas and tight gas reservoirs, and trap-type coal-bearing gas reservoirs. Huge in resources, it is an important gas source in the natural gas industry. The formation and distribution characteristics of coal-measure gas in San Juan, Surat, West Siberia and Ordos basins are introduced in this paper. By reviewing the progress of exploration and development of coal-measure gas around the world, the coal-measure gas is confirmed as an important strategic option for gas supply. This understanding is mainly manifested in three aspects. First, globally, the Eurasian east-west coal-accumulation belt and North American north-south coal-accumulation belt are two major coal-accumulation areas in the world, and the Late Carboniferous–Permian, Jurassic and end of Late Cretaceous–Neogene are 3 main coal-accumulation periods. Second, continuous-type and trap-type are two main accumulation modes of coal-measure gas; it is proposed that the area with gas generation intensity of greater than 10×10~8 m~3/km~2 is essential for the formation of large coal-measure gas field, and the CBM generated by medium-to high-rank coal is usually enriched in syncline, while CBM generated by low-rank coal is likely to accumulate when the source rock and caprock are in good configuration. Third, it is predicted that coal-measure gas around the world has huge remaining resources, coal-measure gas outside source is concentrated in Central Asia - Russia, the United States, Canada and other countries/regions, while CBM inside source is largely concentrated in 12 countries. The production of coal-measure gas in China is expected to exceed 1000×10~8 m~3 by 2030, including(500–550)×10~8 m~3 conventional coal-measure gas,(400–450)×10~8 m~3 coal-measure tight gas, and(150–200)×10~8 m~3 CBM.
Coal-measure gas is the natural gas generated by coal, carbonaceous shale, and dark shale in coal-measure strata. It includes resources of continuous-type coalbed methane(CBM), shale gas and tight gas reservoirs, and trap-type coal-bearing gas reservoirs. Huge in resources, it is an important gas source in the natural gas industry. The formation and distribution characteristics of coal-measure gas in San Juan, Surat, West Siberia and Ordos basins are introduced in this paper. By reviewing the progress of exploration and development of coal-measure gas around the world, the coal-measure gas is confirmed as an important strategic option for gas supply. This understanding is mainly manifested in three aspects. First, globally, the Eurasian east-west coal-accumulation belt and North American north-south coal-accumulation belt are two major coal-accumulation areas in the world, and the Late Carboniferous–Permian, Jurassic and end of Late Cretaceous–Neogene are 3 main coal-accumulation periods. Second, continuous-type and trap-type are two main accumulation modes of coal-measure gas; it is proposed that the area with gas generation intensity of greater than 10×10~8 m~3/km~2 is essential for the formation of large coal-measure gas field, and the CBM generated by medium-to high-rank coal is usually enriched in syncline, while CBM generated by low-rank coal is likely to accumulate when the source rock and caprock are in good configuration. Third, it is predicted that coal-measure gas around the world has huge remaining resources, coal-measure gas outside source is concentrated in Central Asia - Russia, the United States, Canada and other countries/regions, while CBM inside source is largely concentrated in 12 countries. The production of coal-measure gas in China is expected to exceed 1000×10~8 m~3 by 2030, including(500–550)×10~8 m~3 conventional coal-measure gas,(400–450)×10~8 m~3 coal-measure tight gas, and(150–200)×10~8 m~3 CBM.
引文
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[3]戴金星,倪云燕,黄士鹏,等.煤成气研究对中国天然气工业发展的重要意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):1-22.DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,HUANG Shipeng,et al.Significant function of coal-derived gas study for natural gas industry development in China[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,2014,25(1):1-22.
[4]戴金星.成煤作用中形成的天然气与石油[J].石油勘探与开发,1979,6(3):10-17.DAI Jinxing.Petorleum and natural gas generation in coalification[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1979,6(3):10-17.
[5]孙鸿烈.20世纪中国知名科学家学术成就概览:地学卷地质学分册(卷二)[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:53-56.SUN Honglie.20th century academic overview of Chinese renowned scientists:Earth science,geology(Vol.2)(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:53-56.
[6]赵文智,王红军,钱凯.中国煤成气理论发展及其在天然气工业发展中的地位[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):280-289.ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,QIAN Kai.Progress of coal-formed gas geological theory and its status in natural gas industry in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):280-289.
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[10]李增学,魏久传,刘莹.煤地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.LI Zengxue,WEI Jiuchuan,LIU Ying.Coal geology[M].Beijing:Geology Press,2005.
[11]PASHIN J C.Stratigraphy and structure of coalbed methane reservoirs in the United States:An overview[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,1998,35:209-240.
[12]张韬.中国主要聚煤期沉积环境与聚煤规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.ZHANG Tao.Sedimentary environment and coal accumulation rules of main coal accumulation periods in China[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1995.
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[14]俞益新,唐玄,吴晓丹,等.澳大利亚苏拉特盆地煤层气地质特征及富集模式[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(3):160-167.YU Yixin,TANG Xuan,WU Xiaodan,et al.Geological characteristics and accumulation mode of coalbed methane in Surat Basin of Australia[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(3):160-167.
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[16]戴金星.中国煤成大气田及气源[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.DAI Jinxing.Giant coal-derived gas fields and their gas sources in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[17]DAI Jinxing,GONG Deyu,NI Yunyan,et al.Stable carbon isotopes of coal-derived gases sourced from the Mesozoic coal measures in China[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,74:123-142.
[18]杨华,刘新社.鄂尔多斯盆地古生界煤成气勘探进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):129-137.YANG Hua,LIU Xinshe.Progress of Paleozoic coal-derived gas exploration in Ordos Basin,West China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):129-137.
[19]付金华,魏新善,任军峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探形式与发展前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):1-13.FU Jinhua,WEI Xinshan,REN Junfeng,et al.Gas exploration and developing prospect in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):1-13.
[20]YANG Zhi,LI Qiyan,WU Songtao,et al.Evidences of the near-source accumulation of the tight sandstone gas in northern Ordos Basin,north-central China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2017,91(5):1820-1835.
[21]YANG Zhi,HE Sheng,GUO Xiaowen,et al.Formation of low permeability reservoirs and gas accumulation process in the Daniudi Gas Field,Northeast Ordos Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,75(2):222-236.
[22]邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.“连续型”油气藏及其在全球的重要性:成藏、分布与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(6):669-682.ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen,YUAN Xuanjun,et al.Global importance of continuous petroleum reservoirs:Accumulation,distribution and evaluation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(6):669-682.
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