长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率及其空间驱动机制研究
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摘要
随着资源环境约束条件日益严峻,降低工业污染排放,推动工业绿色发展,是经济发展主流趋势。作为国家战略支撑带,长江经济带工业绿色发展对推动国家生态文明建设、构建现代产业体系、加快经济高质量发展意义重大。从绿色技术创新、绿色红利外溢、绿色政策供给等维度阐述工业绿色发展效率提升的内在机理,基于2011—2016年长江经济带110个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用考虑非期望产出的全局超效率SBM模型及泰尔指数分析长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率的时空演变规律,采用空间杜宾模型SDM探究长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率提升的空间驱动机制。结果表明:①长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率呈上升态势,年均增长2. 95%,工业绿色发展内生动力显著增强;②上中下游地区城市工业绿色发展差异显著,呈梯度递减格局,下游地区城市产业结构迈向服务化,城市工业绿色发展重心逐渐向中上游地区转移;③经济发展、环境规制、工业化、对外开放是提升长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率的主要直接驱动力;④产业集聚、城镇化、技术创新对长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率直接推动作用有限,以高耗能型产业集聚为主,城市建设空间利用效率不高,绿色技术创新支撑效应有待加强;⑤环境规制、城镇化对长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率存在负向空间溢出效应,提高环境标准导致污染型产业向周边地区转移,粗放城镇化模式加剧城市间生产要素的恶性竞争;⑥产业集聚、工业化对长江经济带城市工业绿色发展的正向空间溢出效应明显,污染型产业发展模式的警示效应较强,各城市竞相布局绿色先进制造业。基于上述实证分析结果,进一步提升长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率,应加快构建统一的环境预警机制,强化绿色技术创新的支撑作用,促进产业结构优化升级,推进集约式新型城镇化,绿色承接产业转移。
With the constraints of resource and environment severer and severer,cutting down the discharge of industrial waste and promoting industrial green development have becoming mainstream trend of economic development. As the national strategic support belt,the industrial green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt( YREB) is of great significance to the construction of national ecological civilization,the establishment of modern industrial system and the acceleration of high-quality economic development. Based on its internal growth principle,this paper assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of industrial green development efficiency in cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt( YREB) by the methods of Super-SBM and Theil Index,and explored its spatial driven mechanism by Spatial Durbin Model,with the panel data of 110 cities at or above the prefecture level in YREB. The results suggested the following findings. Industrial green development efficiency of cities in the YREB was in the increasing trend,with annual growth rate of 2. 95%.The endogenic impetus to promote YREB's industrial green development had strengthened. The efficiency in the upper,middle and lower reaches of YREB showed a gradient decreasing pattern. Economic development,environmental regulation,industrialization and opening-up were the main forces to improve the efficiency directly. Industrial agglomeration,urbanization and technical innovation could not promote efficiency obviously. Environmental regulation and urbanization had negative spatial spillover effects on the nearby cities' efficiency in YREB. On the contrary,spatial effects of the industrial agglomeration and industrialization were positive. Based on the empirical analysis,to improve the cities' efficiency,it is necessary to establish unified environmental early-warning mechanism,strengthen the supporting function of green technical innovation,adjust and upgrade industrial structure,implement the policy of new urbanization and undertake green industrial transfer.
With the constraints of resource and environment severer and severer,cutting down the discharge of industrial waste and promoting industrial green development have becoming mainstream trend of economic development. As the national strategic support belt,the industrial green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt( YREB) is of great significance to the construction of national ecological civilization,the establishment of modern industrial system and the acceleration of high-quality economic development. Based on its internal growth principle,this paper assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of industrial green development efficiency in cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt( YREB) by the methods of Super-SBM and Theil Index,and explored its spatial driven mechanism by Spatial Durbin Model,with the panel data of 110 cities at or above the prefecture level in YREB. The results suggested the following findings. Industrial green development efficiency of cities in the YREB was in the increasing trend,with annual growth rate of 2. 95%.The endogenic impetus to promote YREB's industrial green development had strengthened. The efficiency in the upper,middle and lower reaches of YREB showed a gradient decreasing pattern. Economic development,environmental regulation,industrialization and opening-up were the main forces to improve the efficiency directly. Industrial agglomeration,urbanization and technical innovation could not promote efficiency obviously. Environmental regulation and urbanization had negative spatial spillover effects on the nearby cities' efficiency in YREB. On the contrary,spatial effects of the industrial agglomeration and industrialization were positive. Based on the empirical analysis,to improve the cities' efficiency,it is necessary to establish unified environmental early-warning mechanism,strengthen the supporting function of green technical innovation,adjust and upgrade industrial structure,implement the policy of new urbanization and undertake green industrial transfer.
引文
[1]卢丽文，宋德勇，李小帆．长江经济带城市发展绿色效率研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2016,26(6):35-42.
[2]涂正革，王秋皓．中国工业绿色发展的评价及动力研究——基于地级以上城市数据门限回归的证据[J]．中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)，2018,18(1):47-56.
[3]王惠，苗壮，王树乔．空间溢出、产业集聚效应与工业绿色创新效率[J]．中国科技论坛，2015(12):33-38.
[4]徐成龙，庄贵阳．供给侧改革驱动中国工业绿色发展的动力结构及时空效应[J]．地理科学，2018,38(6):849-858.
[5]黄磊，吴传清．长江经济带生态环境绩效评估及其提升方略[J]．改革，2018(7):116-126.
[6]YANG X,LI C. Industrial environmental efficiency,foreign direct investment and export:evidence from 30 provinces in China[J].Journal of cleaner production,2019,212:1490-1498.
[7]李强，高楠．长江经济带生态效率时空格局演化及影响因素研究[J]．重庆大学学报(社会科学版)，2018,24(3):29-37.
[8]李小玉，邱信丰．长江中游城市群工业绿色发展协作机制研究[J]．经济纵横，2017(10):67-74.
[9]VERFAILLIE H A,BIDWELL R. Measuring eco-efficiency:a guide to reporting company performance[R]. Geneva:World Business Council for Sustainable Development,2010:5-36.
[10]何小钢，王自力．能源偏向型技术进步与绿色增长转型——基于中国33个行业的实证考察[J]．中国工业经济，2015(2):50-62.
[11]胡志强，苗健铭，苗长虹．中国地市工业集聚与污染排放的空间特征及计量检验[J]．地理科学，2018,38(2):168-176.
[12]王兵，戴敏，武文杰．环保基地政策提高了企业环境绩效吗?——来自东莞市企业微观面板数据的证据[J]．金融研究，2017(4):143-160.
[13]TONE K. A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European journal of operational research,2001,130(3):498-509.
[14]OH D H. A global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index[J].Journal of poductivity analysis,2010,34(3):183-197.
[15]李琳，刘琛．互联网、禀赋结构与长江经济带工业绿色全要素生产率——基于三大城市群108个城市的实证分析[J]．华东经济管理，2018,32(7):5-11.
[16]汪克亮，黄晴晴，孟祥瑞．基于环境压力的矿业城市工业生态效率[J]．系统工程，2017,35(2):36-44.
[17]陶锋，王余妃．环境规制、研发偏向与工业绿色生产率——“波特假说”再检验[J]．暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)，2018,40(5):45-60.
[18]刘金林，冉茂盛．环境规制、行业异质性与区域产业集聚——基于省际动态面板数据模型的GMM方法[J]．财经论丛，2015(1):16-23.
[19]岳鸿飞，徐颖，吴璘．技术创新方式选择与中国工业绿色转型的实证分析[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2017,27(12):196-206.
[20]雷潇雨，龚六堂．基于土地出让的工业化与城镇化[J]．管理世界，2014(9):29-41.
[21]张江雪，王溪薇．中国区域工业绿色增长指数及其影响因素研究[J]．软科学，2013,27(10):92-96.
[22]LEE J. The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use,carbon emissions and economic growth[J]. Energy policy,2013,55:483-489.
[23]林伯强，刘泓汛．对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率——以中国工业行业为例[J]．经济研究，2015,50(9):127-141.
[24]ELHORST J P. Spatial econometrics:from cross-sectional data to spatial panels[M]. Heidelberg:Springer,2014:37-67.
[25]LEE L F,YU J. Estimation of spatial autoregressive panel data models with fixed effects[J]. Journal of econometrics,2010,154(2):165-185.
[26]LESAGE J,PACE R K. Introduction to spatial econometrics[M].Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,2009:189-210.
[27]沈坤荣，金刚，方娴．环境规制引起了污染就近转移吗?[J]．经济研究，2017(5):44-59.
[28]卢燕群，袁鹏．中国省域工业生态效率及影响因素的空间计量分析[J]．资源科学，2017,39(7):1326-1337.
[29]谢冬水．地方政府竞争、土地垄断供给与城市化发展失衡[J]．财经研究，2016(4):102-111.
[30]黄磊，吴传清.长江经济带工业绿色创新发展效率及其协同效应[J]．重庆大学学报(社会科学版)，2019,25(3):1-13.
[2]涂正革，王秋皓．中国工业绿色发展的评价及动力研究——基于地级以上城市数据门限回归的证据[J]．中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)，2018,18(1):47-56.
[3]王惠，苗壮，王树乔．空间溢出、产业集聚效应与工业绿色创新效率[J]．中国科技论坛，2015(12):33-38.
[4]徐成龙，庄贵阳．供给侧改革驱动中国工业绿色发展的动力结构及时空效应[J]．地理科学，2018,38(6):849-858.
[5]黄磊，吴传清．长江经济带生态环境绩效评估及其提升方略[J]．改革，2018(7):116-126.
[6]YANG X,LI C. Industrial environmental efficiency,foreign direct investment and export:evidence from 30 provinces in China[J].Journal of cleaner production,2019,212:1490-1498.
[7]李强，高楠．长江经济带生态效率时空格局演化及影响因素研究[J]．重庆大学学报(社会科学版)，2018,24(3):29-37.
[8]李小玉，邱信丰．长江中游城市群工业绿色发展协作机制研究[J]．经济纵横，2017(10):67-74.
[9]VERFAILLIE H A,BIDWELL R. Measuring eco-efficiency:a guide to reporting company performance[R]. Geneva:World Business Council for Sustainable Development,2010:5-36.
[10]何小钢，王自力．能源偏向型技术进步与绿色增长转型——基于中国33个行业的实证考察[J]．中国工业经济，2015(2):50-62.
[11]胡志强，苗健铭，苗长虹．中国地市工业集聚与污染排放的空间特征及计量检验[J]．地理科学，2018,38(2):168-176.
[12]王兵，戴敏，武文杰．环保基地政策提高了企业环境绩效吗?——来自东莞市企业微观面板数据的证据[J]．金融研究，2017(4):143-160.
[13]TONE K. A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European journal of operational research,2001,130(3):498-509.
[14]OH D H. A global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index[J].Journal of poductivity analysis,2010,34(3):183-197.
[15]李琳，刘琛．互联网、禀赋结构与长江经济带工业绿色全要素生产率——基于三大城市群108个城市的实证分析[J]．华东经济管理，2018,32(7):5-11.
[16]汪克亮，黄晴晴，孟祥瑞．基于环境压力的矿业城市工业生态效率[J]．系统工程，2017,35(2):36-44.
[17]陶锋，王余妃．环境规制、研发偏向与工业绿色生产率——“波特假说”再检验[J]．暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)，2018,40(5):45-60.
[18]刘金林，冉茂盛．环境规制、行业异质性与区域产业集聚——基于省际动态面板数据模型的GMM方法[J]．财经论丛，2015(1):16-23.
[19]岳鸿飞，徐颖，吴璘．技术创新方式选择与中国工业绿色转型的实证分析[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2017,27(12):196-206.
[20]雷潇雨，龚六堂．基于土地出让的工业化与城镇化[J]．管理世界，2014(9):29-41.
[21]张江雪，王溪薇．中国区域工业绿色增长指数及其影响因素研究[J]．软科学，2013,27(10):92-96.
[22]LEE J. The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use,carbon emissions and economic growth[J]. Energy policy,2013,55:483-489.
[23]林伯强，刘泓汛．对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率——以中国工业行业为例[J]．经济研究，2015,50(9):127-141.
[24]ELHORST J P. Spatial econometrics:from cross-sectional data to spatial panels[M]. Heidelberg:Springer,2014:37-67.
[25]LEE L F,YU J. Estimation of spatial autoregressive panel data models with fixed effects[J]. Journal of econometrics,2010,154(2):165-185.
[26]LESAGE J,PACE R K. Introduction to spatial econometrics[M].Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press,2009:189-210.
[27]沈坤荣，金刚，方娴．环境规制引起了污染就近转移吗?[J]．经济研究，2017(5):44-59.
[28]卢燕群，袁鹏．中国省域工业生态效率及影响因素的空间计量分析[J]．资源科学，2017,39(7):1326-1337.
[29]谢冬水．地方政府竞争、土地垄断供给与城市化发展失衡[J]．财经研究，2016(4):102-111.
[30]黄磊，吴传清.长江经济带工业绿色创新发展效率及其协同效应[J]．重庆大学学报(社会科学版)，2019,25(3):1-13.
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