长江水系中华绒螯蟹资源保护与可持续利用管理对策研究
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摘要
[目的]为保护我国中华绒螯蟹天然资源,完善资源管理制度,制定可持续的资源开发利用政策。[方法]采用文献调研、政策分析和统筹研究等方法,在总结剖析我国中华绒螯蟹资源开发与管理实践的经验教训基础上,针对影响中华绒螯蟹资源可持续利用存在的水利工程、湖泊围垦、水质污染、酷鱼滥捕等主要问题,综合应用资源生态、资源管理等多学科理论开展研究分析。[结果]提出了5条中华绒螯蟹资源可持续利用管理策略:(1)扩大放流规模,加强增殖保护,尽快恢复中华绒螯蟹资源和自然种群规模;(2)控制捕捞强度,落实限额捕捞制度,全面保护好中华绒螯蟹亲蟹、抱卵蟹、幼蟹和蟹苗资源;(3)强化渔政管理,加强巡航检查,及时取缔各种有害渔具渔法,严厉查处违规非法捕捞行为;(4)加强资源监测,科学评价放流效果,指导资源增殖管理与可持续利用;(5)开展种质管理,建立中华绒鳌蟹种质评价标准,防止种质混杂和退化。[结论]建议中华绒螯蟹资源保护要坚持保护优先原则,加强水污染治理,理顺监管体制,建立增殖放流及相关配套制度,以及加大资源保护宣传力度等。
This study aims toprotect the Eriocheir sinensis resources, improve the resource management system and formulate sustainable resource development and utilization policies in China. On the basis of summarizing the experience and lessons of the development and management of Eriocheir sinensis resources, this study used literature research, policy analysis and methods of research as a whole, aiming at the main problems affecting the sustainable utilization of Eriocheir sinensis resources, such as water conservancy projects, lakes reclamation, water quality pollution, and overfishing, comprehensive application of resource ecology, resource management and other multidisciplinary theories to carry out research and analysis, and then five strategies for sustainable utilization of Eriocheir sinensis resources were proposedas follows. Firstly, expanding the scale of release, strengthening the protection of proliferation to restore the natural population size of Eriocheir sinensis as soon as possible. Secondly, to control the fishing intensity and implement the quota fishing system to fully protect theresources of the crab, berried crab, young crab and crab seedlings.Thirdly, strengthening the administration of fisheries, increasing cruise inspections, eliminating all kinds of harmful fishing and fishing laws, and cracking down on illegal fishing practices. Fourthly, strengthening resources monitoring, scientific assessment of the flow, guiding the management and sustainable use of resources. Finally, conducting the management of the species and establishing the germplasm evaluation standard of Eriocheir sinensis to prevent the germplasm hybridization and germplasm degeneration of the species. At last it also put forward suggestions, such as adhering to the principle of protecting priority, strengthening the management of water pollution, rationalizing the regulatory system, establishing the system of proliferating and discharging, and strengthening the publicity ofresources protection.
This study aims toprotect the Eriocheir sinensis resources, improve the resource management system and formulate sustainable resource development and utilization policies in China. On the basis of summarizing the experience and lessons of the development and management of Eriocheir sinensis resources, this study used literature research, policy analysis and methods of research as a whole, aiming at the main problems affecting the sustainable utilization of Eriocheir sinensis resources, such as water conservancy projects, lakes reclamation, water quality pollution, and overfishing, comprehensive application of resource ecology, resource management and other multidisciplinary theories to carry out research and analysis, and then five strategies for sustainable utilization of Eriocheir sinensis resources were proposedas follows. Firstly, expanding the scale of release, strengthening the protection of proliferation to restore the natural population size of Eriocheir sinensis as soon as possible. Secondly, to control the fishing intensity and implement the quota fishing system to fully protect theresources of the crab, berried crab, young crab and crab seedlings.Thirdly, strengthening the administration of fisheries, increasing cruise inspections, eliminating all kinds of harmful fishing and fishing laws, and cracking down on illegal fishing practices. Fourthly, strengthening resources monitoring, scientific assessment of the flow, guiding the management and sustainable use of resources. Finally, conducting the management of the species and establishing the germplasm evaluation standard of Eriocheir sinensis to prevent the germplasm hybridization and germplasm degeneration of the species. At last it also put forward suggestions, such as adhering to the principle of protecting priority, strengthening the management of water pollution, rationalizing the regulatory system, establishing the system of proliferating and discharging, and strengthening the publicity ofresources protection.
引文
[1] 谷孝鸿,赵福顺.长江中华绒螯蟹的资源与养殖现状及其种质保护.湖泊科学,2001,13(3):267-271.
[2] 张列士,朱选才,宫伦祥,等.河蟹生活史的研究及蟹苗的捕捞.水产科技情报,1973(2):5-21.
[3] 张列士,朱传龙,杨杰,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹及蟹苗资源变动的研究.上海市水产研究所研究报告第三集.1989.1-14.
[4] 施炜纲,周昕,杜晓燕.长江中下游中华绒螯蟹亲体资源动态研究.水生生物学报,2002(6):641-647.
[5] 冯广朋,庄平,张涛,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹资源增殖技术.北京:科学出版社,2017.34-58.
[6] 施炜钢.近年长江中、下游河蟹资源变动特征及原因.淡水渔业,1992(2):39-40.
[7] 刘凯,段金荣,徐东坡,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹亲体捕捞量现状及波动原因.湖泊科学,2007,19(2):212-217.
[8] 王利民.长江中下游渔业资源变动及其保护对策研究.中国科学院水生生物研究所,2003.
[9] 王成辉,李思发.中华绒螯蟹种质研究进展.中国水产科学,2002(1):82-86.
[10] 俞连福,李长松,陈卫忠,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹蟹苗数量分布及其资源保护对策.水产学报,1999(S1):34-38.
[11] 施炜纲,张敏莹,刘凯,等.水工工程对长江下游渔业的胁迫与补偿.湖泊科学,2009,21(1):10-20.
[12] 姜加虎,黄群,孙占东.长江流域湖泊湿地生态环境状况分析.生态环境,2006(2):424-429.
[13] 张列士,朱传龙,杨杰,等.长江口河蟹繁殖场环境调查.水产科技情报,1988(1):3-11.
[14] 施铭,祝龙彪.长江口河蟹蟹苗资源量调查分析.生态学杂志,1986(4):12-15.
[15] 徐东坡,刘凯,段金荣,等.长江下游中华绒螯蟹成蟹资源现状(2007—2011年).长江流域资源与环境,2015(1):39-44.
[16] 罗刚,庄平,赵峰,等.我国水生生物增殖放流物种选择发展现状、存在问题及对策.海洋渔业,2016,38(5):551-560.
[17] 严小燕,陈志峰,刘宇峰,等.供给侧改革下的福建优势特色渔业竞争力评价与空间布局优化.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(12):205-215.
[18] 樊祥国.我国河蟹养殖的现状和发展对策.中国渔业经济研究,2000(4):14-15.
[19] 朱钰良.关于发展河蟹产业化经营的探讨.中国农业资源与区划,1998,19(4):56-58.
[20] 钱银龙.我国中华绒螯蟹资源和养殖生产管理现状及发展建议.现代渔业信息,1998,13(2):12-17.
[2] 张列士,朱选才,宫伦祥,等.河蟹生活史的研究及蟹苗的捕捞.水产科技情报,1973(2):5-21.
[3] 张列士,朱传龙,杨杰,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹及蟹苗资源变动的研究.上海市水产研究所研究报告第三集.1989.1-14.
[4] 施炜纲,周昕,杜晓燕.长江中下游中华绒螯蟹亲体资源动态研究.水生生物学报,2002(6):641-647.
[5] 冯广朋,庄平,张涛,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹资源增殖技术.北京:科学出版社,2017.34-58.
[6] 施炜钢.近年长江中、下游河蟹资源变动特征及原因.淡水渔业,1992(2):39-40.
[7] 刘凯,段金荣,徐东坡,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹亲体捕捞量现状及波动原因.湖泊科学,2007,19(2):212-217.
[8] 王利民.长江中下游渔业资源变动及其保护对策研究.中国科学院水生生物研究所,2003.
[9] 王成辉,李思发.中华绒螯蟹种质研究进展.中国水产科学,2002(1):82-86.
[10] 俞连福,李长松,陈卫忠,等.长江口中华绒螯蟹蟹苗数量分布及其资源保护对策.水产学报,1999(S1):34-38.
[11] 施炜纲,张敏莹,刘凯,等.水工工程对长江下游渔业的胁迫与补偿.湖泊科学,2009,21(1):10-20.
[12] 姜加虎,黄群,孙占东.长江流域湖泊湿地生态环境状况分析.生态环境,2006(2):424-429.
[13] 张列士,朱传龙,杨杰,等.长江口河蟹繁殖场环境调查.水产科技情报,1988(1):3-11.
[14] 施铭,祝龙彪.长江口河蟹蟹苗资源量调查分析.生态学杂志,1986(4):12-15.
[15] 徐东坡,刘凯,段金荣,等.长江下游中华绒螯蟹成蟹资源现状(2007—2011年).长江流域资源与环境,2015(1):39-44.
[16] 罗刚,庄平,赵峰,等.我国水生生物增殖放流物种选择发展现状、存在问题及对策.海洋渔业,2016,38(5):551-560.
[17] 严小燕,陈志峰,刘宇峰,等.供给侧改革下的福建优势特色渔业竞争力评价与空间布局优化.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(12):205-215.
[18] 樊祥国.我国河蟹养殖的现状和发展对策.中国渔业经济研究,2000(4):14-15.
[19] 朱钰良.关于发展河蟹产业化经营的探讨.中国农业资源与区划,1998,19(4):56-58.
[20] 钱银龙.我国中华绒螯蟹资源和养殖生产管理现状及发展建议.现代渔业信息,1998,13(2):12-17.
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