潮汐作用对黄河三角洲盐沼湿地甲烷排放的影响
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摘要
盐沼湿地作为陆海交互作用的过渡带是CH_4重要的自然来源。潮汐活动通过影响CH_4的产生、氧化和传输驱动了湿地CH_4间歇性、周期性的排放。利用涡度相关和微气象监测技术,对黄河三角洲一个盐地碱蓬生态系统CH_4通量、环境因子和水文要素(潮汐)进行了长期连续监测分析了该生态系统生长季CH_4排放的季节动态及潮汐作用对CH_4排放的影响。结果表明:生长季该生态系统是CH_4的排放源,排放日均值为0.063 mg m~(-2) h~(-1),(范围为-0.36—0.57 mg m~(-2) h~(-1))。潮汐淹水阶段和落潮后湿润阶段表现为CH_4的显著源。此外我们发现,短期潮汐活动引起土壤干湿状况的变化促进了CH_4脉冲式的排放,因此未来气候变化下温度升高和降雨季节分配引起的土壤干湿变化将会对该区域CH_4排放甚至碳循环产生积极影响。
Salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are considered to be a potential natural source of methane(CH_4). By controlling the production, oxidation, and transport of CH_4 in soils, tidal action drives the episodic and high-magnitude emissions of CH_4 from coastal wetlands. Using the eddy covariance technique, we measured the CH_4 fluxes, environmental factors, and tidal dynamics in a salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta in China. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of CH_4 emissions in the growing season and to analyze the effect of tidal action on CH_4 emission. The results showed that the mean daily methane was 0.063 mg m~(-2) h~(-1), ranging from-0.36 to 0.57 mg m~(-2) h~(-1), during the growing season. Tidal flooding and the wet stage after tides are the significant sources of CH_4. Drying and wetting cycles induced by short-term tides resulted in pulsed CH_4 emissions. Therefore, the soil drought and wetting induced by increasing temperatures and precipitation distribution under climate change will positively impact CH_4 emissions and the carbon cycle in the region.
Salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are considered to be a potential natural source of methane(CH_4). By controlling the production, oxidation, and transport of CH_4 in soils, tidal action drives the episodic and high-magnitude emissions of CH_4 from coastal wetlands. Using the eddy covariance technique, we measured the CH_4 fluxes, environmental factors, and tidal dynamics in a salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta in China. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of CH_4 emissions in the growing season and to analyze the effect of tidal action on CH_4 emission. The results showed that the mean daily methane was 0.063 mg m~(-2) h~(-1), ranging from-0.36 to 0.57 mg m~(-2) h~(-1), during the growing season. Tidal flooding and the wet stage after tides are the significant sources of CH_4. Drying and wetting cycles induced by short-term tides resulted in pulsed CH_4 emissions. Therefore, the soil drought and wetting induced by increasing temperatures and precipitation distribution under climate change will positively impact CH_4 emissions and the carbon cycle in the region.
引文
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[10] 姜欢欢,孙志高,王玲玲,牟晓杰,孙万龙,宋红丽,孙文广.秋季黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征及影响因素研究.环境科学,2012,33(2):565- 573.
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[14] Deppe M,McKnight D M,Blodau C.Effects of short-term drying and irrigation on electron flow in mesocosms of a northern bog and an alpine fen.Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(1):80- 86.
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[16] Han G X,Xing Q H,Yu J B,Luo Y Q,Li D J,Yang L Q,Wang G M,Mao P L,Xie B H,Mikle N.Agricultural reclamation effects on ecosystem CO2 exchange of a coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta.Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2014,196:187- 196.
[17] Cui B S,Yang Q C,Yang Z F,Zhang K J.Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta,China.Ecological Engineering,2009,35(7):1090- 1103.
[18] Fan X,Pedroli B,Liu G,Liu Q,Liu H,Shu L.Soil salinity development in the Yellow River Delta in relation to groundwater dynamics.Land Degradation & Development,2012,23(2):175- 189.
[19] Han G X,Chu X J,Xing Q H,Li D J,Yu J B,Luo Y Q Wang G M,Mao P L,Rashad R.Effects of episodic flooding on the net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a supratidal wetland in the Yellow River Delta.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2015,120(8):1506- 1520.
[20] 贺文君,韩广轩,许延宁,张希涛,王安东,车纯广,孙宝玉,张孝帅.潮汐作用下干湿交替对黄河三角洲盐沼湿地净生态系统CO2交换的影响.应用生态学报,2018,29(1):269- 277.
[21] 韩广轩.潮汐作用和干湿交替对盐沼湿地碳交换的影响机制研究进展.生态学报,2017,37(24):8170- 8178.
[22] Baldocchi D D.Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems:past,present and future.Global Change Biology,2003,9(4):479- 492.
[23] 宋创业,刘高焕,刘庆生,曹铭昌,黄翀.黄河三角洲植物群落分布格局及其影响因素.生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2042- 2048.
[24] 邢庆会,韩广轩,于君宝,吴立新,杨利琼,毛培利,王光美,谢宝华.黄河口潮间盐沼湿地生长季净生态系统CO2交换特征及其影响因素.生态学报,2014,34(17):4966- 4979.
[25] 杨利琼,韩广轩,于君宝,吴立新,朱敏,邢庆会,王光美,毛培利.开垦对黄河三角洲湿地净生态系统CO2交换的影响.植物生态学报,2013,37(6):503- 516.
[26] 范晓梅,刘高焕,唐志鹏,束龙仓.黄河三角洲土壤盐渍化影响因素分析.水土保持学报,2010,24(1):139- 144.
[27] 高佳,陈学恩,于华明,Li M.黄河口海域潮汐、潮流、余流、切变锋数值模拟.中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(S1):41- 48.
[28] 贺文君.潮汐作用对黄河三角洲盐沼湿地生态系统CO2和CH4交换的影响.硕士学位论文.中国科学院大学(中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所),2018.
[29] 黄国宏,肖笃宁,李玉祥,陈冠雄,杨玉成,赵长伟.芦苇湿地温室气体甲烷(CH4)排放研究.生态学报,2001,21(9):1494- 1497.
[30] 王慧,赵化德,张世宇,刘长安,关道明.碱蓬湿地CH4排放通量及影响因素研究.海洋环境科学,2012,31(2):173- 175.
[31] 曾从盛,王维奇,张林海,林璐莹,艾金泉,章文龙.闽江河口短叶茳芏潮汐湿地甲烷排放通量.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):500- 504.
[32] Holm Jr G O,Perez B C,McWhorter D E,Krauss K W,Johnson D J,Raynie R C,Killebrew C J.Ecosystem level methane fluxes from tidal freshwater and brackish marshes of the Mississippi River Delta:implications for coastal wetland carbon projects.Wetlands,2016,36(3):401- 413.
[33] Chu H S,Chen J Q,Gottgens J F,Ouyang Z T,John R,Czajkowski K,Becker R.Net ecosystem methane and carbon dioxide exchanges in a Lake Erie coastal marsh and a nearby cropland.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2014,119(5):722- 740.
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