土壤样品中重金属元素前处理技术探讨
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摘要
土壤样品常用前处理体系:酸消解法和熔融法。酸消解法包括敞开式酸消解和高压密闭消解法,主要讨论HNO4+HClO4+HF+HCl常压消解体系、HNO4+HF密闭罐消解体系和HNO4+HCl+HF微波消解体系。通过对三种消解体系的消解效果(检出限、准确度和重复性)进行分析,三种消解体系都能满足当前土壤中重金属的检测需求,电热板消解和密闭罐消解用酸量大,产生大量的酸雾,对操作者的健康和环境有影响,消解时间长且敞口消解容易交叉污染。微波消解法简捷、快速、基体效应小,但一次消解样品数量少,仪器价格昂贵。
Soil sample pretreatment system: acid digestion and melting. Acid elimination methods include open acid digestion and high pressure closed digestion. This paper mainly discusses HNO_4+ HClO_4+ HF + HCl atmospheric pressure digestion system, HNO_4+ HF closed tank digestion system and HNO_4+ HCl + HF microwave digestion system.Through the analysis of the digestion effect(detection limit, accuracy and repeatability) of the three digestion systems, the three digestion systems can meet the detection needs of heavy metals in the current soil, and the amount of acid used for the digestion of electric heat plates and closed tanks is large. A large amount of acid fog has an impact on the operator's health and environment, and the elimination time is long and the exposure to the solution is easy to cross pollution. The microwave elimination method is simple, fast, and the matrix effect is small, but the number of single digestion samples is small and the instrument is expensive.
Soil sample pretreatment system: acid digestion and melting. Acid elimination methods include open acid digestion and high pressure closed digestion. This paper mainly discusses HNO_4+ HClO_4+ HF + HCl atmospheric pressure digestion system, HNO_4+ HF closed tank digestion system and HNO_4+ HCl + HF microwave digestion system.Through the analysis of the digestion effect(detection limit, accuracy and repeatability) of the three digestion systems, the three digestion systems can meet the detection needs of heavy metals in the current soil, and the amount of acid used for the digestion of electric heat plates and closed tanks is large. A large amount of acid fog has an impact on the operator's health and environment, and the elimination time is long and the exposure to the solution is easy to cross pollution. The microwave elimination method is simple, fast, and the matrix effect is small, but the number of single digestion samples is small and the instrument is expensive.
引文
[1]刘霞，刘树庆，王胜爱．河北主要土壤中Cd和Pb的形态分布及其影响因素[J]．土壤学报，2002,40(3):393-400.
[2]林芗华，刘佳敏．福建漳州市香蕉园土壤重金属污染调查分析[J].亚热带植物科学,2011,40(1):31-33.
[3]张浩，王济，曾希柏，等．城市土壤重金属污染及其生态环境效应[J]．环境监测管理与技术，2010,22(2):11-18.
[4]莫昌琍．城市土壤重金属污染及治理对策[J]．北方环境，2011,23(5):127-128.
[5]李海峰,王庆仁,朱永官.土壤重金属测定两种前处理方法的比较[J].环境化学, 2006, 1(1):108-109.
[6]刘爱明,杨柳,庄红波,等．生态环境中重金属的化学形态转化及影响因素研究[J]．安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13644-13645.
[7]张芙蕖，蒋晶晶．三种土壤消解方法的对比研究[J]．环境科学与管理，2008,33(3):132-134.
[8]陈山．土壤重金属测定的前处理的方法的改进[J]．北方环境，2012,23(12):155-156.
[9]叶少媚,李云松,杨秋菊,等．全自动石墨消解-连续光源原子吸收光谱法顺序测定土壤中9种金属元素[J]．现代农业科技，2016(10):161-162.
[10]黄勤,凤海元,吴忠忠．电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定环境评价性土壤中铬铜镉铅[J]．化学研究与应用，2017(9):1444-1448.
[11]王北洪．密闭高压消解罐消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤重金属[J]．农业工程学报，2008,24(S2):255-259.
[12]苏荣,王晓飞,洪欣,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中10种重金属元素[J].现代化工, 2015, 35(1):175-177.
[13] GB 15618-1995，中华人民共和国国家标准：土壤环境质量标准[S].
[14] J 168—2010，环境监测分析方法标准制修订技术导则[S]．
[2]林芗华，刘佳敏．福建漳州市香蕉园土壤重金属污染调查分析[J].亚热带植物科学,2011,40(1):31-33.
[3]张浩，王济，曾希柏，等．城市土壤重金属污染及其生态环境效应[J]．环境监测管理与技术，2010,22(2):11-18.
[4]莫昌琍．城市土壤重金属污染及治理对策[J]．北方环境，2011,23(5):127-128.
[5]李海峰,王庆仁,朱永官.土壤重金属测定两种前处理方法的比较[J].环境化学, 2006, 1(1):108-109.
[6]刘爱明,杨柳,庄红波,等．生态环境中重金属的化学形态转化及影响因素研究[J]．安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13644-13645.
[7]张芙蕖，蒋晶晶．三种土壤消解方法的对比研究[J]．环境科学与管理，2008,33(3):132-134.
[8]陈山．土壤重金属测定的前处理的方法的改进[J]．北方环境，2012,23(12):155-156.
[9]叶少媚,李云松,杨秋菊,等．全自动石墨消解-连续光源原子吸收光谱法顺序测定土壤中9种金属元素[J]．现代农业科技，2016(10):161-162.
[10]黄勤,凤海元,吴忠忠．电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定环境评价性土壤中铬铜镉铅[J]．化学研究与应用，2017(9):1444-1448.
[11]王北洪．密闭高压消解罐消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤重金属[J]．农业工程学报，2008,24(S2):255-259.
[12]苏荣,王晓飞,洪欣,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中10种重金属元素[J].现代化工, 2015, 35(1):175-177.
[13] GB 15618-1995，中华人民共和国国家标准：土壤环境质量标准[S].
[14] J 168—2010，环境监测分析方法标准制修订技术导则[S]．
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