冬季作物上主要蓟马的组成及吡虫啉的毒力测定
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摘要
为明确冬季作物花期主要蓟马的组成、空间分布及吡虫啉对其的毒力情况,采用5个聚集度指标、Iwao和Taylor模型对云南省砚山县冬季常见作物花期的主要蓟马种类和空间分布进行研究,并采用浸液饲喂法测定吡虫啉对主要蓟马的毒力。结果表明,冬季花期3种作物上主要蓟马为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、花蓟马(Frankliniella intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thrips flavus)、烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci);不同作物上蓟马的组成比例存在差异,豌豆上的优势种为西花蓟马,萝卜和油菜上的优势种为黄蓟马;黄蓟马在萝卜上的种群密度最高(14.356头/株),花蓟马在豌豆上的种群密度最低(1.889头/株)。聚集度指标分析结果表明,4种蓟马在不同作物上均为聚集分布,且蓟马个体间表现出相互吸引;单种蓟马种群密度与聚集度呈正相关性,即随种群密度的增大聚集度增大,蓟马成虫的聚集主要是由自身习性造成。毒力测定结果表明,4种蓟马对吡虫啉的敏感性依次为黄蓟马(LC_(50)=174.263 mg/L)>烟蓟马(LC_(50)=203.089 mg/L)>花蓟马(LC_(50)=263.104 mg/L)>西花蓟马(LC_(50)=390.132 mg/L),西花蓟马表现出相对较高的抗药性。蓟马在常见作物上能安全越冬和危害,成为翌年春季农作物上的虫源,应加强对这些冬季作物上越冬蓟马虫口数量的控制,同时需重点监测西花蓟马对吡虫啉抗药性增强的问题。
In order to clarify the composition and spatial distribution of main thrip species in flowering stage of winter crops and the imidacloprid toxicity to them,five aggregation indices,Iwao and Taylor models were used to study the composition and spatial distribution of main thrip species on common crops in winter during flowering stage in Yanshan county,Yunnan province,meanwhile,the toxicity of imidacloprid to the main kinds of thrips was determined by immersion feeding method.The results showed that the main thrip species on three common crops in winter during flowering stage were Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa,Thrips flavus,and Thrips tabaci.There were differences in the proportion of thrips among different crops.F.occidentalis was the dominant species on pea(Pisum sativum), while T.flavus was the dominant species on both radish(Raphanus sativus) and rapeseed(Brassica campestris).T.flavus on radish held the highest population density(14.356 individuals per plant),while F.intonsa on pea held the lowest population density(1.889 individuals per plant).The results of aggregation index analysis showed that the four species of thrips were clustered on different crops,and the individuals of thrips showed mutual attraction.The population density of single thrip was positively correlated with the degree of aggregation,that was,the degree of aggregation increased with the increase of population density,and the aggregation of adult thrips was mainly due to their own habits.The results of toxicity test showed that the sensitivity of four species of thrips to imidacloprid was T. flavus(LC_(50)=174.263 mg/L)>T.tabaci(LC_(50)=203.089 mg/L)>F.intonsa(LC_(50)=263.104 mg/L)>F.occidentalis(LC_(50)=390.132 mg/L), and F.occidentalis showed relatively higher resistance to imidacloprid among all of the tested thrip species.Thrips can safely spend winter and damage on common crops,and may become source of insects in the spring of the following year.Thrips that survive on these winter crops should be controlled emphatically.Meanwhile, the issue that F.occidentalis enhances resistance to imidacloprid needs to be monitored.
In order to clarify the composition and spatial distribution of main thrip species in flowering stage of winter crops and the imidacloprid toxicity to them,five aggregation indices,Iwao and Taylor models were used to study the composition and spatial distribution of main thrip species on common crops in winter during flowering stage in Yanshan county,Yunnan province,meanwhile,the toxicity of imidacloprid to the main kinds of thrips was determined by immersion feeding method.The results showed that the main thrip species on three common crops in winter during flowering stage were Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa,Thrips flavus,and Thrips tabaci.There were differences in the proportion of thrips among different crops.F.occidentalis was the dominant species on pea(Pisum sativum), while T.flavus was the dominant species on both radish(Raphanus sativus) and rapeseed(Brassica campestris).T.flavus on radish held the highest population density(14.356 individuals per plant),while F.intonsa on pea held the lowest population density(1.889 individuals per plant).The results of aggregation index analysis showed that the four species of thrips were clustered on different crops,and the individuals of thrips showed mutual attraction.The population density of single thrip was positively correlated with the degree of aggregation,that was,the degree of aggregation increased with the increase of population density,and the aggregation of adult thrips was mainly due to their own habits.The results of toxicity test showed that the sensitivity of four species of thrips to imidacloprid was T. flavus(LC_(50)=174.263 mg/L)>T.tabaci(LC_(50)=203.089 mg/L)>F.intonsa(LC_(50)=263.104 mg/L)>F.occidentalis(LC_(50)=390.132 mg/L), and F.occidentalis showed relatively higher resistance to imidacloprid among all of the tested thrip species.Thrips can safely spend winter and damage on common crops,and may become source of insects in the spring of the following year.Thrips that survive on these winter crops should be controlled emphatically.Meanwhile, the issue that F.occidentalis enhances resistance to imidacloprid needs to be monitored.
引文
[1] MORSE J G,HODDLE M S.Invasion biology of thrips[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2006,51(1):67-89.
[2] 丁诺.山东吴桥六区防治蓟马的初步报道[J].中国农业科学,1952(6):34-35.
[3] 张友军,吴青君,徐宝云,等.危险性外来入侵生物西花蓟马在北京发生危害[J].植物保护,2003,29(4):58-59.
[4] 王海鸿,雷仲仁,李雪,等.西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫西花蓟马[J].植物保护,2013,39(1):181-183.
[5] YUDIN L S,CHO J J,MITCHELL W C.Host range of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera:Thripidae),with special reference to Leucaena glauca[J].Environmental Entomology,1986,15(6):1292-1295.
[6] EUBANKS M D,STYRSKY J D,DENNO R F.The evolution of omnivory in heteropteran insects[J].Ecology,2003,84(10):2549-2556.
[7] KRITZMAN A,GERA A,RACCAH B,et al.The route of tomato spotted wilt virus inside the thrips body in relation to transmission efficiency[J].Archives of Virology,2002,147(11):2143-2156.
[8] GILBERTSON R L,BATUMAN O,WEBSTSR C G,et al.Role of the insect supervectors Bemisia tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis in the emergence and global spread of plant viruses[J].Annual Review of Virology,2015,2(1):67-93.
[9] 张晓明,柳青,李宜儒,等.六种常见杀虫剂对西花蓟马和花蓟马的毒力测定[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(1):215-223.
[10] GOETTE E,RYBAK M.Pest control of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) with proven insecticide resistance in cut flowers in greenhouses[J].Gesunde Pflanzen,2011,62(3):117-123.
[11] 路虹,石宝才,宫亚军,等,蔬菜常见蓟马的识别与防治[J].中国蔬菜,2006(11):53-55.
[12] 杨真,谢永辉,张宏瑞,等.云南省烟田蓟马种类和分布调查[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(3):88-93.
[13] 蒋兴川,张勇,桂富荣,等.辣椒植株上西花蓟马的种群动态和空间分布[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(4):465-471.
[14] COX L,KOSKINEN W C,CELIS R,et al.Sorption of imidacloprid on soil clay mineral and organic components[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1998,62(4):911-915.
[15] 王圣印,于毅,刘永杰,等.西花蓟马对吡虫啉、辛硫磷和甲维盐的抗性风险和抗性稳定性[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3429-3434.
[16] 王跃能.云南省砚山县发展现代烟草农业的优势及对策分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[17] 韩运发.中国经济昆虫志(第55册):缨翅目[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[18] 张晓明,杨念婉,万方浩.烟粉虱MED隐种在不同种植模式棉田中的分布型研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(5):560-571.
[19] 王小武,丁新华,吐尔逊,等.新疆荒漠绿洲稻区稻水象甲幼虫、蛹的空间分布型及抽样技术[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(9):1385-1394.
[20] 张晓明,胡昌雄,赵浩旭,等.吡虫啉胁迫对西花蓟马生长发育及种群性比的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(4):870-878.
[21] 胡昌雄,张晓明,李正跃,等.一种对西花蓟马进行毒性测定的装置:CN201720997430.4[P/OL].2018-04-03.http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/patentsearch/showViewList-jumpToView.shtml.
[22] 徐淑娟,张宏瑞,谢永辉,等.柑橘蓟马种类和种群季节动态[J].云南农业大学学报,2012,27(2):170-175,182.
[23] 杨建忠,刘乐芹,张葵,等.文山州冬季作物蓟马种类调查初报[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(2):68-69.
[24] 胡昌雄,李宜儒,李正跃,等.吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):453-461.
[25] CAO Y,ZHI J,ZHANG R,et al.Different population performances of Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips hawaiiensis on flowers of two horticultural plants[J].Journal of Pest Science,2018,91(1):79-91.
[26] ATAKAN E,UYGUR S.Winter and spring abundance of Frankliniella spp.and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysan.,Thripidae) on weed host plants in Turkey[J].Journal of Applied Entomology,2010,129(1):17-26.
[27] BROWN A S S,SIMMONDS M S J,BLANEY W M.Relationship between nutritional composition of plant species and infestation levels of thrips[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2002,28(12):2399-2409.
[28] 张晓明,姚茹瑜,张宏瑞,等.不同花色菊花品种上西花蓟马种群密度及雌雄性比[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(5):737-745.
[29] 蒋兴川,李志华,蒋智林,等.云南不同生态区辣椒花期蓟马种类及多样性指数比较[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(4):451-457.
[30] 张安盛,于毅,庄乾营,等.棕榈蓟马成虫在日光温室菜椒上的种群动态和空间分布[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(2):210-215.
[31] 杜广祖,瞿发文,卢朝炳,等.滇西南不同海拔高山茶园茶黄蓟马的空间格局分析[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(2):287-294.
[2] 丁诺.山东吴桥六区防治蓟马的初步报道[J].中国农业科学,1952(6):34-35.
[3] 张友军,吴青君,徐宝云,等.危险性外来入侵生物西花蓟马在北京发生危害[J].植物保护,2003,29(4):58-59.
[4] 王海鸿,雷仲仁,李雪,等.西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫西花蓟马[J].植物保护,2013,39(1):181-183.
[5] YUDIN L S,CHO J J,MITCHELL W C.Host range of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera:Thripidae),with special reference to Leucaena glauca[J].Environmental Entomology,1986,15(6):1292-1295.
[6] EUBANKS M D,STYRSKY J D,DENNO R F.The evolution of omnivory in heteropteran insects[J].Ecology,2003,84(10):2549-2556.
[7] KRITZMAN A,GERA A,RACCAH B,et al.The route of tomato spotted wilt virus inside the thrips body in relation to transmission efficiency[J].Archives of Virology,2002,147(11):2143-2156.
[8] GILBERTSON R L,BATUMAN O,WEBSTSR C G,et al.Role of the insect supervectors Bemisia tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis in the emergence and global spread of plant viruses[J].Annual Review of Virology,2015,2(1):67-93.
[9] 张晓明,柳青,李宜儒,等.六种常见杀虫剂对西花蓟马和花蓟马的毒力测定[J].环境昆虫学报,2018,40(1):215-223.
[10] GOETTE E,RYBAK M.Pest control of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) with proven insecticide resistance in cut flowers in greenhouses[J].Gesunde Pflanzen,2011,62(3):117-123.
[11] 路虹,石宝才,宫亚军,等,蔬菜常见蓟马的识别与防治[J].中国蔬菜,2006(11):53-55.
[12] 杨真,谢永辉,张宏瑞,等.云南省烟田蓟马种类和分布调查[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(3):88-93.
[13] 蒋兴川,张勇,桂富荣,等.辣椒植株上西花蓟马的种群动态和空间分布[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(4):465-471.
[14] COX L,KOSKINEN W C,CELIS R,et al.Sorption of imidacloprid on soil clay mineral and organic components[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1998,62(4):911-915.
[15] 王圣印,于毅,刘永杰,等.西花蓟马对吡虫啉、辛硫磷和甲维盐的抗性风险和抗性稳定性[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3429-3434.
[16] 王跃能.云南省砚山县发展现代烟草农业的优势及对策分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[17] 韩运发.中国经济昆虫志(第55册):缨翅目[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[18] 张晓明,杨念婉,万方浩.烟粉虱MED隐种在不同种植模式棉田中的分布型研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(5):560-571.
[19] 王小武,丁新华,吐尔逊,等.新疆荒漠绿洲稻区稻水象甲幼虫、蛹的空间分布型及抽样技术[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(9):1385-1394.
[20] 张晓明,胡昌雄,赵浩旭,等.吡虫啉胁迫对西花蓟马生长发育及种群性比的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(4):870-878.
[21] 胡昌雄,张晓明,李正跃,等.一种对西花蓟马进行毒性测定的装置:CN201720997430.4[P/OL].2018-04-03.http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/patentsearch/showViewList-jumpToView.shtml.
[22] 徐淑娟,张宏瑞,谢永辉,等.柑橘蓟马种类和种群季节动态[J].云南农业大学学报,2012,27(2):170-175,182.
[23] 杨建忠,刘乐芹,张葵,等.文山州冬季作物蓟马种类调查初报[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(2):68-69.
[24] 胡昌雄,李宜儒,李正跃,等.吡虫啉对西花蓟马和花蓟马种间竞争及后代发育的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):453-461.
[25] CAO Y,ZHI J,ZHANG R,et al.Different population performances of Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips hawaiiensis on flowers of two horticultural plants[J].Journal of Pest Science,2018,91(1):79-91.
[26] ATAKAN E,UYGUR S.Winter and spring abundance of Frankliniella spp.and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysan.,Thripidae) on weed host plants in Turkey[J].Journal of Applied Entomology,2010,129(1):17-26.
[27] BROWN A S S,SIMMONDS M S J,BLANEY W M.Relationship between nutritional composition of plant species and infestation levels of thrips[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2002,28(12):2399-2409.
[28] 张晓明,姚茹瑜,张宏瑞,等.不同花色菊花品种上西花蓟马种群密度及雌雄性比[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(5):737-745.
[29] 蒋兴川,李志华,蒋智林,等.云南不同生态区辣椒花期蓟马种类及多样性指数比较[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(4):451-457.
[30] 张安盛,于毅,庄乾营,等.棕榈蓟马成虫在日光温室菜椒上的种群动态和空间分布[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(2):210-215.
[31] 杜广祖,瞿发文,卢朝炳,等.滇西南不同海拔高山茶园茶黄蓟马的空间格局分析[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(2):287-294.
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