干旱生境下3种植物叶凋落物分解动态特征
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摘要
以塔里木盆地胡杨、多枝柽柳、胀果甘草为研究对象,应用凋落袋法,研究叶凋落物分解动态,揭示3种植物叶凋落物在干旱生境下分解动态特征,结果表明:①经过810 d分解,胡杨、胀果甘草叶凋落物质量残留率分别为48. 93%、38. 07%,经630 d分解多枝柽柳叶凋落物质量残留率为69. 55%,分解时间对胡杨、胀果干草、多枝柽柳叶凋落物残留率均有极显著影响,处理(林窗、林下)对胡杨、胀果干草叶凋落物残留率有显著影响、极显著影响。②处理对3种植物叶凋落物分解系数有显著影响(P <0. 05),且分解系数(k)表现为k_(林窗)> k_(林下),k_(胀果甘草)> k_(胡杨)>k_(多枝柽柳),经810 d分解胡杨、胀果甘草叶凋落物t_(0. 95)分别为9. 159. 48 a、6. 757. 03 a,经630 d分解多枝柽柳叶凋落物t_(0. 95)为13. 8215. 05 a。③受植物种类的影响,分解时间、处理对C、N、P元素释放进程影响不同。3种植物C元素都表现出释放—富积—释放的变化过程,多枝柽柳、胀果甘草叶凋落物N元素在观测期内表现出释放—富积的过程,而胡杨林下则表现出富积—释放—富积的规律,观测期内P元素释放过程与N元素表现出相似的变化规律。④叶凋落物分解系数k值与分解时间、残留量、全氮、全磷、木质素、木质素比氮呈极显著相关(P <0. 01),土壤湿度、全碳、C/N均与k_(林窗)、k_(林下)存在极显著差异。干旱区微生境(林下、林窗)的变化对叶凋落物分解有显著影响,凋落物质量与土壤湿度对凋落物分解起主导作用。
In this study,Populus euphratica,Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflate in the Tarim Basin were taken as the research objects to analyze the dynamic decomposition of foliar litters of three plant species in arid habitats. The results showed that: ① The residual rates of foliar litters of P. euphratica and G. inflata were 48. 93% and38. 07% after a decomposition for 810 days,and the residual rate of foliar litters of T. ramosissima was 69. 55% after a decomposition for 630 days. The decomposition time affected significantly the residual rates of foliar litters of the three plant species. The treatments affected significantly the residual rates of foliar litters of P. euphratica and G.Inflate. ② The k values of foliar litters of the three plant species were significantly affected by understory-forest gap treatment (P < 0. 05),and the k values were in an order of k_(forest gap)> k_(understory),k_(G. inflate)> k_(P. euphratica)> k_(T. ramosissima),the t_(0. 95) values of P. euphratica and G. inflate were in ranges of 9. 15-9. 48 a and 6. 75-7. 03 a during 810-day decomposition. After a 630-day decomposition,the t_(0. 95) value of T. ramosissima was in a range of 13. 82-15. 05 a.③ The effects of the decomposition time and treatments on the release process of C,N and P were different because of the difference of plant species. There was a release-accumulation-release process of C content of the three plant species,a process of release-accumulation of N content of T. ramosissima and G. inflata,and also a process of accumulation-release-accumulation of P content of P. euphratica understory during the observation period; ④ The k-value was significantly correlated with decomposition time,total nitrogen,the remaining amount of mass,total phosphorus,lignin,ratio of lignin and nitrogen (P < 0. 01),and soil moisture,total carbon,C/N were significantly correlated with k_(forest gap) and k_(understory). Changes of micro-habitats (understory and forest gap) in arid areas have significant influence on litter decomposition,and litter quality and soil moisture play a leading role in litter decomposition.
In this study,Populus euphratica,Tamarix ramosissima and Glycyrrhiza inflate in the Tarim Basin were taken as the research objects to analyze the dynamic decomposition of foliar litters of three plant species in arid habitats. The results showed that: ① The residual rates of foliar litters of P. euphratica and G. inflata were 48. 93% and38. 07% after a decomposition for 810 days,and the residual rate of foliar litters of T. ramosissima was 69. 55% after a decomposition for 630 days. The decomposition time affected significantly the residual rates of foliar litters of the three plant species. The treatments affected significantly the residual rates of foliar litters of P. euphratica and G.Inflate. ② The k values of foliar litters of the three plant species were significantly affected by understory-forest gap treatment (P < 0. 05),and the k values were in an order of k_(forest gap)> k_(understory),k_(G. inflate)> k_(P. euphratica)> k_(T. ramosissima),the t_(0. 95) values of P. euphratica and G. inflate were in ranges of 9. 15-9. 48 a and 6. 75-7. 03 a during 810-day decomposition. After a 630-day decomposition,the t_(0. 95) value of T. ramosissima was in a range of 13. 82-15. 05 a.③ The effects of the decomposition time and treatments on the release process of C,N and P were different because of the difference of plant species. There was a release-accumulation-release process of C content of the three plant species,a process of release-accumulation of N content of T. ramosissima and G. inflata,and also a process of accumulation-release-accumulation of P content of P. euphratica understory during the observation period; ④ The k-value was significantly correlated with decomposition time,total nitrogen,the remaining amount of mass,total phosphorus,lignin,ratio of lignin and nitrogen (P < 0. 01),and soil moisture,total carbon,C/N were significantly correlated with k_(forest gap) and k_(understory). Changes of micro-habitats (understory and forest gap) in arid areas have significant influence on litter decomposition,and litter quality and soil moisture play a leading role in litter decomposition.
引文
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[3]葛晓改,肖文发,曾立雄,等.三峡库区马尾松林土壤-凋落物层酶活性对凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2 228-2 237.[Ge Xiaogai,Xiao Wenfa,Zeng Lixiong,et al.Effect of soil-litter layer enzyme activities on litter decomposition in Pinus massoniana plantation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(9):2 228-2 237.]
[4]Khamzina A,Lamers J P A,Martius C.Above-and belowground litter stocks and decay at a multi-species afforestation site on arid,saline soil[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosyst,2016,104(2):187-199.
[5]李志军,刘建平,于军,等.胡杨、灰叶胡杨生物生态学特性调查[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(7):1 292-1 296.[Li Zhijun,Liu Jianping,Yu Jun,et al.Investigation on the characteristics of biology and ecology of Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa[J].Acta Botanica Boreall-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(7):1 292-1 296.]
[6]王海珍,韩路,李志军,等.塔里木河上游胡杨与灰杨光和水分生理特性[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):5 843-5 850.[Wang Haizhen,Han Lu,Li Zhijun,et al.The photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics of Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa in the upper reaches of Tarim River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(11):5 843-5 850.]
[7]夏振华,陈亚宁,朱成刚,等.干旱胁迫环境下的胡杨叶片气孔变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(5):1 111-1 117.[Xia Zhenhua,Chen Yaning,Zhu Chenggang,et al.Stomatal change in leaves of Population euphratica under drought stress[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(5):1 111-1 117.]
[8]王新源,赵学勇,李玉霖,等.环境因素对干旱半干旱区凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J],生态学杂志,2013,24(11):3 300-3 310.[Wang Xinyuan,Zhao Xueyong,Li Yulin,et al.Effects of environmental factors on litter decomposition in arid and semi-arid regions:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(11):3 300-3 310.]
[9]张雪梅,王永东,徐新文,等.塔里木沙漠公路防护林地表凋落物分解对施肥的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1 506-1 514.[Zhang Xuemei,Wang Yongdong,Xu Xinwen,et al.Effects of fertilizer addition on surface litter decomposition in the Tarim desert highway shelterbelt[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(5):1 506-1 514]
[10]Austin A T,Vivanco L.Plant litter decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem controlled by photodegradation[J].Nature,2006,442(7 102):555-558.
[11]黎锦涛,孙学凯,胡亚林,等.干湿交替对科尔沁沙地人工林叶凋落物分解和养分释放的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):1 743-1 752.[Li Jintao,Sun Xuekai,Hu Yalin,et al.Effects of drying-rewetting on leaf litter decomposition and nutrient releases in forest plantations in Horqin Sandy Land,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(6):1 743-1 752.]
[12]努尔卡木里·玉素甫,满苏尔·沙比提.新疆沙雅县气候变化特征分析[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(1):13-19.[Nurkamil Yusuf,Mansur Sabit.Analysis on the climatic characteristics of Shaya county in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2011,30(1):13-19.]
[13]周世兴,黄从德,向元彬,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林凋落物木质素和纤维素降解的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1 368-1 374.[Zhou Shixing,Huang Congde,Xiang Yuanbin,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on lignin and cellulose degradation of foliar litter in natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in rainy area of Western China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1 368-1 374.]
[14]葛留威,吕瑞恒,李荔,等.盐生环境下3种荒漠植物叶凋落物分解动态特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(5):39-43,47.[Ge Liuwei,LüRuiheng,Li Li,et al.Litter decomposition of three types of forests in south slope in saline environment[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(5):39-43,47.]
[15]李巧玲,曾辉.美国南卡罗来纳州森林湿地十种典型植物凋落叶的分解特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2 342-2 351.[Li Qiaoling,Zen Hui.Leaf litter decomposition of ten plant species in a forested wetland in South Carolina,USA[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(7):2 342-2 351.]
[16]宋飘,张乃莉,马克平,等.全球气候变暖对凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1 327-1 339.[Song Piao,Zhang Naili,Ma Keping,et al.Impacts of global warming on litter decomposition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1 327-1 339.]
[17]宋新章,江洪,马元丹,等.中国东部气候带凋落物分解特征---气候和基质质量的综合影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5 219-5 226.[Song Xinzhang,Jiang Hong,Ma Yuandan,et al.Litter decomposition across climate zone in Eastern China:The integrated influence of climate and litter quality[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(10):5 219-5 226.]
[18]郑俊强,郭瑞红,李东升,等.氮沉降和干旱对阔叶红松林凋落物分解的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(4):21-28.[Zheng Junqiang,Guo Ruihong,Li Dongsheng,et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition and drought on litter decomposition in a temperate forest[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(4):21-28.]
[19]毕京东,李玉霖,宁志英,等.科尔沁沙地优势植物叶凋落物分解及碳矿化---凋落物质量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):85-92.[Bi Jingdong,Li Yulin,Ning Zhiying,et al.Carbon mineralization and decomposition of litters from dominant plants in the Horqin Sandy Land:Effects of litter quality[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(1):85-92.]
[20]黄刚,周丽,唐立松,等.荒漠植物凋落物光降解特征随降水梯度的变化[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(10):2 574-2 582.[Huang Gang,Zhou Li,Tang Lisong,et al.Photodegradation of plant litter in a temperate desert along a precipitation gradient[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(10):2 574-2 582.]
[21]杨敏.荒漠区优势木本植物凋落物特性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2011.[Yang Min.Study on the Fall-litter of the Dominant Plant Community in Desert Area[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2011.]
[22]Zhang X Y,Wang W.Control of climate and litter quality on leaf litter decomposition in different climatic zones[J].Journal of Plant Research,2015,128(5):791-802.
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