细颗粒物和气温对北京市昌平区儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的交互影响
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摘要
目的定量评估细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))和日平均气温对医院儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的交互影响。方法收集2014—2017年北京市昌平区某医院儿科门诊资料、PM_(2.5)、二氧化硫(SO_2)、二氧化氮(NO_2)浓度资料及气象资料,采用分布滞后非线性模型中的反应平面图法和温度分层法评估PM_(2.5)和气温对儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的交互影响。结果采用温度的P25,P75分位数将温度分为低温层、适宜温度层和高温层后,累积滞后14 d,PM_(2.5)每升高10μg/m~3,儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的相对危险度为1.003(0.994～1.011)、1.015(1.007～1.023)和1.039(1.021～1.057),与适宜温度相比,高温时PM_(2.5)对儿科呼吸系统疾病门诊总量的影响更大(P<0.05)。结论 PM_(2.5)和高温对儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的影响有交互作用,温度越高,PM_(2.5)对儿科呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的影响越大。
Objective To understand the interaction between fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)) and air temperature on the daily hospital visits of children due to respiratory disease in Changping district of Beijing.Methods The data of daily hospital visits of children were collected from a hospital in Changping, and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data, including PM_(2.5), SO_2 and NO_2 concentrations, in Changping from 1 st of January 2014 to 31 st of December 2017 were also collected. Based on the distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM) with quasi-Poisson link,response surface model and stratified model were used to investigate the potential interactions between air pollution and air temperature on daily hospital visits of children due to respiratory disease. Results At low, moderate, and high temperature layers stratified by the mean temperatures of 25 th and 75 th percentiles, a 10 μg/m~3 increase of PM_(2.5) concentration resulted in the relative risks of 1.003(0.994–1.011), 1.015(1.007–1.023) and 1.039(1.021–1.057), respectively, for total hospital visits due to respiratory disease in children on lag 0–14 days. The adverse effect of PM_(2.5) increased obviously under higher air temperature(P<0.05). Conclusion There was an obvious interaction between PM_(2.5) and high temperature on hospital visits due to respiratory disease in children, the adverse effect of PM_(2.5) on hospital visits due to respiratory disease in children were more obvious when air temperature was high.
Objective To understand the interaction between fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)) and air temperature on the daily hospital visits of children due to respiratory disease in Changping district of Beijing.Methods The data of daily hospital visits of children were collected from a hospital in Changping, and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data, including PM_(2.5), SO_2 and NO_2 concentrations, in Changping from 1 st of January 2014 to 31 st of December 2017 were also collected. Based on the distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM) with quasi-Poisson link,response surface model and stratified model were used to investigate the potential interactions between air pollution and air temperature on daily hospital visits of children due to respiratory disease. Results At low, moderate, and high temperature layers stratified by the mean temperatures of 25 th and 75 th percentiles, a 10 μg/m~3 increase of PM_(2.5) concentration resulted in the relative risks of 1.003(0.994–1.011), 1.015(1.007–1.023) and 1.039(1.021–1.057), respectively, for total hospital visits due to respiratory disease in children on lag 0–14 days. The adverse effect of PM_(2.5) increased obviously under higher air temperature(P<0.05). Conclusion There was an obvious interaction between PM_(2.5) and high temperature on hospital visits due to respiratory disease in children, the adverse effect of PM_(2.5) on hospital visits due to respiratory disease in children were more obvious when air temperature was high.
引文
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[24]Peters A, Fr?hlich M, D?ring A, et al. Particulate air pollution is associated with an acute phase response in men. Results from the MONICA–Augsburg Study[J]. Eur Heart J, 2001,22(14):1198–1204. DOI:10.1053/euhj.2000.2483.
[2]Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution:an analysis of data from the global burden of diseases study2015[J]. Lancet, 2017,389(10082):1907–1918. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
[3]Lelieveld J, Evans JS, Fnais M, et al. The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale[J].Nature, 2015,525(7569):367–371. DOI:10.1038/nature15371.
[4]Liu P, Wang XN, Fan JY, et al. Effects of air pollution on hospital emergency room visits for respiratory diseases:urban-suburban differences in eastern China[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(3):341. DOI:10.3390/ijerph13030341.
[5]Xu Q, Li X, Wang S, et al. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for respiratory disease in urban areas in Beijing, China, in 2013[J]. PLoS One, 2016,11(4):e0153099. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0153099.
[6]Ostro B, Roth L, Malig B, et al. The effects of fine particle components on respiratory hospital admissions in children[J].Environ Health Perspect, 2009,117(3):475–480. DOI:10.1289/ehp.11848.
[7]Alhanti BA, Chang HH, Winquist A, et al. Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma:a multi-city assessment of effect modification by age[J]. J Exposure Sci Environ Epidemiol, 2016,26(2):180–188. DOI:10.1038/jes.2015.57.
[8]Chai GR, He H, Sha YZ, et al. Effect of PM2.5 on daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2019,649:1563–1572. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.384.
[9]Cheng YX, Kan HD. Effect of the interaction between outdoor air pollution and extreme temperature on daily mortality in Shanghai,China[J]. J Epidemiol, 2012,22(1):28–36. DOI:10.2188/jea.JE20110049.
[10]中国环境科学研究院,中国环境监测总站. GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2016.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre. GB 3095-2012Ambient air quality standard[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2016.
[11]World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines-global update2005[EB/OL].[2016-11-10]. http://www.who.int/phe/health_topi cs/outdoorair/outdoorair_aqg/en/.
[12]Qiu H, Tan K, Long F, et al. The Burden of COPD Morbidity Attributable to the Interaction between Ambient Air Pollution and Temperature in Chengdu, China[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018,15(3):492. DOI:10.3390/ijerph15030492.
[13]Pascal M, Falq G, Wagner V, et al. Short-term impacts of particulate matter(PM10, PM10-2.5, PM2.5)on mortality in nine French cities[J]. Atmos Environ, 2014,95:175–184. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.030.
[14]Liu YW, Xie SG, Yu Q, et al. Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yichang city, China[J]. Environ Pollut, 2017,227:116–124.DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.029.
[15]徐艳龙,黄发源,王志强,等. 2014-2015年合肥市大气PM2.5污染对儿童门诊量影响的时间序列分析[J].环境与健康杂志，2017,34(4):321–324. DOI:10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2017.04.010.Xu YL, Huang FY, Wang ZQ, et al. Influence of ambient PM2.5pollution on clinic visits of children in Hefei in 2014–2015:a time series analysis[J]. J Environ Health, 2017,34(4):321–324.DOI:10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2017.04.010.
[16]Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, et al. Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0–4 years of age:an 18-year time-series study[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2014,180(10):968–977.DOI:10.1093/aje/kwu234.
[17]Ren CZ, Williams GM, Tong SL. Does particulate matter modify the association between temperature and cardiorespiratory diseases?[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2006,114(11):1690–1696. DOI:10.1289/ehp.9266.
[18]Zheng PW, Wang JB, Zhang ZY, et al. Air pollution and hospital visits for acute upper and lower respiratory infections among children in Ningbo, China:A time-series analysis[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017,24(23):18860–18869. DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-9279-8.
[19]Anderson HR, Bremnera SA, Bremnera RW, et al. Particulate matter and daily mortality and hospital admissions in the west midlands conurbation of the United Kingdom:associations with fine and coarse particles, black smoke and sulphate[J]. Occup Environ Med, 2001,58(8):504–510. DOI:10.1136/oem.58.8.504.
[20]Bell ML, Ebisu K, Peng RD, et al. Seasonal and regional shortterm effects of fine particles on hospital admissions in 202 US counties, 1999–2005[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2008,168(11):1301–1310. DOI:10.1093/aje/kwn252.
[21]Michelozzi P, Forastiere F, Fusco D, et al. Air pollution and daily mortality in Rome, Italy[J]. Occup Environ Med, 1998,55(9):605–610. DOI:10.1136/oem.55.9.605.
[22]Gordon CJ. Role of environmental stress in the physiological response to chemical toxicants[J]. Environ Res, 2003,92(1):1–7. DOI:10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00008-7.
[23]Analitis A, Michelozzi P, D'Ippoliti D, et al. Effects of heat waves on mortality:effect modification and confounding by air pollutants[J]. Epidemiology, 2014,25(1):15–22. DOI:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31828ac01b.
[24]Peters A, Fr?hlich M, D?ring A, et al. Particulate air pollution is associated with an acute phase response in men. Results from the MONICA–Augsburg Study[J]. Eur Heart J, 2001,22(14):1198–1204. DOI:10.1053/euhj.2000.2483.
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