江苏省县域财政竞争与区域经济效率
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摘要
地方政府间的财政竞争是促使我国区域经济快速发展的重要力量,但不论在理论还是经验层面,其对经济效率的作用仍是莫衷一是。基于此,文章运用DEA局,并以Tobit方法构建面板计量模型,探寻财政竞争与经济效率关联的内在原理与演化机制,以期提供一个过往理论的整合逻辑,并为政府制定合理财政政策提供启示。主要研究结论如下:财政竞争整体上能够促进区域科技、管理水平提升与产业规模扩张,从而对经济效率有显著正向作用;特定时期内,财政竞争对于区域经济效率的作用存在二次型结构;财政竞争对于区域经济效率的作用存在区域与时点差异,不发达地区的财政竞争对技术效率作用更强,发达地区财政竞争对规模效率的作用更强。文章认为这种财政竞争与经济效率时空结构转换实际是由区域经济发展中纯技术效率与规模效率内在转换规律导致的,地方政府的财政政策导向应由此而定。另外,文章对贸易水平、产业结构、公共服务、城镇化、人口、税收水平等控制变量的作用进行了验证,它们大多也表现出较为明显的时空依赖现象,但并未改变财政竞争的显著性。
The fiscal competition among local governments is an important force for the rapid development of China's regional economy. However,its role in economic efficiency is still uncertain in theory and experience. Thus,this paper uses DEA and GIS methods to expound the spatial and temporal pattern of financial competition and economic efficiency regarding 58 county units in Jiangsu Province. Also,a panel model is constructed by Tobit method to explore the inherent principle and evolution mechanism of financial competition and economic efficiency. It will help to provide an integrated logic of past theories and offer inspiration for the government to formulate a sound fiscal policy. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. Financial competition as a whole can promote the improvement of regional science and technology management as well as industrial scale expansion,thus having a significantly positive impact on economic efficiency;There exists a quadratic structure in the impact of fiscal competition on regional economic efficiency for a specific period;There is regional and time difference in the impact of fiscal competition on regional economic efficiency;and fiscal competition has a stronger impact on technical efficiency in underdeveloped regions and on scale efficiency in developed regions. This paper argues that this spatial-temporal structural transformation of fiscal competition and economic efficiency is actually caused by the inherent conversion of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in regional economic development. The fiscal policy orientation of local governments should be determined accordingly. In addition,it verifies the role of control variables such as trade level,industrial structure,public service,urbanization,population,and taxation level. Most of them also show obvious time and space dependence,but they have not changed the significant competition of fiscal competition.
The fiscal competition among local governments is an important force for the rapid development of China's regional economy. However,its role in economic efficiency is still uncertain in theory and experience. Thus,this paper uses DEA and GIS methods to expound the spatial and temporal pattern of financial competition and economic efficiency regarding 58 county units in Jiangsu Province. Also,a panel model is constructed by Tobit method to explore the inherent principle and evolution mechanism of financial competition and economic efficiency. It will help to provide an integrated logic of past theories and offer inspiration for the government to formulate a sound fiscal policy. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. Financial competition as a whole can promote the improvement of regional science and technology management as well as industrial scale expansion,thus having a significantly positive impact on economic efficiency;There exists a quadratic structure in the impact of fiscal competition on regional economic efficiency for a specific period;There is regional and time difference in the impact of fiscal competition on regional economic efficiency;and fiscal competition has a stronger impact on technical efficiency in underdeveloped regions and on scale efficiency in developed regions. This paper argues that this spatial-temporal structural transformation of fiscal competition and economic efficiency is actually caused by the inherent conversion of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in regional economic development. The fiscal policy orientation of local governments should be determined accordingly. In addition,it verifies the role of control variables such as trade level,industrial structure,public service,urbanization,population,and taxation level. Most of them also show obvious time and space dependence,but they have not changed the significant competition of fiscal competition.
引文
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[2]沈坤荣,付文林.中国的财政分权制度与地区经济增长[J].管理世界,2005(1):31-39,171.
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[5]赵志耘,杨朝峰.中国全要素生产率的测算与解释:1979-2009年[J].财经问题研究,2011(9):3-12.
[6]TIEBOUT C M.A Pure Theory of local expenditures[J].Journal of Political Economy,1956,64(5):416-424.
[7]WILSON J D,GORDON R H.Expenditure competition[J].Journal of Public Economic Theory,2003,5(2):399-417.
[8]OATES W E.An Essay on Fiscal Federalism[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1999,37(3):1120-1149.
[9]MARLOW M L.Fiscal Decentralization and government size[J].Public Choice,1988,56(3):259-269.
[10]GORDON R H.An optimal taxation approach to fiscal federalism[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1982,98(4):567-586.
[11]CONYERS D,HILLS P J.An introduction to development planning in the third world[J].International Journal of Gynecology&Obstetrics,1984,58(3):311-312.
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[14]周业安,宋紫峰.中国地方政府竞争30年[J].教学与研究,2009(11):28-36.
[15]李汝资,刘耀彬,谢德金.中国产业结构变迁中的经济效率演进及影响因素[J].地理学报,2017,72(12):2179-2198.
[16]YOUNG A.Gold into base metals:productivity growth in the people’s republic of china during the reform period[J].Journal of Political Economy,2003,111(6):1220-1261.
[17]HALL R,JONES C I.Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[18]刘建国.京津冀城市群区域经济效率的测度及影响研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(12):22-29.
[19]刘江会,王功宇.地方政府财政竞争对财政支出效率的影响--来自长三角地级市城市群的证据[J].财政研究,2017(8):56-68,111.
[20]李景睿.FDI与前沿技术进步、技术效率的关系研究--基于DEA的珠江三角洲城市面板数据分析[J].国际经贸探索,2009,25(10):46-51.
[21]彭中文,何新城.所有权性质、产业集聚与FDI技术效率溢出--来自中国装备制造业的经验证据[J].财经研究,2011,37(6):122-132.
[22]范柏乃,陈玉龙.浙江省县级政府间财政支出竞争及其影响因素[J].经济地理,2014,34(8):40-46.
[23]全炯振.中国农业全要素生产率增长的实证分析:1978~2007年--基于随机前沿分析(SFA)方法[J].中国农村经济,2009(9):36-47.
[24]李小平,朱钟棣.中国工业行业的全要素生产率测算--基于分行业面板数据的研究[J].管理世界,2005(4):56-64.
[25]杨勇.中国服务业全要素生产率再测算[J].世界经济,2008(10):46-55.
[26]夏怡然,陆铭.城市间的“孟母三迁”--公共服务影响劳动力流向的经验研究[J].管理世界,2015(10):78-90.
[27]张同斌,张敏晗.县级财政负担、公共服务供给与经济增长效应[J].浙江社会科学,2018(2):62-74,157.
[28]鲍超.中国城镇化与经济增长及用水变化的时空耦合关系[J].地理学报,2014,69(12):1799-1809.
[29]刘修岩,李松林,秦蒙.城市空间结构与地区经济效率--兼论中国城镇化发展道路的模式选择[J].管理世界,2017(1):51-64.
[30]张耀宇,陈会广,陈利根.长江经济带城市群土地财政的供求驱动分析与差别化治理[J].经济地理,2016,36(2):59-66.
[31]戴永安,张曙霄.城市经济效率演进的人口城市化中介机制研究[J].中国人口科学,2010(6):79-88,112.
[32]郭凯明,余靖雯,龚六堂.人口政策、劳动力结构与经济增长[J].世界经济,2013,36(11):72-92.
[33]郭凯明,余靖雯,龚六堂.计划生育政策、城镇化与经济增长[J].金融研究,2015(11):47-63.
[34]张传勇,刘学良.房价对地区经济收敛的影响及其机制研究[J].统计研究,2017,34(3):65-75.
[35]邓明.财政支出、支出竞争与中国地区经济增长效率[J].财贸经济,2013(10):27-37.
[36]中国经济增长前沿课题组,张平,刘霞辉,等.中国经济增长的低效率冲击与减速治理[J].经济研究,2014,49(12):4-17,32.
[2]沈坤荣,付文林.中国的财政分权制度与地区经济增长[J].管理世界,2005(1):31-39,171.
[3]李永友.中国地方财政资金配置效率核算与分析[J].经济学家,2010(6):95-102.
[4]刘建国,李国平,张军涛,等.中国经济效率和全要素生产率的空间分异及其影响[J].地理学报,2012,67(8):1069-1084.
[5]赵志耘,杨朝峰.中国全要素生产率的测算与解释:1979-2009年[J].财经问题研究,2011(9):3-12.
[6]TIEBOUT C M.A Pure Theory of local expenditures[J].Journal of Political Economy,1956,64(5):416-424.
[7]WILSON J D,GORDON R H.Expenditure competition[J].Journal of Public Economic Theory,2003,5(2):399-417.
[8]OATES W E.An Essay on Fiscal Federalism[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1999,37(3):1120-1149.
[9]MARLOW M L.Fiscal Decentralization and government size[J].Public Choice,1988,56(3):259-269.
[10]GORDON R H.An optimal taxation approach to fiscal federalism[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1982,98(4):567-586.
[11]CONYERS D,HILLS P J.An introduction to development planning in the third world[J].International Journal of Gynecology&Obstetrics,1984,58(3):311-312.
[12]周业安.地方政府竞争和经济增长[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[13]赵文哲,杨其静,周业安.不平等厌恶性、财政竞争和地方政府财政赤字膨胀关系研究[J].管理世界,2010(1):44-53,187.
[14]周业安,宋紫峰.中国地方政府竞争30年[J].教学与研究,2009(11):28-36.
[15]李汝资,刘耀彬,谢德金.中国产业结构变迁中的经济效率演进及影响因素[J].地理学报,2017,72(12):2179-2198.
[16]YOUNG A.Gold into base metals:productivity growth in the people’s republic of china during the reform period[J].Journal of Political Economy,2003,111(6):1220-1261.
[17]HALL R,JONES C I.Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[18]刘建国.京津冀城市群区域经济效率的测度及影响研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(12):22-29.
[19]刘江会,王功宇.地方政府财政竞争对财政支出效率的影响--来自长三角地级市城市群的证据[J].财政研究,2017(8):56-68,111.
[20]李景睿.FDI与前沿技术进步、技术效率的关系研究--基于DEA的珠江三角洲城市面板数据分析[J].国际经贸探索,2009,25(10):46-51.
[21]彭中文,何新城.所有权性质、产业集聚与FDI技术效率溢出--来自中国装备制造业的经验证据[J].财经研究,2011,37(6):122-132.
[22]范柏乃,陈玉龙.浙江省县级政府间财政支出竞争及其影响因素[J].经济地理,2014,34(8):40-46.
[23]全炯振.中国农业全要素生产率增长的实证分析:1978~2007年--基于随机前沿分析(SFA)方法[J].中国农村经济,2009(9):36-47.
[24]李小平,朱钟棣.中国工业行业的全要素生产率测算--基于分行业面板数据的研究[J].管理世界,2005(4):56-64.
[25]杨勇.中国服务业全要素生产率再测算[J].世界经济,2008(10):46-55.
[26]夏怡然,陆铭.城市间的“孟母三迁”--公共服务影响劳动力流向的经验研究[J].管理世界,2015(10):78-90.
[27]张同斌,张敏晗.县级财政负担、公共服务供给与经济增长效应[J].浙江社会科学,2018(2):62-74,157.
[28]鲍超.中国城镇化与经济增长及用水变化的时空耦合关系[J].地理学报,2014,69(12):1799-1809.
[29]刘修岩,李松林,秦蒙.城市空间结构与地区经济效率--兼论中国城镇化发展道路的模式选择[J].管理世界,2017(1):51-64.
[30]张耀宇,陈会广,陈利根.长江经济带城市群土地财政的供求驱动分析与差别化治理[J].经济地理,2016,36(2):59-66.
[31]戴永安,张曙霄.城市经济效率演进的人口城市化中介机制研究[J].中国人口科学,2010(6):79-88,112.
[32]郭凯明,余靖雯,龚六堂.人口政策、劳动力结构与经济增长[J].世界经济,2013,36(11):72-92.
[33]郭凯明,余靖雯,龚六堂.计划生育政策、城镇化与经济增长[J].金融研究,2015(11):47-63.
[34]张传勇,刘学良.房价对地区经济收敛的影响及其机制研究[J].统计研究,2017,34(3):65-75.
[35]邓明.财政支出、支出竞争与中国地区经济增长效率[J].财贸经济,2013(10):27-37.
[36]中国经济增长前沿课题组,张平,刘霞辉,等.中国经济增长的低效率冲击与减速治理[J].经济研究,2014,49(12):4-17,32.
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