耗散结构视阈下城市零废弃物管理系统演化机制研究
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摘要
"零废弃物"描绘了人类实现废弃物零排放的宏伟愿景,是推动城市可持续发展最具远见的理念之一。文章在对相关文献研究的基础上,介绍零废弃物的概念与发展实践;基于耗散结构理论及其Brusselator转义模型,着重分析城市零废弃物管理系统形成的演化机制。研究表明:城市零废弃物管理系统的演化,是一个自组织占主导、他组织为辅助的复合发展过程;其形成需要原有系统远离平衡态,需从政治、社会、技术与经济等方面,创造一个能对系统产生足够大负熵流的外界环境;只有当外界的负熵达到一定阈值时,系统才会失稳,向有序的城市零废弃物管理系统进化。
"Zero waste" is one of the most visionary concepts of promoting urban sustainable development, which depicts a grand vision of continuous improvement on zero emission. Based on the analysis of relevant literatures, it was introduced of the implication and current development practices of zero waste. The internal formation mechanism of urban zero waste management system was discussed by applying the theory of dissipative structure and transferred Brusselator model. The results show that the evolution of urban zero waste management system is a complex development process with self-organization dominating and hetero-organization assisting; The original system is required to stay away from equilibrium to promote its formation; the external environment is demanded to establish in order to generate enough large negative entropy flow from political, social, technological and economic aspects; only when the negative entropy reaches a certain threshold from the external environment, the original system can be unstable and jump to an zero waste management system.
"Zero waste" is one of the most visionary concepts of promoting urban sustainable development, which depicts a grand vision of continuous improvement on zero emission. Based on the analysis of relevant literatures, it was introduced of the implication and current development practices of zero waste. The internal formation mechanism of urban zero waste management system was discussed by applying the theory of dissipative structure and transferred Brusselator model. The results show that the evolution of urban zero waste management system is a complex development process with self-organization dominating and hetero-organization assisting; The original system is required to stay away from equilibrium to promote its formation; the external environment is demanded to establish in order to generate enough large negative entropy flow from political, social, technological and economic aspects; only when the negative entropy reaches a certain threshold from the external environment, the original system can be unstable and jump to an zero waste management system.
引文
[1]Zaman A U, Lehmann S. The zero waste index:A performance measurement tool for waste management systems in a ‘zero waste city’[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 50(7):123-132.
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[4]Kuehr R. Towards a sustainable society:United Nations University’s zero emissions approach[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007, 15(13-14):1198-1204.
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[7]Bartl A. Barriers towards achieving a zero waste society[J].Waste Management, 2011, 31(12):2369-2370.
[8]周宏春.“无废城市”建设的全产业链管理[N].中国环境报,2019-3-5.
[9]李金惠.“无废城市”建设的国际经验分析[J].区域经济评论，2019(3):10-14.
[10]Lehmann S. Optimizing urban material flows and waste streams through principles of zero waste and sustainable consumption[J].MDPI Special Issue:Sustainable Buildings, 2011, 3(1):155-183.
[11]Zelenika I, Moreau T, Zhao J. Toward zero waste events:Reducing contamination in waste streams with volunteer assistance[J].Waste Management, 2018, 76(3):39-45.
[12]Baumgartner R J, Zielowski C. Analyzing zero emission strategies regarding impact on organizational culture and contribution to sustainable development[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007,15(13-14):1321-1327.
[13]Zaman A U. Identification of key assessment indicators of the zero waste management systems[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2014,36(1):682-693.
[14]Palmer P. Getting to zero waste[M]. Sebastopol:Purple Sky Press, 2004.
[15]Pauli G, Mshigeni K. First five years of action:The zero emissions research and initiatives, 1994-1999[M]. Windhoek:University of Namibia, 1998.
[16]ZWIA, 2009. Zero waste definition. Zero waste international alliance[EB/OL].(2018-12-20). http://zwia.org/standards/zwdefinition.
[17]Tennant-Wood R. Going for zero:A comparative critical analysis of zero waste events in southern New South Wales[J]. Australian Journal of Environmental Management, 2003, 10(1):46-55.
[18]Phillips P S, Tudor T, Bird H, et al. A critical review of a key waste strategy initiative in England:zero waste places projects2008-2009[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011,55(3):335-343.
[19]van Berkel R, Fujita T, Hashimoto S, et al. Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan:Analysis of the eco-town program 1997-2006[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2009, 90(3):1544-1556.
[20]Morris L. Eco-cities in Japan:Past and future[J]. Journal of Urban Technology, 2013, 20(1):7-22.
[21]Connett P. The zero waste solution[M]. Vermont:Chelsea Green Publishing, 2013.
[22]刘光富，鲁圣鹏，李雪芹.产业共生研究综述：废弃物资源化协同处理视角[J].管理评论，2014(5):149-160.
[23]沈小峰.普利高津与耗散结构理论[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1998.
[2]Kenward M. UK seeks a ‘zero waste economy’[J]. News&Analysis, 2013, 38(10):202-203.
[3]Pietzsch N, Ribeiro D J L, Medeiros J F. Benefits, challenges and critical factors of success for zero waste:A systematic literature review[J]. Waste Management, 2017, 67(9):324-353.
[4]Kuehr R. Towards a sustainable society:United Nations University’s zero emissions approach[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007, 15(13-14):1198-1204.
[5]Cole C, Osmania M, Quddusa M, et al. Towards a zero waste strategy for an English local authority[J]. Resources,Conservation and Recycling, 2014, 89(5):64-75.
[6]Zaman A U. A comprehensive review of the development of zero waste management:Lessons learned and guidelines[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 91(3):12-25.
[7]Bartl A. Barriers towards achieving a zero waste society[J].Waste Management, 2011, 31(12):2369-2370.
[8]周宏春.“无废城市”建设的全产业链管理[N].中国环境报,2019-3-5.
[9]李金惠.“无废城市”建设的国际经验分析[J].区域经济评论，2019(3):10-14.
[10]Lehmann S. Optimizing urban material flows and waste streams through principles of zero waste and sustainable consumption[J].MDPI Special Issue:Sustainable Buildings, 2011, 3(1):155-183.
[11]Zelenika I, Moreau T, Zhao J. Toward zero waste events:Reducing contamination in waste streams with volunteer assistance[J].Waste Management, 2018, 76(3):39-45.
[12]Baumgartner R J, Zielowski C. Analyzing zero emission strategies regarding impact on organizational culture and contribution to sustainable development[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007,15(13-14):1321-1327.
[13]Zaman A U. Identification of key assessment indicators of the zero waste management systems[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2014,36(1):682-693.
[14]Palmer P. Getting to zero waste[M]. Sebastopol:Purple Sky Press, 2004.
[15]Pauli G, Mshigeni K. First five years of action:The zero emissions research and initiatives, 1994-1999[M]. Windhoek:University of Namibia, 1998.
[16]ZWIA, 2009. Zero waste definition. Zero waste international alliance[EB/OL].(2018-12-20). http://zwia.org/standards/zwdefinition.
[17]Tennant-Wood R. Going for zero:A comparative critical analysis of zero waste events in southern New South Wales[J]. Australian Journal of Environmental Management, 2003, 10(1):46-55.
[18]Phillips P S, Tudor T, Bird H, et al. A critical review of a key waste strategy initiative in England:zero waste places projects2008-2009[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011,55(3):335-343.
[19]van Berkel R, Fujita T, Hashimoto S, et al. Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan:Analysis of the eco-town program 1997-2006[J].Journal of Environmental Management, 2009, 90(3):1544-1556.
[20]Morris L. Eco-cities in Japan:Past and future[J]. Journal of Urban Technology, 2013, 20(1):7-22.
[21]Connett P. The zero waste solution[M]. Vermont:Chelsea Green Publishing, 2013.
[22]刘光富，鲁圣鹏，李雪芹.产业共生研究综述：废弃物资源化协同处理视角[J].管理评论，2014(5):149-160.
[23]沈小峰.普利高津与耗散结构理论[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1998.
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