如何对生态环境质量监测弄虚作假的第三方运维企业实施严惩重罚?

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英文篇名：How to severely punish the third-party operation and maintenance enterprises that cheat in the monitoring of ecological environment quality? 作者：王彬 ; 贺蓉 ; 王卓玥 ; 张昱恒 ; 殷培红 英文作者：WANG Bin;HE Rong;WANG Zhuoyue;ZHANG Yuheng;YIN Peihong;Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment; 关键词：生态环境质量监测 ; 弄虚作假 ; 第三方运维企业 ; 严惩重罚 英文关键词：ecological environment quality monitoring;;fraud;;the third party operation and maintenance enterprises;;severely punish 中文刊名：环境与可持续发展 英文刊名：Environment and Sustainable Development 机构：生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心; 出版日期：2019-06-16 出版单位：环境与可持续发展 年：2019 期：03 语种：中文; 页：23-27 页数：5 CN：11-5337/X ISSN：1673-288X 分类号：D922.68;X830.5

摘要

山西省临汾市国控环境空气自动监测数据造假事件中,第三方运维企业河北先河环保科技股份有限公司未被认定为违法,未受到行政处罚、资格处罚以及联合惩戒,也未被追究单位犯罪。长期来看,处罚个人不处罚单位、处罚办事人员不处罚领导、追究违约责任不追究法律责任,依然无法遏制第三方运维企业作假,需要在现有法律规定基础上进一步完善严惩重罚制度。建议完善以下规定,落实对运维企业的违法违规行为进行严惩重罚:一是修改《环境保护法》,改变环境质量监测运维机构不属于"环境监测机构"、不需要对监测数据的真实性和准确性负责的悖论;二是修改《大气污染防治法》第100条,将本条立法解释针对重点排污单位的要求拓展至第三方运维企业,增加对干扰环境质量监测行为的行政处罚;三是修改《环境监测数据弄虚作假行为判定及处理办法》,去掉"弄虚作假""故意"等容易导致主观过错认定难、门槛高的用词;四是将环境质量监测违法纳入联合惩戒备忘录,强化惩戒措施;五是在制定《生态环境监测管理条例》时规定"从业禁止";六是作假严重的,适用行政处罚"双罚制";七是探索"按件计罚"。
        In the case of Linfen,Shanxi Province,the third-party operation and maintenance enterprise was not identified as illegal,was not subject to administrative punishment,qualification punishment and joint punishment,and was not investigated for unit crimes.Existing laws and regulations cannot prevent third-party operation and maintenance enterprises from cheating.It is suggested to improve the following provisions and impose severe penalties on the operation and maintenance enterprises.First,the Environmental Protection Law should be amended to change the paradox that the operation and maintenance institutions of environmental quality monitoring are not "environmental monitoring institutions" and do not need to be responsible for the authenticity and accuracy of monitoring data;Second,revise the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and increase administrative penalties for ACTS that interfere with environmental quality monitoring;Third,modify "Environmental Monitoring Data Falsification Behavior Judgment and Processing Method",remove "falsification" "deliberately" and other words easy to lead to subjective fault identification difficulty;Fourth is to include environmental quality monitoring violations into the joint disciplinary memorandum and strengthen disciplinary measures;Fifth,the Regulations on the Administration of Ecological Environmental Monitoring stipulate that "practice is prohibited";Sixth,the application of administrative penalty "double penalty system";And the seventh is to explore "punishment by case".

引文

[1]王志远.环境犯罪视野下我国单位犯罪理念批判[J].当代法学,2010(5):74-79.
    [2]唐家红.单位行政违法的双罚制研究[D].西南政法大学2017年硕士论文.
    [3]关于山西省临汾市国控环境空气自动监测数据造假案有关情况的通报(环办监测函[2018]894号,2018,8,28)http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/sthjbgw/stbgth/201808/t20180830_456766.htm.
    [4]生态环境部通报5起监测数据造假案.中国环境报,2018,7,18,第1版:一版要闻http://epaper.cenews.com.cn/html/2018-07/18/content_74485.htm.