基于双处理器协作的DVB-T数字电视方案研究
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摘要
信息技术已经进入数字化时代,数字电视技术蓬勃发展。数字电视机符合人们对高品质的数字多媒体播放和高性能的网络信息终端的需要,具备广阔的市场前景,其基于嵌入式系统的实现也成为消费类电子产品的新热点。在深入分析了数字电视标准和嵌入式技术的基础上,对比了数字电视整机的设计思路,其中系统级绑定是一种高性价比、新颖的设计思路,比芯片级绑定可以降低成本、规避风险。
按照系统级绑定思路,数字电视机由解码子系统和显示子系统组成。解码子系统以机顶盒芯片方案为基础,显示子系统以高清晰度模拟电视机方案为基础,两个子系统有各自的嵌入式处理器和异构的嵌入式软件系统。两个子系统通过音视频接口传输解码后的音视频信号,通过通信接口传输命令、数据和状态,两个处理器协调工作,从用户角度观察是一套系统在运行,即实现了单一系统映像。
给出了一个基于系统级绑定思路的设计实例。以意法半导体(ST)公司研制的Dtti5516数字电视信号集成处理芯片为主处理器,实现了解码子系统的硬件电路,这是实现数字电视整机系统的基础。采用美国Trident公司高清晰度模拟电视机芯片套件作为显示子系统,其中M16C/62是主控制器。Dtti5516与M16C/62通过UART通信接口互联。结合数字电视应用的特点,设计了通信协议和应用层状态机模型。这些是实现单一系统映像的关键技术。
最后的测试和分析表明,系统完全实现了数字电视整机的功能,单一系统映像实现,前端接收性能达到标准,系统性能还可以进一步提高。
Information technology has been coming into digital era. As a high quality multimedia player and high performance network information terminal, digital television, which is based on embedded system, is a new hotspots of next generation consumer electronics and has broad market perspective. Based on the deep analysis of Digital TV Standards、embedded software and hardware technology, solution of digital television is studied.
According to the method binding two subsystems on system level, digital television, consists of Decoding Subsystem and Display Subsystem, in which Decoding subsystem is developed on decoder chip dedicated for Set Top Box application, while Display subsystem on HD-Ready television solution. On the one hand, each subsystem has its own embedded processor and heterogeneous software architecture to achieve different functions. On the other hand, the two subsystems cooperate with each other by communication——Audio and video signals are transferred from Decoding Subsystem to Display Subsystem through audio and video interfaces; Commands, data and status information are transmitted through communication interface to synchronize the operations of two processors. In user’s perspective, the whole system runs as a single one, that is to say, Single System Image is implemented.
A design instance is shown in this paper. The design of hardware circuit of Decoding Subsystem in which Dtti5516 is chosen as the processor is elaborated,since it is the foundation of the whole system. HD-Ready television solution supplied by Trident Multimedia is adopted for Display Subsystem, in which M16C/62 is the main controller. Dtti5516 communicate with M16C/62 through UART interface accorded with our communication protocols. According to the characteristics of digital TV applications, communication protocols between two processors and status machine model of application layer are designed. These are the key techniques to achieve single system image.
In the end, the system is tested. The results show the functions of digital television are completely achieved. Front-end performance is analysed. Concerning scalability, the system could be improved to implement more functional and practical application in the future.
按照系统级绑定思路,数字电视机由解码子系统和显示子系统组成。解码子系统以机顶盒芯片方案为基础,显示子系统以高清晰度模拟电视机方案为基础,两个子系统有各自的嵌入式处理器和异构的嵌入式软件系统。两个子系统通过音视频接口传输解码后的音视频信号,通过通信接口传输命令、数据和状态,两个处理器协调工作,从用户角度观察是一套系统在运行,即实现了单一系统映像。
给出了一个基于系统级绑定思路的设计实例。以意法半导体(ST)公司研制的Dtti5516数字电视信号集成处理芯片为主处理器,实现了解码子系统的硬件电路,这是实现数字电视整机系统的基础。采用美国Trident公司高清晰度模拟电视机芯片套件作为显示子系统,其中M16C/62是主控制器。Dtti5516与M16C/62通过UART通信接口互联。结合数字电视应用的特点,设计了通信协议和应用层状态机模型。这些是实现单一系统映像的关键技术。
最后的测试和分析表明,系统完全实现了数字电视整机的功能,单一系统映像实现,前端接收性能达到标准,系统性能还可以进一步提高。
Information technology has been coming into digital era. As a high quality multimedia player and high performance network information terminal, digital television, which is based on embedded system, is a new hotspots of next generation consumer electronics and has broad market perspective. Based on the deep analysis of Digital TV Standards、embedded software and hardware technology, solution of digital television is studied.
According to the method binding two subsystems on system level, digital television, consists of Decoding Subsystem and Display Subsystem, in which Decoding subsystem is developed on decoder chip dedicated for Set Top Box application, while Display subsystem on HD-Ready television solution. On the one hand, each subsystem has its own embedded processor and heterogeneous software architecture to achieve different functions. On the other hand, the two subsystems cooperate with each other by communication——Audio and video signals are transferred from Decoding Subsystem to Display Subsystem through audio and video interfaces; Commands, data and status information are transmitted through communication interface to synchronize the operations of two processors. In user’s perspective, the whole system runs as a single one, that is to say, Single System Image is implemented.
A design instance is shown in this paper. The design of hardware circuit of Decoding Subsystem in which Dtti5516 is chosen as the processor is elaborated,since it is the foundation of the whole system. HD-Ready television solution supplied by Trident Multimedia is adopted for Display Subsystem, in which M16C/62 is the main controller. Dtti5516 communicate with M16C/62 through UART interface accorded with our communication protocols. According to the characteristics of digital TV applications, communication protocols between two processors and status machine model of application layer are designed. These are the key techniques to achieve single system image.
In the end, the system is tested. The results show the functions of digital television are completely achieved. Front-end performance is analysed. Concerning scalability, the system could be improved to implement more functional and practical application in the future.
引文
[1] 张寅生, 沈云秋. 数字电视与中国的电视数字化进程. 电视技术, 2000, 24(3): 17~19
[2] 马立欣. 数字电视概述. 电视技术, 2000, 24(6): 5~8
[3] 孙志行, 宋玉炎, 何道刚. 数字机顶盒技术及其市场前景. 电视技术, 2002, 26(1): 46~49
[4] 刘文开, 刘远航. 地面广播数字电视技术. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2003. 182~183
[5] W. F. Schreiber. Advanced Television Systems for Terrestrial Broadcasting: some Problems and some Proposed solutions. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1995, 83(6): 958~981
[6] Hyoung Nam Kim, Sung Ik Park, Seung Won Kim. Performance analysis of error propagation effects in the DFE for ATSC DTV receivers. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2003, 49(3): 249~257
[7] Wei Li, Hong Liu, G. Gagnon. Performance assessment of IP traffic over ATSC interactive datacasting systems. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2005, 51(1): 54~62
[8] 宋永成. ATSC8-VSB 和 DVB-T COFDM 一般传输系统之间的性能比较. 电视技术, 2000, 24(6): 22~23
[9] M. Uehara, M. Takada, T. Kuroda. Transmission scheme for the terrestrial ISDB system. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1999, 45(1): 101~106
[10] 李震梅, 董传岱. 数字机顶盒的功能与市场分析. 中国有线电视, 2002, 10(9): 29~31
[11] S. Pekowsky, R. Jaeger. The set-top box as “multimedia terminal”. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998, 44(3): 833~840
[12] S. Koutroubinas, T. Antonakopoulos, V. Makios. A new efficient access protocol for integrating multimedia services in the home environment. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1999, 45(3): 481~487
[13] Yamauchi, H. Okada, S. Taketa. Single chip video processor for digital HDTV. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 2001, 47(3): 394~404
[14] 钟玉琢, 王琪, 赵黎等. MPEG-2 运动图像压缩编码国际标准及 MPEG 的新进展. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2002. 2~13
[15] 赵文斌. MPEG-2 视频信号的编辑原理. 中国有线电视, 2005, 13(2): 184~186
[16] G. Gardikis, A. Kourtis, P. Constantinou. Dynamic bandwidth allocation in DVB-T networks providing IP services. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2003, 49(3): 314~318
[17] R. S. Sherratt. Performance and conformance results of the deterministic DVB-T equalizer. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2004, 50(1): 95~99
[18] S. O'Leary, D. Priestly, N. McSparron. Mobile broadcasting of DVB-T signals. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1998, 44(3): 346~352
[19] R. Makowitz, A. Turner, J. Gledhill, et al. A single-chip DVB-T receiver. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998, 44(3): 990~993
[20] Yu-Wei Lin, Hsuan-Yu Liu, Chen-Yi Lee. A dynamic scaling FFT processor for DVB-T applications. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2004, 39(11): 2005~ 2013
[21] 江灏, 陈晓光, 王世一等. 上海地区的 DVB-T 单频网设计. 数字电视, 2004, 28(5): 23~25
[22] 张文军, 夏劲松, 王匡等. 高级数字电视广播系统传输方案. 电视技术, 2002, 26(1): 6~11
[23] A. G. Mada, B. Bardon, M. Calvo. Parameter optimization and simulated performance of a DVB-T digital television broadcasting system. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1998, 44(1): 131~138
[24] 陈焕经, 王振强. 数字电视机顶盒接收PSI/SI信息的过程及EPG的实现. 有线电视技术, 2003, 10(15): 62~65
[25] 黄文东, 钟玉琢, 沈洪. 机顶盒复用器的接口函数设计与实现. 计算机研究与发展, 2002, 39(7): 876~881
[26] 刘思伟. DVB 码流中业务信息与电子节目指南. 有线电视技术, 2004, 11(1): 62~64
[27] 侯思颖, 李锐, 何伟. DVB 中 PSI 和 SI 浅析. 中国有线电视, 2004, 12(17): 39~40
[28] Nam Ling, Nien-Tsu Wang. Real-time video decoding scheme for HDTV set-top boxes. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2002, 48(4): 353~360
[29] Swaminathan Vishnu, Chakrabarty Krishnendu. Real-time task scheduling forenergy-aware embedded systems. Journal of The Franklin Institute, 2001, 338(6): 729~750
[30] Huang Chun-Chea, Liang Wen Yaub. Object-oriented development of the embedded system based on Petri-nets. Computer Standards and Interfaces, 2004, 26(3): 187~203
[31] Coyle E. A, Maguire L. P, McGinnity T. M. Self-repair of embedded systems. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2004, 17(1): 1~9
[32] 何立民. 嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004, 4(1): 6~8
[33] Cooling J. E. Languages for the programming of real-time embedded systems A survey and comparison. Micoprocessors and Microsystems, 1996, 20(2): 67~77
[34] John Catsoulis. 嵌入式硬件设计. 第 1 版. 徐君明, 许铁军, 黄年松译. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2004. 41~42
[35] Gloria Alessandro De. Microprocessor design for embedded system. Journal of Systems Architecture, 1999, 45(12): 1139~1149
[36] I. Bate. Real-Time Embedded System. Computer & Control Engineering Journal, 2003, 13(4): 154~156
[37] 国澄明, 王利娟, 傅建军等. 标准清晰度数字电视机顶盒软件设计. 天津大学学报, 2004, 37(9): 827~830
[38] 刘宝锋, 张文军. 机顶盒应用软件模块的设计与实现. 计算机工程, 2004, 30(8): 85~87
[39] 舒国丽, 金韬, 任秀丽. 网络电视机顶盒 GUI 系统的设计与实现. 小型微型计算机系统, 2002, 23(10): 1270~1273
[40] 邹林辉, 周清, 南方. 数字电视电子节目指南生成的实现. 中国有线电视, 2004, 12(22): 27~32
[41] 古志奇, 余松煜. 机顶盒 SI 模块的设计与实现. 电视技术, 2004, 28(3): 51~53
[42] Jean J. Labrosse. 嵌入式实时操作系统 uC/OS-II. 第 2 版. 邵贝贝等译. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003. 34~36
[43] Jen Seung Choi, Joo Won Kim, Dong Seog Han, et al.. Design and implementation of DVB-T receiver system for digital TV. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2003, 49(4): 1035~1042
[2] 马立欣. 数字电视概述. 电视技术, 2000, 24(6): 5~8
[3] 孙志行, 宋玉炎, 何道刚. 数字机顶盒技术及其市场前景. 电视技术, 2002, 26(1): 46~49
[4] 刘文开, 刘远航. 地面广播数字电视技术. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2003. 182~183
[5] W. F. Schreiber. Advanced Television Systems for Terrestrial Broadcasting: some Problems and some Proposed solutions. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1995, 83(6): 958~981
[6] Hyoung Nam Kim, Sung Ik Park, Seung Won Kim. Performance analysis of error propagation effects in the DFE for ATSC DTV receivers. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2003, 49(3): 249~257
[7] Wei Li, Hong Liu, G. Gagnon. Performance assessment of IP traffic over ATSC interactive datacasting systems. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2005, 51(1): 54~62
[8] 宋永成. ATSC8-VSB 和 DVB-T COFDM 一般传输系统之间的性能比较. 电视技术, 2000, 24(6): 22~23
[9] M. Uehara, M. Takada, T. Kuroda. Transmission scheme for the terrestrial ISDB system. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1999, 45(1): 101~106
[10] 李震梅, 董传岱. 数字机顶盒的功能与市场分析. 中国有线电视, 2002, 10(9): 29~31
[11] S. Pekowsky, R. Jaeger. The set-top box as “multimedia terminal”. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998, 44(3): 833~840
[12] S. Koutroubinas, T. Antonakopoulos, V. Makios. A new efficient access protocol for integrating multimedia services in the home environment. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1999, 45(3): 481~487
[13] Yamauchi, H. Okada, S. Taketa. Single chip video processor for digital HDTV. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 2001, 47(3): 394~404
[14] 钟玉琢, 王琪, 赵黎等. MPEG-2 运动图像压缩编码国际标准及 MPEG 的新进展. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2002. 2~13
[15] 赵文斌. MPEG-2 视频信号的编辑原理. 中国有线电视, 2005, 13(2): 184~186
[16] G. Gardikis, A. Kourtis, P. Constantinou. Dynamic bandwidth allocation in DVB-T networks providing IP services. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2003, 49(3): 314~318
[17] R. S. Sherratt. Performance and conformance results of the deterministic DVB-T equalizer. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2004, 50(1): 95~99
[18] S. O'Leary, D. Priestly, N. McSparron. Mobile broadcasting of DVB-T signals. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1998, 44(3): 346~352
[19] R. Makowitz, A. Turner, J. Gledhill, et al. A single-chip DVB-T receiver. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998, 44(3): 990~993
[20] Yu-Wei Lin, Hsuan-Yu Liu, Chen-Yi Lee. A dynamic scaling FFT processor for DVB-T applications. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2004, 39(11): 2005~ 2013
[21] 江灏, 陈晓光, 王世一等. 上海地区的 DVB-T 单频网设计. 数字电视, 2004, 28(5): 23~25
[22] 张文军, 夏劲松, 王匡等. 高级数字电视广播系统传输方案. 电视技术, 2002, 26(1): 6~11
[23] A. G. Mada, B. Bardon, M. Calvo. Parameter optimization and simulated performance of a DVB-T digital television broadcasting system. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1998, 44(1): 131~138
[24] 陈焕经, 王振强. 数字电视机顶盒接收PSI/SI信息的过程及EPG的实现. 有线电视技术, 2003, 10(15): 62~65
[25] 黄文东, 钟玉琢, 沈洪. 机顶盒复用器的接口函数设计与实现. 计算机研究与发展, 2002, 39(7): 876~881
[26] 刘思伟. DVB 码流中业务信息与电子节目指南. 有线电视技术, 2004, 11(1): 62~64
[27] 侯思颖, 李锐, 何伟. DVB 中 PSI 和 SI 浅析. 中国有线电视, 2004, 12(17): 39~40
[28] Nam Ling, Nien-Tsu Wang. Real-time video decoding scheme for HDTV set-top boxes. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2002, 48(4): 353~360
[29] Swaminathan Vishnu, Chakrabarty Krishnendu. Real-time task scheduling forenergy-aware embedded systems. Journal of The Franklin Institute, 2001, 338(6): 729~750
[30] Huang Chun-Chea, Liang Wen Yaub. Object-oriented development of the embedded system based on Petri-nets. Computer Standards and Interfaces, 2004, 26(3): 187~203
[31] Coyle E. A, Maguire L. P, McGinnity T. M. Self-repair of embedded systems. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2004, 17(1): 1~9
[32] 何立民. 嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004, 4(1): 6~8
[33] Cooling J. E. Languages for the programming of real-time embedded systems A survey and comparison. Micoprocessors and Microsystems, 1996, 20(2): 67~77
[34] John Catsoulis. 嵌入式硬件设计. 第 1 版. 徐君明, 许铁军, 黄年松译. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2004. 41~42
[35] Gloria Alessandro De. Microprocessor design for embedded system. Journal of Systems Architecture, 1999, 45(12): 1139~1149
[36] I. Bate. Real-Time Embedded System. Computer & Control Engineering Journal, 2003, 13(4): 154~156
[37] 国澄明, 王利娟, 傅建军等. 标准清晰度数字电视机顶盒软件设计. 天津大学学报, 2004, 37(9): 827~830
[38] 刘宝锋, 张文军. 机顶盒应用软件模块的设计与实现. 计算机工程, 2004, 30(8): 85~87
[39] 舒国丽, 金韬, 任秀丽. 网络电视机顶盒 GUI 系统的设计与实现. 小型微型计算机系统, 2002, 23(10): 1270~1273
[40] 邹林辉, 周清, 南方. 数字电视电子节目指南生成的实现. 中国有线电视, 2004, 12(22): 27~32
[41] 古志奇, 余松煜. 机顶盒 SI 模块的设计与实现. 电视技术, 2004, 28(3): 51~53
[42] Jean J. Labrosse. 嵌入式实时操作系统 uC/OS-II. 第 2 版. 邵贝贝等译. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003. 34~36
[43] Jen Seung Choi, Joo Won Kim, Dong Seog Han, et al.. Design and implementation of DVB-T receiver system for digital TV. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2003, 49(4): 1035~1042
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