星级宾馆客房室内空气卫生质量调查分析
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摘要
【目的】调查评价星级宾馆客房室内空气卫生质量,了解掌握卫生管理现状,为日后进一步加强卫生监管,改善星级宾馆室内空气卫生质量提供对策,也为制订或修改相关法律法规和卫生标准提供依据。【方法】随机抽取上海市浦东、长宁等6个区的18家三至五星级宾馆,按有关标准和规范对宾馆客房内可吸入颗粒物、甲醛等7项空气指标以及集中空调送风和风管内微生物污染状况、风管内表面积尘含量等进行监测,对各宾馆卫生管理状况等情况进行现场调查。【结果】所调查星级宾馆客房甲醛污染严重,集中空调卫生状况不容乐观,对室内空气卫生质量管理不够重视。【结论】应加强通风,加强集中空调卫生管理,选择无毒环保装修材料,改善星级宾馆客房室内空气质量。
Objective:To investigate and evaluate the indoor air quality in star hotel room, not only supplying suggestion for improving the indoor air quality and hygiene management in future but also providing basis for establishing or revising laws and hygiene standard. Methods:Random samples are selected from 18 three to five star hotels in six districts of shanghai ,including Pudong, Changning and so on. According to relative standard, inhalational particles , formaldehyde and other seven air pollution indexes, microorganism pollution in ventilated system in air condition, the dust accumulating on the surface of ventilation pipe are under monitored, the hygiene management of hotel and other aspects are also investigated on the spot. Results :Formaldehyde pollution in surveyed star hotels rooms is serious, health of ventilated system in air condition is not optimistic, hygiene management on indoor air quality is not paid enough attention . Conclusions:Ventilation as well as hygiene management of the ventilated system in air condition should be reinforced,and choosing innocuous decoration materials, improving indoor air quality in star hotel room .
Objective:To investigate and evaluate the indoor air quality in star hotel room, not only supplying suggestion for improving the indoor air quality and hygiene management in future but also providing basis for establishing or revising laws and hygiene standard. Methods:Random samples are selected from 18 three to five star hotels in six districts of shanghai ,including Pudong, Changning and so on. According to relative standard, inhalational particles , formaldehyde and other seven air pollution indexes, microorganism pollution in ventilated system in air condition, the dust accumulating on the surface of ventilation pipe are under monitored, the hygiene management of hotel and other aspects are also investigated on the spot. Results :Formaldehyde pollution in surveyed star hotels rooms is serious, health of ventilated system in air condition is not optimistic, hygiene management on indoor air quality is not paid enough attention . Conclusions:Ventilation as well as hygiene management of the ventilated system in air condition should be reinforced,and choosing innocuous decoration materials, improving indoor air quality in star hotel room .
引文
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2.韩京芝,史春桥.室内空气污染对人体的危害及防治.安全与健康,2006,(6):40-42.
3. 刘萌,李德芳.室内空气污染和空气质量的控制.河南气象,2006,2:93-93.
4. 徐东群,崔九思,韩克勤等. 室内空气污染卫生监督管理研究进展. 中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所.
5. 刘新华,袁增明. 装修后的居室内空气质量现状调查分析.河南预防医学杂志,2006,17(1):43-43.
6. 李若岚,原国平等. 北京市西城区美容美发行业室内空气细菌污染状况调查.中国公共卫生管理,2005,21(2):140-141.
7. 陈晓东,陈连生. 中央空调系统对室内空气质量和健康的影响.中国公共卫生,2004,20(12):1434-1435.
8. 陈清,黄浦昌等. 连云港市公共场所室内空气质量监测结果分析.江苏预防医学,2004,15(2):43-44.
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10. 张苏华,王俊成等. 宾馆客房装修后室内空气中甲醛污染调查.职业与健康,2006,22(16):1285-1286.
11. 李华,瞿云丽等.西安市星级宾馆客房空气卫生质量评价.职业与健康,2002,18(10):122-123.
12. GB9663-1996,旅店业卫生标准[S].
13.卫生部. 公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范.2006年3月1日实施.
14. GB/T17220-1998,公共场所卫生监测技术规范[S].
15.莫伟文,王培杰等.地下铁道车站内空气质量卫生学调查.上海预防医学杂志,2004,16(5):230-232.
16. 潘海亮, 邢建喜等. 青岛市四方区1～ 2 星级和带空调宾馆卫生质量检测. 预防医学文献信息,2002,8(5):577-578.
17. 段伟,曲中军等. 危害分析关键控制点在济宁市星级宾馆卫生监督中的应用.预防医学文献信息,2003,9(4):407-408.
18. 李红霞,黄厚今.甲醛的毒性研究进展.国外医学卫生学分册,2006,33(2):114-117.
19. 韩良峰,李琴. 室内甲醛对人体健康影响的研究.中国公共卫生,1996,12(4):151-152.
20.中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所编.北京:公共场所卫生监督监测手册[S].1991.108-114.
21.杨旭.建筑及装饰材料卫生学评价系列综述之一:致病建筑综合症[J].中国卫生工程学,1994,4(4):145-151.
22. 陈学敏,吴德生,王国荃等.环境卫生学[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2001.228.
23. 蔡宏道.现代环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.482— 483.
24. Hudnel HK, Ono DA, House DE, et al. Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture.Ⅱ.Sensory [J]. Arch Environ Health,1992,47(1):31一38.
25.Having H,Dahl R,Molhave L.Lung function and broochial reactivity in asthmatics during exposure to volatile organic compounds[J].Am Rev Respit Dis,1991,143(40:751-754.
26.王春,宋伟民,蒋蓉芳.装饰材料挥发物吸入染毒对大鼠IL-4、IL-5含量及ICAM-1 mRNA表达的影响.环境与职业医学,2004,21(3)161-164.
27. 王春,张焕珠,蒋蓉芳等.装修后居室空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染现状.环境与健康杂志,2005,22(5):356-358.
28. 卫生部.公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生管理办法.2006年3月1日实施.
1.余江,陈刚,王军义.某开发区公共场所室内空气质量卫生学调查研究. 广东药学院学报,2004,20(1):54-57.
2.国务院.《公共场所卫生管理条例》.1987年4月1日发布实施.
3.公共场所空气质量隐忧多多.环境,2005,11:43.
4.蔡宏道主编.现代环境卫生学.北京.人民卫生出版社.1995.第 1 版.
5.室内空气污染源及污染物.室内环境空气污染信息库.甘肃省环境监测中心站.
6.上海市人民政府.《上海市公共场所禁止吸烟暂行规定》.1997年12月19日修正发布.
7.周世忠,郑朝军,王频等.《439家公共场所禁烟情况监督检查》.上海卫生监督,内部资料,2006,1(1):10-11.
8.丁亚军. 室内空气污染对人体健康的影响及防治对策.
9.王春,宋伟民,蒋蓉芳.装饰材料挥发物吸入染毒对大鼠IL-4、IL-5含量及ICAM-1 mRNA表达的影响.环境与职业医学,2004,21(3)161-164.
10.李铮.解决室内污染-绿色家装和救济途径(J).中国环保产业,2002,6:47-48.
11.周映红,赵明瑶.新开业公共场所室内甲醛浓度状况调查.上海卫生监督,内部资料,2006,试刊:33-34.
12.张苏华,王俊成,曹珊等.宾馆客房装修后室内空气中甲醛污染调查.职业与健康,2006,22(16):1285-1286.
13.王春,张焕珠,蒋蓉芳等.装修后居室空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染现状.环境与健康杂志,2005,22(5):356-358.
14.陈晓东,陈连生.中央空调系统对室内空气质量和健康的影响.中国公共卫生,2004,20(12):1434-1435.
15.空调系统污染及健康危害.内部资料.
16.范锦姬.Refrigeration.2005,24(91):88.
17.Gray HA, et al. [J].Atmos Environ, 1998, 32:3805-3825.
18.Seaton A, et al.[Jl.Lancet, 1995,345:176-178.
19.Pope CA, et al. [ J I.Environ Health Perspect,1995,103:472-480.
20.王春,宋伟民. 自由基与可吸入性颗粒物的致病机制.国外医学卫生学分册.2003,30(1):9-13.
21.《室内空气质量标准》编制说明.内部资料.
22.李红霞,黄厚今. 甲醛的毒性研究进展. 国外医学卫生学分册.2006,33(2):114-117.
23.Lyapina M,Zhelezova G,Petrova E, et al.Flow cytometric determination of neutrophil respiratory burst activity in workers exposed to formaldehyde[J].Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2004, 77(5):335-340.
24.Venn AL Cooper M, Antoniak M, et al. Efects of volatile organic compounds,damp, and other environmental exposures in the home on wheezing illness in children [J].Thorax,2003,58(I1) :955-960.
25.Takigawa T, Horike T, Ohashi Y, et al.Were volatile organic compounds the inducing factors for subjective symptoms of employees working in newly constructed hospitals? [J].Environ Toxicol, 2004, 19(4):280-290.
26.Nalivaiko E, De Pasquale CG, Blessing WW. Electrocardiographic changes associated with the nasopharyngeal reflex in conscious rabbits: vagosympathetic co-activation[J].Anton Neurosci, 2003, 105(2);101-104.
27.Cole P, Axten C. Formaldehyde and leukemia: an improbable causal relationship[J].Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2004, 40(2):107-112.
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2.韩京芝,史春桥.室内空气污染对人体的危害及防治.安全与健康,2006,(6):40-42.
3. 刘萌,李德芳.室内空气污染和空气质量的控制.河南气象,2006,2:93-93.
4. 徐东群,崔九思,韩克勤等. 室内空气污染卫生监督管理研究进展. 中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所.
5. 刘新华,袁增明. 装修后的居室内空气质量现状调查分析.河南预防医学杂志,2006,17(1):43-43.
6. 李若岚,原国平等. 北京市西城区美容美发行业室内空气细菌污染状况调查.中国公共卫生管理,2005,21(2):140-141.
7. 陈晓东,陈连生. 中央空调系统对室内空气质量和健康的影响.中国公共卫生,2004,20(12):1434-1435.
8. 陈清,黄浦昌等. 连云港市公共场所室内空气质量监测结果分析.江苏预防医学,2004,15(2):43-44.
9. 郭玉麟,钱信林等. 烟台市有空调设施的饭店、宾馆客房卫生质量监测结果.职业与健康,2006,22(19):1598-1600.
10. 张苏华,王俊成等. 宾馆客房装修后室内空气中甲醛污染调查.职业与健康,2006,22(16):1285-1286.
11. 李华,瞿云丽等.西安市星级宾馆客房空气卫生质量评价.职业与健康,2002,18(10):122-123.
12. GB9663-1996,旅店业卫生标准[S].
13.卫生部. 公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范.2006年3月1日实施.
14. GB/T17220-1998,公共场所卫生监测技术规范[S].
15.莫伟文,王培杰等.地下铁道车站内空气质量卫生学调查.上海预防医学杂志,2004,16(5):230-232.
16. 潘海亮, 邢建喜等. 青岛市四方区1～ 2 星级和带空调宾馆卫生质量检测. 预防医学文献信息,2002,8(5):577-578.
17. 段伟,曲中军等. 危害分析关键控制点在济宁市星级宾馆卫生监督中的应用.预防医学文献信息,2003,9(4):407-408.
18. 李红霞,黄厚今.甲醛的毒性研究进展.国外医学卫生学分册,2006,33(2):114-117.
19. 韩良峰,李琴. 室内甲醛对人体健康影响的研究.中国公共卫生,1996,12(4):151-152.
20.中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所编.北京:公共场所卫生监督监测手册[S].1991.108-114.
21.杨旭.建筑及装饰材料卫生学评价系列综述之一:致病建筑综合症[J].中国卫生工程学,1994,4(4):145-151.
22. 陈学敏,吴德生,王国荃等.环境卫生学[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2001.228.
23. 蔡宏道.现代环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.482— 483.
24. Hudnel HK, Ono DA, House DE, et al. Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture.Ⅱ.Sensory [J]. Arch Environ Health,1992,47(1):31一38.
25.Having H,Dahl R,Molhave L.Lung function and broochial reactivity in asthmatics during exposure to volatile organic compounds[J].Am Rev Respit Dis,1991,143(40:751-754.
26.王春,宋伟民,蒋蓉芳.装饰材料挥发物吸入染毒对大鼠IL-4、IL-5含量及ICAM-1 mRNA表达的影响.环境与职业医学,2004,21(3)161-164.
27. 王春,张焕珠,蒋蓉芳等.装修后居室空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染现状.环境与健康杂志,2005,22(5):356-358.
28. 卫生部.公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生管理办法.2006年3月1日实施.
1.余江,陈刚,王军义.某开发区公共场所室内空气质量卫生学调查研究. 广东药学院学报,2004,20(1):54-57.
2.国务院.《公共场所卫生管理条例》.1987年4月1日发布实施.
3.公共场所空气质量隐忧多多.环境,2005,11:43.
4.蔡宏道主编.现代环境卫生学.北京.人民卫生出版社.1995.第 1 版.
5.室内空气污染源及污染物.室内环境空气污染信息库.甘肃省环境监测中心站.
6.上海市人民政府.《上海市公共场所禁止吸烟暂行规定》.1997年12月19日修正发布.
7.周世忠,郑朝军,王频等.《439家公共场所禁烟情况监督检查》.上海卫生监督,内部资料,2006,1(1):10-11.
8.丁亚军. 室内空气污染对人体健康的影响及防治对策.
9.王春,宋伟民,蒋蓉芳.装饰材料挥发物吸入染毒对大鼠IL-4、IL-5含量及ICAM-1 mRNA表达的影响.环境与职业医学,2004,21(3)161-164.
10.李铮.解决室内污染-绿色家装和救济途径(J).中国环保产业,2002,6:47-48.
11.周映红,赵明瑶.新开业公共场所室内甲醛浓度状况调查.上海卫生监督,内部资料,2006,试刊:33-34.
12.张苏华,王俊成,曹珊等.宾馆客房装修后室内空气中甲醛污染调查.职业与健康,2006,22(16):1285-1286.
13.王春,张焕珠,蒋蓉芳等.装修后居室空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染现状.环境与健康杂志,2005,22(5):356-358.
14.陈晓东,陈连生.中央空调系统对室内空气质量和健康的影响.中国公共卫生,2004,20(12):1434-1435.
15.空调系统污染及健康危害.内部资料.
16.范锦姬.Refrigeration.2005,24(91):88.
17.Gray HA, et al. [J].Atmos Environ, 1998, 32:3805-3825.
18.Seaton A, et al.[Jl.Lancet, 1995,345:176-178.
19.Pope CA, et al. [ J I.Environ Health Perspect,1995,103:472-480.
20.王春,宋伟民. 自由基与可吸入性颗粒物的致病机制.国外医学卫生学分册.2003,30(1):9-13.
21.《室内空气质量标准》编制说明.内部资料.
22.李红霞,黄厚今. 甲醛的毒性研究进展. 国外医学卫生学分册.2006,33(2):114-117.
23.Lyapina M,Zhelezova G,Petrova E, et al.Flow cytometric determination of neutrophil respiratory burst activity in workers exposed to formaldehyde[J].Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2004, 77(5):335-340.
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