双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中双色复用存储技术研究
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摘要
体全息存储技术以其在存储容量和存储速率上的独特优势,成为颇具潜力的下一代存储技术。光折变晶体以其大的动态范围及易于大尺寸生长等特性成为一种非常重要的体全息存储材料,但由于光折变晶体的动态特性,导致存储的数据极易丢失。光折变晶体的易失性存储问题,已成为影响全息存储技术能否实用化的关键问题之一。采用具有深浅两个掺杂中心的双掺杂铌酸锂晶体,一种全光过程的双色固定技术被提出并成为了一种最具潜力的体全息存储固定技术。
目前双色复用存储技术的研究取得了一定的进展,但仍存在很多问题,其中门光束对已记录全息图的擦除以及等衍射效率的曝光时序问题一直是需要解决的关键问题。
本论文的主要工作是对双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中的双色全息复用存储技术进行实验研究。目的是通过实验研究,优选晶体材料、优化记录条件和记录方案,在双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中实现均衡衍射效率,良好图像质量的全息图像的非易失性存储。
存储材料是影响全息存储性能的一个最重要的因素。本论文通过实验研究了不同掺杂组分的双掺杂铌酸锂晶体的全息存储性能、以及不同氧化状态的影响。实验表明LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体和LiNO3:Ce:Cu晶体的固定效率高,有利于实施多幅全息图的复用记录,依据此结果选取合适的晶体样品进行本论文的实验研究工作。
我们在LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体中进行了全息光栅的双色存储实验研究,通过分析各种实验条件对全息性能的影响,确定双色全息记录的优化实验条件。在此基础上,分析研究了双色全息复用存储中的光擦除特点,采用直接记录方案,设计合适的曝光时序,成功实现了50幅等衍射效率全息光栅的双色角度复用存储。
实验研究了敏化后的双掺杂铌酸锂晶体的双色复用的存储特性,指出在预曝光记录方案下、采用简单的等时曝光实现等衍射效率多重复用存储的可能性,并进行了实验验证。利用等时曝光在敏化后的LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体中实现了准等衍射效率的双色全息复用存储。
本论文还对全息图像的双色复用存储进行了实验研究。初步分析了双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中存储全息图像的噪声特点,分别研究了实验中多种因素对噪声的贡献。依据双色多重全息存储的曝光特性,采用等时曝光时序在LiNO3:Ce:Cu晶体中成功实现了50幅等衍射效率全息图像的双色复用记录和无损读出。固定后的平均衍射效率达到7.64×10-6。
The volume holographic storage is one of the most promising optical storage techniques for its high storage density and high data transfer rates. Photorefractive materials have been considered as one kind of the most important materials for volume holographic storage with their advantages of wider dynamic range and commercial availability in large size. It is well known that the holographic information stored in a photorefractive crystal is gradually erased during readout due to the dynamic nature of photorefractive effect. The volatility of the stored data in Photorefractive crystals has become serious obstacle to the practical realization of Photorefractive holographic memories.
By using doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals with deep-doped and shallow-doped centers, nonvolatile holographic storage can be achieved in a completely optical way, which is known as two-center or two-color holographic storage.
Although multiplexing holograms have been realized in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals, there are still a lot of problems such as the erasure of recorded holograms by UV light and the recording schedule for equal diffraction efficiency.
In the thesis, angle-multiplexed holographic storage in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals is studied experimentally. We performed a series of experiments to find out the proper crystals, the optimized experiment parameters, and exposure recording scheme for multiplexed holographic storage. The method of achieving equal diffraction efficiency and better hologram fidelity in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals is investigated.
The media is one of the most important influencing factors on the holographic storage properties. The effects of different dopants and annealing on two-center holographic recording in LiNbO3 crystals are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that, the LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystals and LiNO3:Ce:Cu crystals are fit for holographic recording due to their high fixed diffraction efficiencies. Based on this, the adaptive crystals are selected for the following experiments.
The effects of the various design parameters on the holographic recording characteristics are considered, an optimization scheme is presented and the two-color holographic storage is performed in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystal. The erasure characteristics of two-center storage are analyzed, and the recording schedule for multiplexing many persistent holograms is designed. 50 holographic gratings with equal diffraction efficiencies are angle-multiplexed in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystal .
The behavior of multiplexing holograms under exposure is analytically discussed in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystal. The multiplexing recording of holograms with equal diffraction efficiencies is implemented by using pre-exposure recording scheme and the recording schedule of an equal time exposure.
We conduct holographic storage of images in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal by using pre-exposure recording scheme. Two-center holographic storage of images are performed experimentally in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal, and the characteristics of the holograms noise are analyzed. The effects of the various experimental factors on the noise of holograms are presented. Angle-multiplexed holographic storage of 50 images with almost equal diffraction efficiencies are multiplexed in a LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal with equivalent exposure schedule. The average diffraction efficiency of 50 holograms is 7.64×10-6.
目前双色复用存储技术的研究取得了一定的进展,但仍存在很多问题,其中门光束对已记录全息图的擦除以及等衍射效率的曝光时序问题一直是需要解决的关键问题。
本论文的主要工作是对双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中的双色全息复用存储技术进行实验研究。目的是通过实验研究,优选晶体材料、优化记录条件和记录方案,在双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中实现均衡衍射效率,良好图像质量的全息图像的非易失性存储。
存储材料是影响全息存储性能的一个最重要的因素。本论文通过实验研究了不同掺杂组分的双掺杂铌酸锂晶体的全息存储性能、以及不同氧化状态的影响。实验表明LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体和LiNO3:Ce:Cu晶体的固定效率高,有利于实施多幅全息图的复用记录,依据此结果选取合适的晶体样品进行本论文的实验研究工作。
我们在LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体中进行了全息光栅的双色存储实验研究,通过分析各种实验条件对全息性能的影响,确定双色全息记录的优化实验条件。在此基础上,分析研究了双色全息复用存储中的光擦除特点,采用直接记录方案,设计合适的曝光时序,成功实现了50幅等衍射效率全息光栅的双色角度复用存储。
实验研究了敏化后的双掺杂铌酸锂晶体的双色复用的存储特性,指出在预曝光记录方案下、采用简单的等时曝光实现等衍射效率多重复用存储的可能性,并进行了实验验证。利用等时曝光在敏化后的LiNbO3:Fe:Cu晶体中实现了准等衍射效率的双色全息复用存储。
本论文还对全息图像的双色复用存储进行了实验研究。初步分析了双掺杂铌酸锂晶体中存储全息图像的噪声特点,分别研究了实验中多种因素对噪声的贡献。依据双色多重全息存储的曝光特性,采用等时曝光时序在LiNO3:Ce:Cu晶体中成功实现了50幅等衍射效率全息图像的双色复用记录和无损读出。固定后的平均衍射效率达到7.64×10-6。
The volume holographic storage is one of the most promising optical storage techniques for its high storage density and high data transfer rates. Photorefractive materials have been considered as one kind of the most important materials for volume holographic storage with their advantages of wider dynamic range and commercial availability in large size. It is well known that the holographic information stored in a photorefractive crystal is gradually erased during readout due to the dynamic nature of photorefractive effect. The volatility of the stored data in Photorefractive crystals has become serious obstacle to the practical realization of Photorefractive holographic memories.
By using doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals with deep-doped and shallow-doped centers, nonvolatile holographic storage can be achieved in a completely optical way, which is known as two-center or two-color holographic storage.
Although multiplexing holograms have been realized in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals, there are still a lot of problems such as the erasure of recorded holograms by UV light and the recording schedule for equal diffraction efficiency.
In the thesis, angle-multiplexed holographic storage in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals is studied experimentally. We performed a series of experiments to find out the proper crystals, the optimized experiment parameters, and exposure recording scheme for multiplexed holographic storage. The method of achieving equal diffraction efficiency and better hologram fidelity in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals is investigated.
The media is one of the most important influencing factors on the holographic storage properties. The effects of different dopants and annealing on two-center holographic recording in LiNbO3 crystals are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that, the LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystals and LiNO3:Ce:Cu crystals are fit for holographic recording due to their high fixed diffraction efficiencies. Based on this, the adaptive crystals are selected for the following experiments.
The effects of the various design parameters on the holographic recording characteristics are considered, an optimization scheme is presented and the two-color holographic storage is performed in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystal. The erasure characteristics of two-center storage are analyzed, and the recording schedule for multiplexing many persistent holograms is designed. 50 holographic gratings with equal diffraction efficiencies are angle-multiplexed in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystal .
The behavior of multiplexing holograms under exposure is analytically discussed in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystal. The multiplexing recording of holograms with equal diffraction efficiencies is implemented by using pre-exposure recording scheme and the recording schedule of an equal time exposure.
We conduct holographic storage of images in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal by using pre-exposure recording scheme. Two-center holographic storage of images are performed experimentally in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal, and the characteristics of the holograms noise are analyzed. The effects of the various experimental factors on the noise of holograms are presented. Angle-multiplexed holographic storage of 50 images with almost equal diffraction efficiencies are multiplexed in a LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal with equivalent exposure schedule. The average diffraction efficiency of 50 holograms is 7.64×10-6.
引文
1 陶世荃等,光全息存储,北京:北京工业大学出版社,1998. 12
2 P. J. Van Heerden. Theory of Optical Information Storage in Solid. Appl. Opt..1963,2;393
3 F. Micheron, et al. Electrical Control in Photorefractive Materials for Optical Storage. Appl.Opt.1974,13(4):784～787
4 J. Ma, et al. Electrical Fixing of 1000 Angle-multiplexed Holograms in SBN. Opt.Lett.1997,22(14):1116～1118
5 Helge A.Eggert, Benedikt Hecking, and karsten Buse. Electrical Fixing in near-stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crastals. Opt.Lett.2004, 29(12):2476～2478
6 J. Amodei, and D. L. Staebler. Holographic Pattern Fixing in Electro-Optic crystals . Appl. Phys. Lett. 1971,18: 540~542.
7 D. L. Staebler, W. J. Burke, W. Phillips, and Amodei. Multiple Storage and Erasure of Fixed Holograms in Fe-Doped LiNbO3 .Appl. Phys. Lett. 1975,26(4): 182~184.
8 A. Yariv, Sergei S. Orlov, and George A. Rakuljic. Holographic Storage Dynamics in Lithium Niobate: Theory and Experiment. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1996,B13 (11): 2513~2523.
9 X. An, D. Psaltis, and G. Burr. Thermal Fixing of 10000 Holograms in LiNbO3:Fe. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38 (2): 86393.
10 D.Von der linde,et al. Multiphoton Photorefractive Processes for Optical Storage in LiNbO3. Appl.Phys.Lett.1974, 25(3):155～157
11 H.Guenther, G. Wittmann, and R.Macfarlane. Intensity Dependence and White-light Gating of Two-color Photorefractive Gratings in LiNbO3. Opt.Lett. 1997, 22(17):1305～1307
12 李铭华等,光折变晶体材料科学导论,-------北京:科学出版社,2003
13 孔勇发等 多功能光电材料-铌酸锂晶体,北京:科学出版社 2005
14 K.Buse,A.Adibi&D.Psaltis. Non-volatileholographic Storage in Doubly Doped Lithium niobate Crystals. Lettersof Nature. 1998,393(18):665～668
15 A.Adibi,Karsten Buse,and Demetri Psaltis. Sensitivity Improvement in Two- center Holographic Recording. Optics Letters, 2000,25(8 ):539～541
16 刘德安,刘立人,刘友文,周长河. 光色效应 LiNbO3:Fe:Mn 晶体非挥发性全息存储中自衍射效应的实验研究. 光学学报,2001,21(10): 1190～1192
17 Omid Momtahan, George H.Cadena, and Ali Adibi. Sensitivity Variation in Two-center Holographic Recording. Opt. Lett. 2005, 30(20):2709～2711
18 Youwen Liu,Liren Liu et al. Intensity Dependence of Two-center NonvolatileHolographic Recording in LiNbO3:Cu:Ce crystals. Optics Communications, 190(2001):339～343
19 Liyong Ren,Liren Liu,De’an Liu et al. Optimal Swiching from Recording to Fixing for High Diffraction from a LiNbO3:Ce:Cu Photorefractive Nonvolatile Hologram. Opt.Lett. 2004,29(2):186～188
20 Qianmin Dong,Liren Liu,De’an Liu et al. Effect of Dopant Composition Ratio on Nonvolatile Holographic Recording in LiNbO3:Cu:Ce Crydtals. Applied Optics. 2004, 43(26):5016～5022
21 Lambertus Hesselink et al. Photorefractive Materials for Nonvolatile Volume Holographic Data Storage. Science, 1998 282: 1089-1094
22 Myeongkyu Lee, Shunji Takekawa et al. Nonvolatile Two-color Holographic Recording in Tb-doped LiNbO3. Applied Optics. 2000, 76(13):1653～1655
23 Myeongkyu Lee, Shunji Takekawa et al. Photochromic Effect in Near- stoichiometric LiNbO3 and Two-color Holographic Recording. Journal of Applied Physics,2000,88(8):4476～4485
24 Kenji Kitamura,Youwen Liu,Shunji Takekawa et al. Intensity Dependence of Two-color Holography Performance in Te-doped Near-stoochiometric LiNbO3. Proceedings of SPIE. 2002,Vo.4930:338～342
25 刘思敏,郭儒,许京军,光折变非线性光学及其应用,北京:科学出版社,2004:268
26 Albrecht Winnacker, Roger M.Macfarlane et al. Two-color Photorefractive Effect in Mg-doped Lithium Niobate. Applied Optics. 2002, 41(23):4891～4896
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2 P. J. Van Heerden. Theory of Optical Information Storage in Solid. Appl. Opt..1963,2;393
3 F. Micheron, et al. Electrical Control in Photorefractive Materials for Optical Storage. Appl.Opt.1974,13(4):784～787
4 J. Ma, et al. Electrical Fixing of 1000 Angle-multiplexed Holograms in SBN. Opt.Lett.1997,22(14):1116～1118
5 Helge A.Eggert, Benedikt Hecking, and karsten Buse. Electrical Fixing in near-stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crastals. Opt.Lett.2004, 29(12):2476～2478
6 J. Amodei, and D. L. Staebler. Holographic Pattern Fixing in Electro-Optic crystals . Appl. Phys. Lett. 1971,18: 540~542.
7 D. L. Staebler, W. J. Burke, W. Phillips, and Amodei. Multiple Storage and Erasure of Fixed Holograms in Fe-Doped LiNbO3 .Appl. Phys. Lett. 1975,26(4): 182~184.
8 A. Yariv, Sergei S. Orlov, and George A. Rakuljic. Holographic Storage Dynamics in Lithium Niobate: Theory and Experiment. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1996,B13 (11): 2513~2523.
9 X. An, D. Psaltis, and G. Burr. Thermal Fixing of 10000 Holograms in LiNbO3:Fe. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38 (2): 86393.
10 D.Von der linde,et al. Multiphoton Photorefractive Processes for Optical Storage in LiNbO3. Appl.Phys.Lett.1974, 25(3):155～157
11 H.Guenther, G. Wittmann, and R.Macfarlane. Intensity Dependence and White-light Gating of Two-color Photorefractive Gratings in LiNbO3. Opt.Lett. 1997, 22(17):1305～1307
12 李铭华等,光折变晶体材料科学导论,-------北京:科学出版社,2003
13 孔勇发等 多功能光电材料-铌酸锂晶体,北京:科学出版社 2005
14 K.Buse,A.Adibi&D.Psaltis. Non-volatileholographic Storage in Doubly Doped Lithium niobate Crystals. Lettersof Nature. 1998,393(18):665～668
15 A.Adibi,Karsten Buse,and Demetri Psaltis. Sensitivity Improvement in Two- center Holographic Recording. Optics Letters, 2000,25(8 ):539～541
16 刘德安,刘立人,刘友文,周长河. 光色效应 LiNbO3:Fe:Mn 晶体非挥发性全息存储中自衍射效应的实验研究. 光学学报,2001,21(10): 1190～1192
17 Omid Momtahan, George H.Cadena, and Ali Adibi. Sensitivity Variation in Two-center Holographic Recording. Opt. Lett. 2005, 30(20):2709～2711
18 Youwen Liu,Liren Liu et al. Intensity Dependence of Two-center NonvolatileHolographic Recording in LiNbO3:Cu:Ce crystals. Optics Communications, 190(2001):339～343
19 Liyong Ren,Liren Liu,De’an Liu et al. Optimal Swiching from Recording to Fixing for High Diffraction from a LiNbO3:Ce:Cu Photorefractive Nonvolatile Hologram. Opt.Lett. 2004,29(2):186～188
20 Qianmin Dong,Liren Liu,De’an Liu et al. Effect of Dopant Composition Ratio on Nonvolatile Holographic Recording in LiNbO3:Cu:Ce Crydtals. Applied Optics. 2004, 43(26):5016～5022
21 Lambertus Hesselink et al. Photorefractive Materials for Nonvolatile Volume Holographic Data Storage. Science, 1998 282: 1089-1094
22 Myeongkyu Lee, Shunji Takekawa et al. Nonvolatile Two-color Holographic Recording in Tb-doped LiNbO3. Applied Optics. 2000, 76(13):1653～1655
23 Myeongkyu Lee, Shunji Takekawa et al. Photochromic Effect in Near- stoichiometric LiNbO3 and Two-color Holographic Recording. Journal of Applied Physics,2000,88(8):4476～4485
24 Kenji Kitamura,Youwen Liu,Shunji Takekawa et al. Intensity Dependence of Two-color Holography Performance in Te-doped Near-stoochiometric LiNbO3. Proceedings of SPIE. 2002,Vo.4930:338～342
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