氯化钙喷施对番茄产量和品质影响的研究
摘要
为了探讨氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施对番茄产量和品质的影响，本试验采用二因素(即A_1：0.2％氯化钙；A_2：0.5％氯化钙；A_3：1％氯化钙，B_1：初花期喷施；B_2：初果期喷施；B_3：盛果期喷施；B_4：初花期+初果期喷施；B_5：初果期+盛果期喷施)试验方法，在施用氮、磷、钾营养的基础上，进行氯化钙肥叶面喷施效果试验。共15个处理组合，即：A_1B_1、A_1B_2、A_1B_3、A_1B_4、A_1B_5、A_2B_1、A_2B_2、A_2B_3、A_2B_4、A_2B_5：、A_3B_1、A_3B_2、A_3B_3、A_3B_4、A_3B_5。通过试验对番茄单果重、单株产量、小区产量、脐腐病发病率、硬度、还原糖含量、可滴定酸度、Vc含量进行分析，结果表明：
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能增加番茄产量。1％氯化钙在番茄初花期+初果期喷施增产效果明显，可增加番茄单果重、单株产量、单株结果数和小区产量。单果重增加10.4％、单株产量增加54.5％、单株结果数增加1.5个／株、小区产量增加19.0％。
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能较好地防治番茄脐腐病。喷施时期对番茄脐腐病发病率影响较大，盛果期喷施发病率最高，为14.21％，初花期+初果期喷施，脐腐病发病率只有0.14％。在处理组合中，不同浓度氯化钙均在盛果期喷施时，发病率均很高，平均发病率达14.21％，而在其他时期喷施发病率均很低，平均为1.84％。说明氯化钙喷施浓度对番茄脐腐病发病率影响较小，喷施时期是防治番茄脐腐病的关键。
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能提高番茄硬度。1％氯化钙初花期+初果期喷施比0.2％氯化钙盛果期喷施，番茄硬度增加了0.16kg／cm~2。
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能提高番茄的质量。番茄还原糖和Vc含量与氯化钙喷施浓度有一定的关系，随浓度的增加还原糖和Vc含量有所增加。1％氯化钙喷施较0.2％氯化钙喷施还原糖增加了0.33g／100g，Vc含量增加了5.6％；喷施时期对番茄还原糖含量和Vc含量效果显著，初花期+初果期喷施效果明显，与其他时期喷施相比较，番茄还原糖含量分别增加了0.28、0.29、0.43、0.67g／100g，番茄Vc含量分别增加7.4％、7.8％、12.6％、13.3％。最佳组合为1％氯化钙初花期+初果期喷施，可明显增加番茄还原糖与Vc含量，与其他组合相比较，番茄还原糖含量增加最多的为0.96g／100g，Vc含量增加最多的为23.9％。
番茄可滴定酸度随喷施浓度的增加呈降低趋势。1％氯化钙喷施较0.2％氯化钙喷施番茄可滴定酸度降低了0.03g／100g。喷施时期对番茄可滴定酸的影响较小。组合间0.2％氯化钙盛果期喷施番茄的可滴定酸度最高，1％氯化钙初花期+初果期喷施番茄的可滴定酸度最低，降低了0.16g／100g。说明番茄吸收钙营养较多时，可降低番茄的可滴定酸度。
喷施浓度对番茄还原糖含量和可滴定酸度含量的关系有一定的影响，随着喷施浓度的提高，还原糖含量呈增加的趋势，而可滴定酸度呈下降的趋势。喷施时期对番茄还原糖含量与可滴定酸度含量的关系也有一定的影响，在盛果期喷施时番茄还原糖含量最低，可滴定酸度含量最高，而在初花期+初果期喷施时番茄还原糖含量最高，可滴定酸度含量最低。
In order to study the effect on yield and quality to tomato on sprayingalcium chloride solution, based on its different periods and different typesof consistency, the experiment adopts the method of two factors, which areA_1: CaCl_2 0.2 %, A_2 CaCl_2 0.5 %, A_3 CaCl_2 1% and B_1: spraying in its incipientblossom period, B_2: spraying in its incipient fruiting period, B_3: sprayingin its flourishing blossom period, B_4: spraying in its incipient blossom periodand incipient fruiting period, B_5: spraying in its incipient fruiting periodand flourishing fruiting period, doing the experiment spraying CaCl_2 solutionon tomato's leaves, based on_N, P,_K fertilizer. The experiment is divided into15 types of Treatment combination, A_1B_1、A_1B_2、A_1B_3、A_1B_4、A_1B_5、A_2B_1、A_2B_2、A_2B_3、A_2B_4、A_2B_5:、A_3B_1、A_3B_2、A_3B_3、A_3B_4、A_3B_5. By the following data analysis, the singlefruited weight, the yield of single plant, the yield of small area, the diseaserate of blossom-end rot, the hardness, the content of reducing sugar, titrableacidity, and the content of vitamin C, the result shows the followingconclusions.
It promotes tomato yield to spray CaCl_2 solution, based on its differentperiods and different kinds of consistency. It is significant to increaseyield of tomato to spray CaCl_2 1% solution in its incipient blossom periodand incipient fruiting period, increasing the single fruited weight, thesingle plant yield and the yield of small area, increased by 10.4 % about singlefruited weight, by 54.5% to single plant yield, by 1.5 per plant about thenumber of fruit, by 19.0% to the yield of small area.
It can prevent tomato from the rate of blossom-end rot of tomato better,based on its different periods and different types consistency. It can affectsignificantly on the rate of blossom-end to spray, based on its differentperiods, the disease rate being the highest in its flourishing blossom period,by 14.21%, the disease rate being the lowest in its incipient blossom periodand incipient fruiting period, by 14.21%. Among different types of operations,the highest rate of disease is in its flourishing fruiting period to spayalcium Chloride Solution of different kinds of consistency, by 14.21% on theaverage. The lower rate of disease is in the other period, by 1.84% on theaverage. The result tells us that the consistency of alcium chloride solutiontakes a less effect on blossom-end rot, and the spaying period is the key toprevent tomato from the disease.
It promotes tomato's hardness to spray CaCl_2 solution, based on itsdifferent period. Its hardness is increased by 0.16kg/cm~2 to spray CaCl_2 1%in its incipient blossom period and incipient fruiting period, compared withflourishing fruiting period.
It promotes tomato's quality to spray CaCl_2 solution, based on itsdifferent periods and different types of consistency. There are certainrelations to reducing sugar and Vitamin C content to spay different kinds ofCaCl_2 consistency, "reducing sugar and Vitamin C being increased with the increasing of consistency. Its reducing sugar content is increased by 0.33% to spay CaCl_2 1%, compared with 0.2%, and Vitamin C content is increased by5.6%. It can affect significantly on the reducing sugar content and vitamincontent to spray CaCl_2, based on its different period, being significant inits incipient blossom period and incipient fruiting period, increased by 0.28,0.29, 0.43, 0.67g/100g, and vitamin C is 7.4%, 7.8%, 12.6%, 13.3%, comparedwith the other periods. It is the best to spray CaCl_2 1% in its incipient blossomperiod and incipient fruiting period, Vitamin C and reducing sugar contentbeing increased. Compared with other grouping, reducing sugar content isincreased by 0.96g/100g, and the Vitamin C is increased by 23.9% at the most.
It is a falling trend of tomato's titrable acidity with the increasingof spraying consistency. T itrable acidity is lowered by 0.03% to spray CaCl_21%, compared with CaCl_2 0.03g/100g. Spraying period takes a less effect ontomato's titrable acidity. Among the operations, tomato's titrable acidityis the highest to spray CACl_20.2% in its flourishing fruiting period, andtomato's titrable acidity is the lowest to spray CaCl_2 1% in incipient blossomperiod and incipient fruiting period, lowered by 0.16g/100g. This tells usthat it can lower tomato's titrable acidity when tomato aborbs the more Canutrition.
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能增加番茄产量。1％氯化钙在番茄初花期+初果期喷施增产效果明显，可增加番茄单果重、单株产量、单株结果数和小区产量。单果重增加10.4％、单株产量增加54.5％、单株结果数增加1.5个／株、小区产量增加19.0％。
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能较好地防治番茄脐腐病。喷施时期对番茄脐腐病发病率影响较大，盛果期喷施发病率最高，为14.21％，初花期+初果期喷施，脐腐病发病率只有0.14％。在处理组合中，不同浓度氯化钙均在盛果期喷施时，发病率均很高，平均发病率达14.21％，而在其他时期喷施发病率均很低，平均为1.84％。说明氯化钙喷施浓度对番茄脐腐病发病率影响较小，喷施时期是防治番茄脐腐病的关键。
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能提高番茄硬度。1％氯化钙初花期+初果期喷施比0.2％氯化钙盛果期喷施，番茄硬度增加了0.16kg／cm~2。
氯化钙不同时期不同浓度喷施能提高番茄的质量。番茄还原糖和Vc含量与氯化钙喷施浓度有一定的关系，随浓度的增加还原糖和Vc含量有所增加。1％氯化钙喷施较0.2％氯化钙喷施还原糖增加了0.33g／100g，Vc含量增加了5.6％；喷施时期对番茄还原糖含量和Vc含量效果显著，初花期+初果期喷施效果明显，与其他时期喷施相比较，番茄还原糖含量分别增加了0.28、0.29、0.43、0.67g／100g，番茄Vc含量分别增加7.4％、7.8％、12.6％、13.3％。最佳组合为1％氯化钙初花期+初果期喷施，可明显增加番茄还原糖与Vc含量，与其他组合相比较，番茄还原糖含量增加最多的为0.96g／100g，Vc含量增加最多的为23.9％。
番茄可滴定酸度随喷施浓度的增加呈降低趋势。1％氯化钙喷施较0.2％氯化钙喷施番茄可滴定酸度降低了0.03g／100g。喷施时期对番茄可滴定酸的影响较小。组合间0.2％氯化钙盛果期喷施番茄的可滴定酸度最高，1％氯化钙初花期+初果期喷施番茄的可滴定酸度最低，降低了0.16g／100g。说明番茄吸收钙营养较多时，可降低番茄的可滴定酸度。
喷施浓度对番茄还原糖含量和可滴定酸度含量的关系有一定的影响，随着喷施浓度的提高，还原糖含量呈增加的趋势，而可滴定酸度呈下降的趋势。喷施时期对番茄还原糖含量与可滴定酸度含量的关系也有一定的影响，在盛果期喷施时番茄还原糖含量最低，可滴定酸度含量最高，而在初花期+初果期喷施时番茄还原糖含量最高，可滴定酸度含量最低。
In order to study the effect on yield and quality to tomato on sprayingalcium chloride solution, based on its different periods and different typesof consistency, the experiment adopts the method of two factors, which areA_1: CaCl_2 0.2 %, A_2 CaCl_2 0.5 %, A_3 CaCl_2 1% and B_1: spraying in its incipientblossom period, B_2: spraying in its incipient fruiting period, B_3: sprayingin its flourishing blossom period, B_4: spraying in its incipient blossom periodand incipient fruiting period, B_5: spraying in its incipient fruiting periodand flourishing fruiting period, doing the experiment spraying CaCl_2 solutionon tomato's leaves, based on_N, P,_K fertilizer. The experiment is divided into15 types of Treatment combination, A_1B_1、A_1B_2、A_1B_3、A_1B_4、A_1B_5、A_2B_1、A_2B_2、A_2B_3、A_2B_4、A_2B_5:、A_3B_1、A_3B_2、A_3B_3、A_3B_4、A_3B_5. By the following data analysis, the singlefruited weight, the yield of single plant, the yield of small area, the diseaserate of blossom-end rot, the hardness, the content of reducing sugar, titrableacidity, and the content of vitamin C, the result shows the followingconclusions.
It promotes tomato yield to spray CaCl_2 solution, based on its differentperiods and different kinds of consistency. It is significant to increaseyield of tomato to spray CaCl_2 1% solution in its incipient blossom periodand incipient fruiting period, increasing the single fruited weight, thesingle plant yield and the yield of small area, increased by 10.4 % about singlefruited weight, by 54.5% to single plant yield, by 1.5 per plant about thenumber of fruit, by 19.0% to the yield of small area.
It can prevent tomato from the rate of blossom-end rot of tomato better,based on its different periods and different types consistency. It can affectsignificantly on the rate of blossom-end to spray, based on its differentperiods, the disease rate being the highest in its flourishing blossom period,by 14.21%, the disease rate being the lowest in its incipient blossom periodand incipient fruiting period, by 14.21%. Among different types of operations,the highest rate of disease is in its flourishing fruiting period to spayalcium Chloride Solution of different kinds of consistency, by 14.21% on theaverage. The lower rate of disease is in the other period, by 1.84% on theaverage. The result tells us that the consistency of alcium chloride solutiontakes a less effect on blossom-end rot, and the spaying period is the key toprevent tomato from the disease.
It promotes tomato's hardness to spray CaCl_2 solution, based on itsdifferent period. Its hardness is increased by 0.16kg/cm~2 to spray CaCl_2 1%in its incipient blossom period and incipient fruiting period, compared withflourishing fruiting period.
It promotes tomato's quality to spray CaCl_2 solution, based on itsdifferent periods and different types of consistency. There are certainrelations to reducing sugar and Vitamin C content to spay different kinds ofCaCl_2 consistency, "reducing sugar and Vitamin C being increased with the increasing of consistency. Its reducing sugar content is increased by 0.33% to spay CaCl_2 1%, compared with 0.2%, and Vitamin C content is increased by5.6%. It can affect significantly on the reducing sugar content and vitamincontent to spray CaCl_2, based on its different period, being significant inits incipient blossom period and incipient fruiting period, increased by 0.28,0.29, 0.43, 0.67g/100g, and vitamin C is 7.4%, 7.8%, 12.6%, 13.3%, comparedwith the other periods. It is the best to spray CaCl_2 1% in its incipient blossomperiod and incipient fruiting period, Vitamin C and reducing sugar contentbeing increased. Compared with other grouping, reducing sugar content isincreased by 0.96g/100g, and the Vitamin C is increased by 23.9% at the most.
It is a falling trend of tomato's titrable acidity with the increasingof spraying consistency. T itrable acidity is lowered by 0.03% to spray CaCl_21%, compared with CaCl_2 0.03g/100g. Spraying period takes a less effect ontomato's titrable acidity. Among the operations, tomato's titrable acidityis the highest to spray CACl_20.2% in its flourishing fruiting period, andtomato's titrable acidity is the lowest to spray CaCl_2 1% in incipient blossomperiod and incipient fruiting period, lowered by 0.16g/100g. This tells usthat it can lower tomato's titrable acidity when tomato aborbs the more Canutrition.
引文
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