OCT三维重建与多普勒成像研究
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摘要
光学相干层析成像(Optical Coherence Tomography，OCT)技术是一种具有微米量级高分辨率的非侵入性生物医学成像手段，无需进行生理切片就能够获得活体样品内部的三维结构等信息。对OCT所得到的三维信息作可视化处理，可以有效地帮助研究人员更好的理解所拥有的数据。目前OCT三维重建的有着多种方法，可以通过不同的表现方式来展现样品内部信息，包括：多平面重组法、投影法、面绘制、体绘制等。
OCT三维重建的数据来源于从数字信号重组得到的图像。OCT不仅可以获得样品结构图像，还可以通过多普勒图像重建来得到样品内部的血液流速等重要信息。为了获取高质量的图像数据，需要对信号进行预处理，并选择合适的图像重建算法。比如，多普勒图像重建的算法就需要根据不同实验环境的要求来选择使用短时傅里叶变换法或者希尔伯特变换法。
本课题主要研究了三维重建的各种方法，利用已有的光纤型OCT系统，使用Visual C++编写三维扫描软件获取三维重建所需要的数据，并使用MATLAB实现结构图像的三维重建，同时研究了不同算法对多普勒图像重建的影响，并在小白鼠活体实验中予以验证。
本文正文部分共分为五章。第一章简述了OCT的相关原理，阐述了三维重建的研究现状与意义，概述了课题中软件开发工具的选择。第二章介绍了OCT的三维信号的获取，以及模拟信号处理和数字信号处理的相关内容。第三章阐述了三维重建的各种方法，以及三维重建前对OCT图像预处理的方法，并对三维扫描实验中所得到的数据进行三维重建和动画渲染。第四章介绍了多普勒图像重建的两种算法，通过实验比较了两种算法的适用环境。第五章对课题作出总结，并提出了今后需要努力的方向。
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive biomedical imaging method with micron scales resolution which could provide three-dimensional structural information of tissue in vivo without the need for excision or preparing sections. Visualization of the three-dimensional OCT information can effectively help researchers have a better understanding of the data. There are many methods of OCT three-dimensional reconstruction, providing different means of expression to show the internal information in samples, including: multi-planar reconstruction, projection, surface rendering, volume rendering, etc.
The images reconstructed from OCT signals form the sources of the three-dimensional reconstruction. The images include no only the structural images of sample, but also the Doppler images with important information such as internal blood flow. In order to providing a high quality image data, it is necessary to do signal preconditioning and choose a suitable image reconstruction algorithm. For example, the Doppler reconstruction needs to choose the short time Fourier transformation or the Hilbert transformation, depending on the different requirement in the experiment.
The various methods of three-dimensional reconstruction are introduced in this thesis. Software is designed using Visual C++, to provide three-dimensional scanning and get the data necessary for three-dimensional reconstruction. The three-dimensional structural reconstruction is demonstrated using MATLAB. And some algorithms of Doppler reconstruction are realized to evaluate the different effect in Doppler images. An experiment on mouse is demonstrated to test the algorithms.
Five chapters are included in this thesis. In the first chapter, the principle of OCT and the current situation of three-dimensional reconstruction is introduced. It is presented the choosing of software development tools used in the project. In the second chapter, the three-dimensional signal acquisition in OCT is described. The
signal processing in both analog and digital is introduced. In the third chapter, various methods of three-dimensional reconstruction as well as the preprocessing of OCT images are presented. The three-dimensional reconstruction and the related animation are demonstrated using the data from three-dimensional . scanning experiment. In the fourth chapter, two algorithms of Doppler reconstruction are introduced. An experiment is demonstrated to compare the difference in the two algorithms. Finally, a conclusion of our work and the direction of further improvements are presented in the fifth chapter.
OCT三维重建的数据来源于从数字信号重组得到的图像。OCT不仅可以获得样品结构图像，还可以通过多普勒图像重建来得到样品内部的血液流速等重要信息。为了获取高质量的图像数据，需要对信号进行预处理，并选择合适的图像重建算法。比如，多普勒图像重建的算法就需要根据不同实验环境的要求来选择使用短时傅里叶变换法或者希尔伯特变换法。
本课题主要研究了三维重建的各种方法，利用已有的光纤型OCT系统，使用Visual C++编写三维扫描软件获取三维重建所需要的数据，并使用MATLAB实现结构图像的三维重建，同时研究了不同算法对多普勒图像重建的影响，并在小白鼠活体实验中予以验证。
本文正文部分共分为五章。第一章简述了OCT的相关原理，阐述了三维重建的研究现状与意义，概述了课题中软件开发工具的选择。第二章介绍了OCT的三维信号的获取，以及模拟信号处理和数字信号处理的相关内容。第三章阐述了三维重建的各种方法，以及三维重建前对OCT图像预处理的方法，并对三维扫描实验中所得到的数据进行三维重建和动画渲染。第四章介绍了多普勒图像重建的两种算法，通过实验比较了两种算法的适用环境。第五章对课题作出总结，并提出了今后需要努力的方向。
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive biomedical imaging method with micron scales resolution which could provide three-dimensional structural information of tissue in vivo without the need for excision or preparing sections. Visualization of the three-dimensional OCT information can effectively help researchers have a better understanding of the data. There are many methods of OCT three-dimensional reconstruction, providing different means of expression to show the internal information in samples, including: multi-planar reconstruction, projection, surface rendering, volume rendering, etc.
The images reconstructed from OCT signals form the sources of the three-dimensional reconstruction. The images include no only the structural images of sample, but also the Doppler images with important information such as internal blood flow. In order to providing a high quality image data, it is necessary to do signal preconditioning and choose a suitable image reconstruction algorithm. For example, the Doppler reconstruction needs to choose the short time Fourier transformation or the Hilbert transformation, depending on the different requirement in the experiment.
The various methods of three-dimensional reconstruction are introduced in this thesis. Software is designed using Visual C++, to provide three-dimensional scanning and get the data necessary for three-dimensional reconstruction. The three-dimensional structural reconstruction is demonstrated using MATLAB. And some algorithms of Doppler reconstruction are realized to evaluate the different effect in Doppler images. An experiment on mouse is demonstrated to test the algorithms.
Five chapters are included in this thesis. In the first chapter, the principle of OCT and the current situation of three-dimensional reconstruction is introduced. It is presented the choosing of software development tools used in the project. In the second chapter, the three-dimensional signal acquisition in OCT is described. The
signal processing in both analog and digital is introduced. In the third chapter, various methods of three-dimensional reconstruction as well as the preprocessing of OCT images are presented. The three-dimensional reconstruction and the related animation are demonstrated using the data from three-dimensional . scanning experiment. In the fourth chapter, two algorithms of Doppler reconstruction are introduced. An experiment is demonstrated to compare the difference in the two algorithms. Finally, a conclusion of our work and the direction of further improvements are presented in the fifth chapter.
引文
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[2]. A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, et. al, Optical coherence tomography-principles and applications, Reports on progress in physics, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2003, 239-303.
[3]. Joseph M. Schmitt, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A Review, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 1999, 5(4), 1205-1215.
[4]. S. Guo, Y. Xie, G Peavy, et al, Three dimensional structural and local birefringence imaging of the bovine meniscus by use of OCT and PSOCT, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine X, Proc. of SPIE, 2006, Vol. 6079 60792D.
[5]. M. Chorea, T. Yelbuz, L. Thrane, Three-Dimensional OCT Imaging of the Embryonic Chick Heart, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine Ⅶ, Proc. of SPIE 2003, Vol. 4956, 259-262.
[6]．高蕾娜，何建英，医学断层图像三维重构的研究及应用，机械与电子，2005，3，77-79．
[7]. Y. Zhao, K. M. Brecke, H. Ren, et al, Three-dimensional reconstruction of in vivo blood vessels in human skin using phase-resolved optical Doppler tomography, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2001(6), 931-935.
[8]. W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, et al, Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography Employing a 2-Axis Microelectromechanical Scanning Mirror, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2005(11), 806-810.
[9]. Y. Yasuno, V. Madjarova, S. Makita, et al, Three-dimensional and high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography for in vivo investigation of human anterior eye segments, Optics Express, 2005, Vol. 13, Num 26, 10652-10664.
[10]. N. Hanna, D. Saltzman, D. Mukai, et al, Two-dimensional and 3-dimensional optical coherence tomographic imaging of the airway, lung, and pleura, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardivascular Surgery, 2005, 129, 615-623.
[11]. W. Jung, J. Zhang, L. Wang, et al, Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror, Applied Physics Letters 2006, 88, 163910.
[12]. C. Xi, D. Marks, S. Schlachter, et al, High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of biofilm development using optical coherence tomography, Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2006, Vol. 11(3), 034001.
[13]. A. Podoleanu, J. Rogers, D. Jackson, et al, Three dimensional OCT images from retina and skin, Optics Express, 2000, Vol. 7, Num 9, 292-298.
[14]. M. Laubscher, M. Ducros, B. Karamata, et al, Video-rate three-dimensional optical coherence tomography, Optics Express, 2002, Vol. 10, Num 9, 429-435.
[15]. C. Hitzenberger, R Trost, P. Lo, et al, Three-dimensional imaging of the human retina by high-speed optical coherence tomography, Optics Express, 2003, Vol. 11, Num 21, 2753-2761.
[16]. Z. H. Ding, Y. H. Zhao, H. W. Ren, et al, Real-Time Phase-Resolved Optical coherence tomography and optical doppler tomography, Optics Express, 2002, Vol. 10, Num. 5, 236-245.
[17]. X. F. Yu, Z. H. Ding, Y. H. Chen, et al, Instrumentation of fiber-based functional optical coherence tomographic imaging system, Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics: Diagnostics and Treatment Ⅱ, Proc. of SPIE, 2005, Vol. 5630, 273-277.
[18]. H. W. Ren, Z. H. Ding, Y. H. Zhao, et al, Phase-Resolved functional optical coherence tomography: Simultaneous imaging of in situ tissue structure, blood Flow Velocity, standard Deviation, birefringence, and Stokes vectors in human skin, Optics Letters., 2002, Vol. 27, Num. 19, 1702-1704.
[19]. Andrew M. Rollins, Manish D. Kulkami, Siavash Yazdanfar, et al. In vivo video rate optical coherence tomography, Optics Letters., 1998, 3 (6), 219-229.
[20]. Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, C. Saxer, et al. Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity, Optics Letters. 2000, 25, 114-116.
[21]．张季，王宜杰，医学图像三维重建方法的比较研究，医学信息，2006，19(5)，948-950．
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