双升式钻机井架及其底座动态特性研究
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摘要
近年来,K形井架的优势被越来越多的用户所认识,自升式底座也正逐渐取代其它类型的底座,如层箱式、箱块式底座等。本文研究的双升式钻机井架及其底座就是由K形井架及自升式底座组成,它的突出特点是井架支于底座之上,在初始位置,井架及底座折叠在一起,能实现钻井设备的低位安装,整体起升,并具有安装、运输方便,投入使用快捷的优点。本课题在现有研究基础上,与工程实际紧密结合,通过对双升式井架及底座整体的静、动态特性研究,寻找薄弱环节和安全隐患,以期为现场钻井作业提供理论规范,避免现场钻井事故的发生,进一步丰富、完善和发展井架及底座结构分析理论。
按照双升式钻机井架及其底座的实际结构特点,建立有限元模型,运用ANSYS有限元软件按三种工况对其进行静态分析,得出在给定载荷作用时的应力和位移。模态分析作为结构动力特性研究的一种近代方法,逐渐成为现代工程领域动态分析与设计的核心,它所决定的结构固有频率和振型,正是结构承受动态载荷结构设计中的重要参数,故而成为其他诸如瞬态分析等动力学分析的起点。本文利用有限元方法完成了钻机井架及其底座的模态分析,获得前十阶固有频率和振型,观察计算位移与等效应力,得到井架及其底座的振动特性。
本文重点实现了钻机井架及其底座瞬态动力学分析。通过到现场进行数据采集,获得了大钩的载荷值,以大钩载荷为统计变量,建立对数正态分布模型,以离散的统计特征值来代替连续的实际载荷历程,编制得到动态研究所用的试验用程序载荷谱。完成了井架及其底座在正常工作状态下的瞬态动力学分析,寻找到各个方向的时间响应变化规律。
Current years, the advantages of K-derrick are accepted by more and more users, self elevating substructure is also replacing others, such as box on box , raised floor substructure and so on. The derrick and substructure in the thesis are made up of K-derrick and self elevating substructure. Its prominent characteristic is that the derrick is placed on the substructure. It can install at low place and elevate all together because derrick and substructure can be puckered at primary place. In addition, it has the merits of convenient installation, transportation and quick use. The thesis is considered project practice full at the base of existing study and studys static and dynamic characteristics of double elevating drilling rig derrick and substructure. The aim of the thesis are to search weak places and hidden troubles, to supply academic criterions for drilling well tasks, to avoid accident happening and to develop analysis theory of derrick and substructure.
Finite element model is built according to the actual structure of double elevating derrick and substructure and is carried on static analysis according to three kind of work situations using the finite element software ANSYS to obtain the stresses and displacements. Modal analysis is one of new ways on dynamic characteristic researchs, and now becomes the core of dynamic analysis and design in modern engineering. Natural frequencies and modes of vibration of structure resulted from modal analysis are the important parameters on dynamic design of structure. So it is the start of all dynamic analysises as transient analysis. This thesis completes the mode analysis of rig derrick and substructure by the finite element software, getting the free frequencies of preceding 10 steps and vibration modes. Observing displacements and stresses, we get their vibrational characteristics.
The thesis mainly completes the transient analysis and dynamic response calculation. It obtains the datas of drilling well places for many times in order to get the value of hook loads and establishes the modal of logarithmic normal distribution at hook loads as statiscic variables. The thesis establishes the load spectrum in programme of dynamic study. It completes transient analysis at normal work state and gets the rules of time responses in different orientation.
按照双升式钻机井架及其底座的实际结构特点,建立有限元模型,运用ANSYS有限元软件按三种工况对其进行静态分析,得出在给定载荷作用时的应力和位移。模态分析作为结构动力特性研究的一种近代方法,逐渐成为现代工程领域动态分析与设计的核心,它所决定的结构固有频率和振型,正是结构承受动态载荷结构设计中的重要参数,故而成为其他诸如瞬态分析等动力学分析的起点。本文利用有限元方法完成了钻机井架及其底座的模态分析,获得前十阶固有频率和振型,观察计算位移与等效应力,得到井架及其底座的振动特性。
本文重点实现了钻机井架及其底座瞬态动力学分析。通过到现场进行数据采集,获得了大钩的载荷值,以大钩载荷为统计变量,建立对数正态分布模型,以离散的统计特征值来代替连续的实际载荷历程,编制得到动态研究所用的试验用程序载荷谱。完成了井架及其底座在正常工作状态下的瞬态动力学分析,寻找到各个方向的时间响应变化规律。
Current years, the advantages of K-derrick are accepted by more and more users, self elevating substructure is also replacing others, such as box on box , raised floor substructure and so on. The derrick and substructure in the thesis are made up of K-derrick and self elevating substructure. Its prominent characteristic is that the derrick is placed on the substructure. It can install at low place and elevate all together because derrick and substructure can be puckered at primary place. In addition, it has the merits of convenient installation, transportation and quick use. The thesis is considered project practice full at the base of existing study and studys static and dynamic characteristics of double elevating drilling rig derrick and substructure. The aim of the thesis are to search weak places and hidden troubles, to supply academic criterions for drilling well tasks, to avoid accident happening and to develop analysis theory of derrick and substructure.
Finite element model is built according to the actual structure of double elevating derrick and substructure and is carried on static analysis according to three kind of work situations using the finite element software ANSYS to obtain the stresses and displacements. Modal analysis is one of new ways on dynamic characteristic researchs, and now becomes the core of dynamic analysis and design in modern engineering. Natural frequencies and modes of vibration of structure resulted from modal analysis are the important parameters on dynamic design of structure. So it is the start of all dynamic analysises as transient analysis. This thesis completes the mode analysis of rig derrick and substructure by the finite element software, getting the free frequencies of preceding 10 steps and vibration modes. Observing displacements and stresses, we get their vibrational characteristics.
The thesis mainly completes the transient analysis and dynamic response calculation. It obtains the datas of drilling well places for many times in order to get the value of hook loads and establishes the modal of logarithmic normal distribution at hook loads as statiscic variables. The thesis establishes the load spectrum in programme of dynamic study. It completes transient analysis at normal work state and gets the rules of time responses in different orientation.
引文
[1] 候广平等.石油钻机井架的现状与发展趋势[J].石油机械,1996,3(1):51~54
[2] 常玉连,刘玉泉.钻井井架、底座的设计计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.157~210
[3] 候依甫.钻井和修井井架、底座设计指南[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.110~112
[4] 邓 东.井下作业提升系统受力分析与安全评定[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2002.
[5] 高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的静强度与疲劳分析[J].石油矿场机械,2001,30(4): 9～11
[6] 裴峻峰,田佳禾.石油井架构件截面可靠性设计模式[J].石油大学学报,1996,20(4):56~60
[7] 展恩强,陈荣振.前开口井架振动分析与结构动态再设计[J].石油矿场机械,1996,25(1):30~33
[8] 郭奕珊,周国强.探讨钻机井架动力失稳问题[J].石油矿场机械,1995,24(5):21～24
[9] 姜 成.结构瞬态动力响应及其灵敏度分析的精细积分法[D].大连:大连理工大学,2000
[10] 刘 涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.88~100
[11] 董 超.螺栓球节点网架设置悬挂吊车疲劳载荷谱的编制[D].山西:太原理工大学,2002.
[12] 苏清祖,王锦雯.轮式拖拉机前桥载荷谱测取方法的初步研究[J].农业机械学报.,1982,6(6):11~14
[13] 樊晓燕,吴兹攀.机械零部件疲劳载荷谱编制[J].机电工程,1994,5(7):14~17
[14] 张保法,傅祥炯.战斗机疲劳载荷标准谱试验研究报告[R].航空工业总公司《ASST》系统工程办公室,ASST-0401-94-03,1995.
[15] 张保法,傅祥炯.运输机随机载荷谱的简化和浓缩[J].航空学报,1994,15(1):21~24
[16] 冯锡曙,郑松林,李国英.拖拉机疲劳载荷谱规范化的研究[J].机械强度,1990,6(3):15~18
[17] 苏禾,虞和济,寇惠.铝合金自行车的随机载荷谱[J].机械强度,1983,2(1):11~14
[18] H.Neuber.Theory of Concentration for Shear Strained Pristmatical Bodies with Arbitrary Nonlinear Stress-Stain[J].Law.Lof App.Mech.,Trans.ASME,1961,4(28):11~14.
[19] RM.Wetzel.Smooth Specimen Sumulation of Fatigue Behavior of Notches[J].J.of Materials,JMLSA,1968,3(3):23~25.
[20] T.H.Topper,R.M.Wetzel,JoDean Morrow.Neuber Rule Applied to Fatigue of Notched Specimen[J].J.of Materials,1969,7(2):37~39.
[21] Bunday B.D.Direct Optimization for Calculating Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Parameter of the Weibull Distribution[J].IEEE Trans Reliability,1981,30(4):367~369
[22] .Hobbs JR.Minimum-Distance Estimation of the Parameters of the 3-Parameter Weibull Distribution[J].IEEE Trans Reliability,1985,9(5):495~496
[23] Sakai T.Tanaka T.Parameter Estimation of Weibull-Type Fatigue 84,V.2[J].Conference Proceedings,1984,5(10):1125~1137
[24] 高镇同.疲劳应用统计学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1986.101~113
[25] 朱立平,华国柱.双参数计数法的随机载荷谱分析[J].农业机械学报,1984,6(5):24~26
[26] 凌静,高镇同.母体参数估计x2最小值法[J].航空学报,1991,2(8):45~48
[27] 黄建生.复杂载荷下缺口件疲劳寿命估算的研究[D].沈阳:东北工学院硕士论文,1985.
[28] 沈先钊.用微型计算机编制机械零部件多工况疲劳载荷谱[J].机械强度,1985,7(3):18~21
[29] 顾明,陈健元.非对称循环载荷二维载荷潜编制的分析及计算程序[J].机械强度,1987,9(1):1~6
[30] 董超.螺栓球节点网架设置悬挂吊车疲劳载荷谱的编制[D].山西:太原理工大学,2002.
[31] 费斌军,熊峻江,高镇同.疲劳/断裂加速实验载荷谱的编制及其实验研究[J].实验力学,1995,2(4):31~34
[32] 凌静,高镇同.多工况机械结构疲劳载荷的统计处理[J].机械强度,1992,6(1):22~25
[33] 刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.8~12
[34] 凌静,高镇同.疲劳载荷数据的计算机统计处理[J].机械强度,1991,3(4):29~31
[35] 孙志礼,陈良玉.实用机械可靠性设计理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.41~48
[36] 苏义脑,季细星.起下钻时的钻柱和液柱系统纵向振动过程分析[J].力学与实践,1994,16(5):29～33
[37] 周国强,郭奕珊.动力法取代静力法进行井架结构试验探讨[J].石油矿场机械,1999,28(1):22~24
[38] 习少峰.滚筒式旋转递纸机构的研究与设计[D].西安:西安理工大学,2000.
[39] 刘清友,马德坤,汤小文.钻柱纵向振动模型的建立及求解方法[J].西南石油学院学报,1998,20(4):55～57
[40] 齐明侠,裴俊峰,陈国明.修井机起升动载系数的测试与确定[J].石油矿场机械,1998,27(2):41～44
[41] http://site.ntvc.edu.cn/jf/map_dh/laplace_jj.htm(积分变换网络课堂)
[42] Marshall DeLuca.A steel sox girder tower offering lower profile and easier access than traditional Derricks[J].Offshore Engineer,2001.
[43] http://www.china-machine.com/adv_technology/design_tec/design_item53_31.htm
[44] ANSYS. Inc, ANSYS Elements Reference [N]. Eleventh Edition, SAS, IP Inc, 2001.
[2] 常玉连,刘玉泉.钻井井架、底座的设计计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.157~210
[3] 候依甫.钻井和修井井架、底座设计指南[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.110~112
[4] 邓 东.井下作业提升系统受力分析与安全评定[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2002.
[5] 高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的静强度与疲劳分析[J].石油矿场机械,2001,30(4): 9～11
[6] 裴峻峰,田佳禾.石油井架构件截面可靠性设计模式[J].石油大学学报,1996,20(4):56~60
[7] 展恩强,陈荣振.前开口井架振动分析与结构动态再设计[J].石油矿场机械,1996,25(1):30~33
[8] 郭奕珊,周国强.探讨钻机井架动力失稳问题[J].石油矿场机械,1995,24(5):21～24
[9] 姜 成.结构瞬态动力响应及其灵敏度分析的精细积分法[D].大连:大连理工大学,2000
[10] 刘 涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.88~100
[11] 董 超.螺栓球节点网架设置悬挂吊车疲劳载荷谱的编制[D].山西:太原理工大学,2002.
[12] 苏清祖,王锦雯.轮式拖拉机前桥载荷谱测取方法的初步研究[J].农业机械学报.,1982,6(6):11~14
[13] 樊晓燕,吴兹攀.机械零部件疲劳载荷谱编制[J].机电工程,1994,5(7):14~17
[14] 张保法,傅祥炯.战斗机疲劳载荷标准谱试验研究报告[R].航空工业总公司《ASST》系统工程办公室,ASST-0401-94-03,1995.
[15] 张保法,傅祥炯.运输机随机载荷谱的简化和浓缩[J].航空学报,1994,15(1):21~24
[16] 冯锡曙,郑松林,李国英.拖拉机疲劳载荷谱规范化的研究[J].机械强度,1990,6(3):15~18
[17] 苏禾,虞和济,寇惠.铝合金自行车的随机载荷谱[J].机械强度,1983,2(1):11~14
[18] H.Neuber.Theory of Concentration for Shear Strained Pristmatical Bodies with Arbitrary Nonlinear Stress-Stain[J].Law.Lof App.Mech.,Trans.ASME,1961,4(28):11~14.
[19] RM.Wetzel.Smooth Specimen Sumulation of Fatigue Behavior of Notches[J].J.of Materials,JMLSA,1968,3(3):23~25.
[20] T.H.Topper,R.M.Wetzel,JoDean Morrow.Neuber Rule Applied to Fatigue of Notched Specimen[J].J.of Materials,1969,7(2):37~39.
[21] Bunday B.D.Direct Optimization for Calculating Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Parameter of the Weibull Distribution[J].IEEE Trans Reliability,1981,30(4):367~369
[22] .Hobbs JR.Minimum-Distance Estimation of the Parameters of the 3-Parameter Weibull Distribution[J].IEEE Trans Reliability,1985,9(5):495~496
[23] Sakai T.Tanaka T.Parameter Estimation of Weibull-Type Fatigue 84,V.2[J].Conference Proceedings,1984,5(10):1125~1137
[24] 高镇同.疲劳应用统计学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1986.101~113
[25] 朱立平,华国柱.双参数计数法的随机载荷谱分析[J].农业机械学报,1984,6(5):24~26
[26] 凌静,高镇同.母体参数估计x2最小值法[J].航空学报,1991,2(8):45~48
[27] 黄建生.复杂载荷下缺口件疲劳寿命估算的研究[D].沈阳:东北工学院硕士论文,1985.
[28] 沈先钊.用微型计算机编制机械零部件多工况疲劳载荷谱[J].机械强度,1985,7(3):18~21
[29] 顾明,陈健元.非对称循环载荷二维载荷潜编制的分析及计算程序[J].机械强度,1987,9(1):1~6
[30] 董超.螺栓球节点网架设置悬挂吊车疲劳载荷谱的编制[D].山西:太原理工大学,2002.
[31] 费斌军,熊峻江,高镇同.疲劳/断裂加速实验载荷谱的编制及其实验研究[J].实验力学,1995,2(4):31~34
[32] 凌静,高镇同.多工况机械结构疲劳载荷的统计处理[J].机械强度,1992,6(1):22~25
[33] 刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.8~12
[34] 凌静,高镇同.疲劳载荷数据的计算机统计处理[J].机械强度,1991,3(4):29~31
[35] 孙志礼,陈良玉.实用机械可靠性设计理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.41~48
[36] 苏义脑,季细星.起下钻时的钻柱和液柱系统纵向振动过程分析[J].力学与实践,1994,16(5):29～33
[37] 周国强,郭奕珊.动力法取代静力法进行井架结构试验探讨[J].石油矿场机械,1999,28(1):22~24
[38] 习少峰.滚筒式旋转递纸机构的研究与设计[D].西安:西安理工大学,2000.
[39] 刘清友,马德坤,汤小文.钻柱纵向振动模型的建立及求解方法[J].西南石油学院学报,1998,20(4):55～57
[40] 齐明侠,裴俊峰,陈国明.修井机起升动载系数的测试与确定[J].石油矿场机械,1998,27(2):41～44
[41] http://site.ntvc.edu.cn/jf/map_dh/laplace_jj.htm(积分变换网络课堂)
[42] Marshall DeLuca.A steel sox girder tower offering lower profile and easier access than traditional Derricks[J].Offshore Engineer,2001.
[43] http://www.china-machine.com/adv_technology/design_tec/design_item53_31.htm
[44] ANSYS. Inc, ANSYS Elements Reference [N]. Eleventh Edition, SAS, IP Inc, 2001.
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