保险费率监管法律制度研究
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摘要
保险费率监管是保险监管的重要内容。我国保险业监管经过了几十年摸索和发展过程,在实践中逐步确立并形成了对保险、保险公司和保险业监管的正确认识和理念,保险业也经历了从政府附属机构发展为市场经济主体的过程。研究保险费率监管首先要回答的问题是为什么要对保险费率进行监管。公众利益理论等构成了保险费率监管的理论基础。从国内外保险费率监管的实践来看,保险费率监管的初衷在于防止恶性费率竞争这一市场失灵现象,维护保险经营的安全性。因而,保险费率监管的公众利益理论与保险费率监管的实践是相吻合的。但是,随着世界经济一体化,金融全球化、自由化趋势的增强;我国加入WTO,按国际保险惯例运作,与国际接轨的要求;银行利率市场化迈出坚实的步伐,保险费率厘定的银行利率基准丧失;我国市场经济体制改革成果显著,各要素市场都已实现了市场化等构成了我国改革完善保险费率监管的外部环境。美国、英国、德国和日本等国改革保险费率监管法律制度的经验与教训为我国改革保险费率监管法律制度提供了有益的借鉴。借鉴国外有关经验,加强我国改革保险费率监管后相应法律制度的建设,同时注意防范其他国家已经历的相关风险,有利于我国保险费率监管法律制度改革的顺利实施。
本文主要由四大部分构成。首先从保险费率监管法律制度的一般分析入手,分析了保险费率监管的概念及其理论基础,并对保险费率监管理论进行了评述;然后分析研究了保险费率监管法律制度具有代表性的发达国家,美国、英国、德国和日本保险费率监管改革实践与立法,考察国外保险费率监管实践及其立法,国外保险费率监管的经验和教训给了我国保险费率监管法律制度的改革和完善提供了宝贵经验。在考察和比较西方主要发达国家保险费率监管法律制度的基础上,结合我国保险费率监管法律模式的演进历程,剖析了我国保险费率监管法律制度现状及其存在的一系列问题。最后从我国保险费率监管的立法理念和法律制度两个方面提出了完善我国保险费率监管法律制度的建议。
Insurance rate supervision is an important part in insurance supervision. On premium rate regulation, the first question we should face with is why the premium rate regulation should be regulated. The Public Interest Theory constitutes the theoretical foundation of premium rate regulation. From the practice of insurance rate regulation at home and abroad, the mind of Premium rate regulation is to prevent vicious competition which is a Phenomenon of market failure, to safeguard the security of the insurance business. Thus, the public interest theory on Premium rate regulation matches with the practice of insurance rate regulation. However, as world economic integration, financial globalization, liberalization trend in the increase; China access to the WTO, and operate according to the international insurance practice to meet the requirements of international standard; the marketization of interest rates made a solid pace, the bank interest rates benchmark settled by the premium rate loosed; China's market economic system reform made remarkable achievements, each important market have been marketed which constitute the external environment for perfect Chinese supervision of premium rate. The United States, Britain, Germany and Japan provide experiences and lessons of Premium rate regulation legal system reform for China's reform in the legal system of premium rate regulation. By drawing on the useful experience of foreign countries, our country should strengthen the corresponding legal system building to meet China's premium rate supervision reform, and pay attention to preventing the associated risks that other countries have experienced. It makes for the smooth implementation of china's premium rate supervision legal system reform.
This paper consists of four parts. I will start with the General analysis of premium rate regulation legal system, then turn to research the practices and legislation of the premium rate supervision reform which is from the developed countries, United States, Britain, Germany and Japan, who is representative in premium rate supervision legal system, and then on the basis of the inspection and analysis of the foreign premium rate supervision system, combining with China's evolution in the legal model of the premium rate supervision, I will analyze and review China's status and legislation of the premium rate supervision, then discuss how to reform and improve on our country's premium rate supervision legal system.
本文主要由四大部分构成。首先从保险费率监管法律制度的一般分析入手,分析了保险费率监管的概念及其理论基础,并对保险费率监管理论进行了评述;然后分析研究了保险费率监管法律制度具有代表性的发达国家,美国、英国、德国和日本保险费率监管改革实践与立法,考察国外保险费率监管实践及其立法,国外保险费率监管的经验和教训给了我国保险费率监管法律制度的改革和完善提供了宝贵经验。在考察和比较西方主要发达国家保险费率监管法律制度的基础上,结合我国保险费率监管法律模式的演进历程,剖析了我国保险费率监管法律制度现状及其存在的一系列问题。最后从我国保险费率监管的立法理念和法律制度两个方面提出了完善我国保险费率监管法律制度的建议。
Insurance rate supervision is an important part in insurance supervision. On premium rate regulation, the first question we should face with is why the premium rate regulation should be regulated. The Public Interest Theory constitutes the theoretical foundation of premium rate regulation. From the practice of insurance rate regulation at home and abroad, the mind of Premium rate regulation is to prevent vicious competition which is a Phenomenon of market failure, to safeguard the security of the insurance business. Thus, the public interest theory on Premium rate regulation matches with the practice of insurance rate regulation. However, as world economic integration, financial globalization, liberalization trend in the increase; China access to the WTO, and operate according to the international insurance practice to meet the requirements of international standard; the marketization of interest rates made a solid pace, the bank interest rates benchmark settled by the premium rate loosed; China's market economic system reform made remarkable achievements, each important market have been marketed which constitute the external environment for perfect Chinese supervision of premium rate. The United States, Britain, Germany and Japan provide experiences and lessons of Premium rate regulation legal system reform for China's reform in the legal system of premium rate regulation. By drawing on the useful experience of foreign countries, our country should strengthen the corresponding legal system building to meet China's premium rate supervision reform, and pay attention to preventing the associated risks that other countries have experienced. It makes for the smooth implementation of china's premium rate supervision legal system reform.
This paper consists of four parts. I will start with the General analysis of premium rate regulation legal system, then turn to research the practices and legislation of the premium rate supervision reform which is from the developed countries, United States, Britain, Germany and Japan, who is representative in premium rate supervision legal system, and then on the basis of the inspection and analysis of the foreign premium rate supervision system, combining with China's evolution in the legal model of the premium rate supervision, I will analyze and review China's status and legislation of the premium rate supervision, then discuss how to reform and improve on our country's premium rate supervision legal system.
引文
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[2]曾文革.外资银行风险控制法律问题研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007.65.
[3]周道许,程春峰.金融监管原理与实务[M].北京:中国言实出版社,2002.104-105.
[4]曾文革.外资银行风险控制法律问题研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007.69-70.
[5]张锐.国外监管理论的演变及其对我国保险监管的启示[J].保险研究,2006,(9):50-53.
[6]王国军等译.保险经济学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.298.
[7]蔡秋杰.放松保险费率管制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.6-8.
[8]全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国保险法[EB/01].http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/index.htm,2002-10-28.
[9]中国保险监督管理委员会.中国保监会的主要职责[EB/01].http://www.circ.gov.cn/Porta10/default399.htm,2008-5-8.
[10]中国人民银行智力引进办公室.国外金融体系和金融监管学习与借鉴[M].北京:中国金融出版社,1999.273-274.
[11]邓成明.中外保险法律制度比较研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2002.280-281.
[12]赵国贤.美国保险监管及法规[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004.2.
[13]袁卫.欧美保险业监管[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1998.15-18.
[14]赵国贤.美国保险监管及法规[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004.2.
[15]张之骥.严恒元.最新英国金融体系剖析[M].北京:中国金融出版社,1997.542-543.
[16]程炼.欧盟金融监管:现状、问题与趋势[J].中国金融,2008,(3):58-59.
[17]李芳.中英保险监管制度比较研究[J].中州学刊,2007,(2):99-100.
[18]何广文.德国金融制度研究[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,1999.296.
[19]温树英.欧盟保险市场一体化的法律问题[J].法学评论,2004,(1):106-107.
[20]邓成明.中外保险法律制度比较研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2002.288-290.
[21]程宗璋.美英日三国商业保险监管体制的特点及其趋向[J].吉林财税高等专科学报,2003,(1):25.
[22]吉玉荣.张爱红.张维.日本保险业危机对我国保险监管的启示[J].南京审计学院学报,2007,(2):36-37.
[23]贺姝勍.美国农作物保险监管法律制度对我国的启示[J].财经界,2007,(2):25.
[24]李芳.开放环境对中国保险监管制度的影响[J].决策探索,2007,(3):23.
[25]胡庆康.叶明华.保险监管模式比较[J].商业时代?学术评论,2006,(8):60-62.
[26]中国人民银行.关于对保险业务和机构进一步清理和加强管理的通知[EB/01].http://www.pbc.gov.cn/,1991-4-13.
[27]全国人大常委会.中华人民共和国保险法[EB/01].http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/index.htm,1995-06-30.
[28]中国保险监督管理委员.关于调整人身保险产品监管方式的通知[EB/01].http://www.circ.gov.cn,2003-04-08.
[29]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中华人民共和国外资保险公司管理条例[EB/01].http://www.gov.cn/,2001-12-05.
[30]中国保险监督管理委员。财产保险公司保险条款费率管理暂行办法[EB/01]。http://www.circ.gov.cn,2005-11-10.
[31]戴金平.WTO与中国产业发展[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003.297-299.
[32]张哲.西方监管制度的比较及其启示[J].华北金融,2006,(1):64-65.
[33]柴坚.浅析我国保险监管存在的问题及对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,(16):26.
[34]徐静.保险业开放与我国保险监管模式的创新[J].经济师,2006,(6):32.
[35]郭宏彬.保险监管体制比较研究[J].生产力研究,2006,(7):195-197.
[36]鲁篱.行业协会经济自治权研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2003.19-23
[37]曾筱清,郭锋.强化内控与监管机制促进保险市场和谐发展.政法论坛(中国政法大学学报).2007(1):189-191.
[38]商学巍.关于我国保险监管工作的几点思考[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(12):98.
[39]孙祁详,锁凌燕.保险市场开放面临的新问题.经济研究参考.2005,(15):89.
[40]史鑫蕊.对我国《保险法》中保险原则修改的若干建议[J].2008,(1):109-110.
[41]武建强.国外保险信用评级制度评价及借鉴[J].广西金融研究,2007,(8):30-31.
[42]张晓丽,刘瑞霞.中美保险业信用评级制度对比分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,(31):103-104.
[43]孟飞.保险资金运用风险控制研究[J].法制与经济,2008,(1):103-104.
[44]唐淑君.我国保险监管的博弈分析[J].科技和产业,2007,(6):106。
[45]孟昭亿.保险资金运用国际比较[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2005.9-11.
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