基于DSP机器视觉的缠辊检测系统设计与实现
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摘要
随着计算机技术、网络技术、图像处理技术的发展,机器视觉技术正逐步渗透到生活中的方方面面。从医学图像到遥感图像,从工业检测到文件处理,处处都存在它的身影。可以说,需要人类视觉的场合几乎都需要机器视觉。
本文研究了机器视觉在工业在线检测中的应用,采用结构化、模块化的方案进行系统的软硬件设计、调试和实现,开发了一个采样频率和曝光时间可调节的小型实时缠辊检测系统,该系统克服了传统缠辊检测系统所存在的多种缺点,并使得维护工作更简单化。
课题分析了缠辊产生的原因以及传统几种检测方法的优缺点,在此基础上提出了以智能相机VCSBC4018为核心的检测系统。系统设计包括软硬件两部分。软件在集成开发环境CCS2.2下完成,设计了图像采集与保存、图像处理、缠辊检测等模块。针对实际生产中由丝束摆动所造成的裂缝宽度值突变这一技术问题,提出以裂缝宽度值和裂缝宽度值变化趋势双重检测的方法,该方法较单纯使用裂缝宽度值判断更能反映裂缝的发展趋势。为了调节相机拍摄的频率和曝光时间,设计了脉冲周期和脉宽可调节的外围脉冲电路作为相机拍摄图像的触发信号。通过对原图和一组仿真图的系统测试表明,该系统的各项技术指标都达到了设计要求。
为了能调节相机的位置,开发了相机位置矫正软件。该软件利用套接字技术将服务器采集的图像不停地传输到客户机上,进而再将图像动态地显示出来,从而达到矫正相机位置的目的。该软件同时也兼有视频监控的作用。
With the development of computer, network and Image-processing, machine vision is playing a role in many aspects of the life. Such as physic image, photographic remote sensing, industrial-inspection and so on. So, as you know, the machine vision is almost needed in every place where the eyes may be used.
As an application of on-line industrial-inspection, machine vision is researched in this thesis, hardware and software is designed, debugged and implemented with structured and modularized scheme. A small real-time wrap detect system which includes adjustable sampling rate and time of exposure is developed, and it overcomes many drawbacks of traditional wrap detect system so as to make the maintenance simple.
The thesis analyses the reason of wrap, the merits and drawbacks of traditional wrap detect methods. According to the analysis, a new detect system based on smart camera VCSBC4018 is proposed. There are two parts in the system design. As to software, under the IDE CCS2.2, many modules such as image acquisition and storage, image-processing, wrap detect are designed. It also proposes a new method which both use crack width and the changing current of crack width to solve the problems caused by swinging tow. This method can reflect the the changing current of crack width which is better than using crack width alone. In order to adjust the sampling rate and time of exposure, a timing pulse whose period and width can be adjusted is developed, it is a trigger signal for the smart camera. With a group of emulation images, the result shows that the qualification of system meets the design requirement.
In order to adjust the position of camera, a rectification software for camera is designed. It transfers the image from server to client with socket, then, the image will be displayed on the PC screen dynamically. As a result, the camera position can be put right. The software also can be used as monitored software.
本文研究了机器视觉在工业在线检测中的应用,采用结构化、模块化的方案进行系统的软硬件设计、调试和实现,开发了一个采样频率和曝光时间可调节的小型实时缠辊检测系统,该系统克服了传统缠辊检测系统所存在的多种缺点,并使得维护工作更简单化。
课题分析了缠辊产生的原因以及传统几种检测方法的优缺点,在此基础上提出了以智能相机VCSBC4018为核心的检测系统。系统设计包括软硬件两部分。软件在集成开发环境CCS2.2下完成,设计了图像采集与保存、图像处理、缠辊检测等模块。针对实际生产中由丝束摆动所造成的裂缝宽度值突变这一技术问题,提出以裂缝宽度值和裂缝宽度值变化趋势双重检测的方法,该方法较单纯使用裂缝宽度值判断更能反映裂缝的发展趋势。为了调节相机拍摄的频率和曝光时间,设计了脉冲周期和脉宽可调节的外围脉冲电路作为相机拍摄图像的触发信号。通过对原图和一组仿真图的系统测试表明,该系统的各项技术指标都达到了设计要求。
为了能调节相机的位置,开发了相机位置矫正软件。该软件利用套接字技术将服务器采集的图像不停地传输到客户机上,进而再将图像动态地显示出来,从而达到矫正相机位置的目的。该软件同时也兼有视频监控的作用。
With the development of computer, network and Image-processing, machine vision is playing a role in many aspects of the life. Such as physic image, photographic remote sensing, industrial-inspection and so on. So, as you know, the machine vision is almost needed in every place where the eyes may be used.
As an application of on-line industrial-inspection, machine vision is researched in this thesis, hardware and software is designed, debugged and implemented with structured and modularized scheme. A small real-time wrap detect system which includes adjustable sampling rate and time of exposure is developed, and it overcomes many drawbacks of traditional wrap detect system so as to make the maintenance simple.
The thesis analyses the reason of wrap, the merits and drawbacks of traditional wrap detect methods. According to the analysis, a new detect system based on smart camera VCSBC4018 is proposed. There are two parts in the system design. As to software, under the IDE CCS2.2, many modules such as image acquisition and storage, image-processing, wrap detect are designed. It also proposes a new method which both use crack width and the changing current of crack width to solve the problems caused by swinging tow. This method can reflect the the changing current of crack width which is better than using crack width alone. In order to adjust the sampling rate and time of exposure, a timing pulse whose period and width can be adjusted is developed, it is a trigger signal for the smart camera. With a group of emulation images, the result shows that the qualification of system meets the design requirement.
In order to adjust the position of camera, a rectification software for camera is designed. It transfers the image from server to client with socket, then, the image will be displayed on the PC screen dynamically. As a result, the camera position can be put right. The software also can be used as monitored software.
引文
[1]马金奎,路长厚,程英,机器视觉测试系统,工具技术,2004,(9)
[2]顾聚兴,机器视觉系统,红外,2001,(12)
[3]郑威,基于嵌入式机器视觉的缺陷检测系统硬件设计,武汉理工大学,2006
[4]田菲,张文锦,嵌入式机器视觉系统的设计,仪器仪表用户,2006,13(6):22～24
[5]张萍,朱政红,机器视觉技术及其在机械制造自动化中的应用,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(10):1292～1295
[6]许芬,智能视觉传感器及其应用,中国仪器仪表,2007,4:26～28
[7] TMS320C6000 Technical Brief, 2002
[8] TMS320C64x Technical Overview, 2002
[9] Hardware Documentation VCSBC40xx Smart Cameras (Revision 2.0), 2005
[10] Manual of the VCRT5 Operation System Library Manual for PC (Revision 1.0), 2004
[11] Documentation of the image processing library for VC cameras (Revision 3.0), 2004
[12] VCLIB_3.0函数列表, 2004
[13] TMS320C64x Image/Video Processing Library Programmer’s Reference, 2002
[14]王福瑞等,单片微机测控系统设计大全,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1998
[15]电缆连线图,2003
[16] Fairchild, Semiconductor CD4047BC Low Power Monostable/Astable Multivibrator, 1987.10, Revised 1999.5
[17]王成华,王友仁,胡志忠,电子线路基础教程,北京,科学出版社,2000年10月
[18]肖景和,数字集成电路应用精粹,人民邮电出版社,2002年6月
[19] National Semiconductor LM301 Operational Amplifier, 1994.11
[20] National Semiconductor DM74LS04 Hex Inverter Gates, 1989.6
[21] VCRT操作系统函数列表,2004
[22]贾云得,机器视觉,北京,科学出版社,2000年4月
[23]周心明,兰赛,徐燕,图像处理中几种边缘检测算法的比较,现代电力,2000年8月,(3)
[24]刘清元,谈桥,基于图像处理的混凝土裂缝的检测,武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(4):69～71
[25] Chung-Cha Kang, Wen-Jun Wang, A novel edge detection method based on the maximizing objective function, Pattern Recognition, Feb. 2007, 2(40):609~618
[26] Yuan-Hui Yu, Chin-Chen Chang, A new edge detection approach based on image context analysis, Image and Vision Computing, Oct.2006, 10(24):1090~1102
[27] Lily Rui, LiangCarl, Looney, Competitive fuzzy edge detection, Applied Soft Computing, Sept.2003, 2(3):123~137
[28]杨枝灵,王开,Visual C++数字图象获取处理及实践应用,北京,人民邮电出版社,2003
[29]求实科技,Visual C++数字图像处理典型算法及实现,人民邮电出版社,2006年6月
[30] Canny J, A computational approach to edge detection, IEEE Trans PAMI, 1986, 8(6):679~698
[31]彭海波,李晋惠,穆静,基于Canny准则的公路路面图像边缘检测算法,西安工业学院学报,2002,22(4):322～325
[32]谢志孟,高向东,基于Canny算子的焊缝图像边缘提取技术,焊接学报,2006,27(1):29～32,36
[33]董英城,基于图象处理技术的缠丝检测系统设计及应用,聚酯工业,2003,16(3):55～57
[34]王伟,何小元,杨福俊等,基于数字光测的表面裂缝宽度图象分析法,测控技术,2006,25(7):23～25,33
[35]陶云刚,误差理论与数据分析,北京,航空工业出版社,1997年12月
[36] Code Composer Studio Getting Started Guide, 2002
[37] Code Composer Studio IDE Quick Start, 2002
[38] TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide, 2002
[39] TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide, 2002
[40] DSP/BIOS Quick Start Reference Guide, 2002
[41] TMS320 DSP/BIOS User's Guide, 2002
[42] TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface Reference Guide, 2002
[43]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨,TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用,北京,电子工业出版社,2003
[44] VC20xx VC40xx Installation and Setup Manual (Revision 1.6), 2005
[45] Tera Term Pro version 2.3 Help Index Mar 10, 1998
[46] VC20XX and VCSBC4018 Programming Tutorial Basics (Revision 1.4), 2005
[47]王润生,图像理解,北京,国防科技大学出版社,1995
[48]丁展,刘海英等,Visual C++网络通信编程实用案例精选,北京,人民邮电出版社,2004年10月
[49]谢希仁,计算机网络,大连,大连理工大学出版社,2000年6月
[50]谭浩强,C程序设计第二版,北京,清华大学出版社,1999年12月
[51]宇通,王晓峰,李云飞,Visual C++实践与提高ActiveX篇,北京,中国铁道出版社,2001年1月
[52]候俊杰,深入浅出MFC第2版,武汉,华中科技大学出版社,2001年1月
[53]闫敬文著,数字图像处理技术与图像图形学基本教程,北京,科学出版社,2002年8月
[54] Visual C++ 6.0 MFC类库参考手册,北京,人民出版社,2002年11月
[2]顾聚兴,机器视觉系统,红外,2001,(12)
[3]郑威,基于嵌入式机器视觉的缺陷检测系统硬件设计,武汉理工大学,2006
[4]田菲,张文锦,嵌入式机器视觉系统的设计,仪器仪表用户,2006,13(6):22～24
[5]张萍,朱政红,机器视觉技术及其在机械制造自动化中的应用,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(10):1292～1295
[6]许芬,智能视觉传感器及其应用,中国仪器仪表,2007,4:26～28
[7] TMS320C6000 Technical Brief, 2002
[8] TMS320C64x Technical Overview, 2002
[9] Hardware Documentation VCSBC40xx Smart Cameras (Revision 2.0), 2005
[10] Manual of the VCRT5 Operation System Library Manual for PC (Revision 1.0), 2004
[11] Documentation of the image processing library for VC cameras (Revision 3.0), 2004
[12] VCLIB_3.0函数列表, 2004
[13] TMS320C64x Image/Video Processing Library Programmer’s Reference, 2002
[14]王福瑞等,单片微机测控系统设计大全,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,1998
[15]电缆连线图,2003
[16] Fairchild, Semiconductor CD4047BC Low Power Monostable/Astable Multivibrator, 1987.10, Revised 1999.5
[17]王成华,王友仁,胡志忠,电子线路基础教程,北京,科学出版社,2000年10月
[18]肖景和,数字集成电路应用精粹,人民邮电出版社,2002年6月
[19] National Semiconductor LM301 Operational Amplifier, 1994.11
[20] National Semiconductor DM74LS04 Hex Inverter Gates, 1989.6
[21] VCRT操作系统函数列表,2004
[22]贾云得,机器视觉,北京,科学出版社,2000年4月
[23]周心明,兰赛,徐燕,图像处理中几种边缘检测算法的比较,现代电力,2000年8月,(3)
[24]刘清元,谈桥,基于图像处理的混凝土裂缝的检测,武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(4):69～71
[25] Chung-Cha Kang, Wen-Jun Wang, A novel edge detection method based on the maximizing objective function, Pattern Recognition, Feb. 2007, 2(40):609~618
[26] Yuan-Hui Yu, Chin-Chen Chang, A new edge detection approach based on image context analysis, Image and Vision Computing, Oct.2006, 10(24):1090~1102
[27] Lily Rui, LiangCarl, Looney, Competitive fuzzy edge detection, Applied Soft Computing, Sept.2003, 2(3):123~137
[28]杨枝灵,王开,Visual C++数字图象获取处理及实践应用,北京,人民邮电出版社,2003
[29]求实科技,Visual C++数字图像处理典型算法及实现,人民邮电出版社,2006年6月
[30] Canny J, A computational approach to edge detection, IEEE Trans PAMI, 1986, 8(6):679~698
[31]彭海波,李晋惠,穆静,基于Canny准则的公路路面图像边缘检测算法,西安工业学院学报,2002,22(4):322～325
[32]谢志孟,高向东,基于Canny算子的焊缝图像边缘提取技术,焊接学报,2006,27(1):29～32,36
[33]董英城,基于图象处理技术的缠丝检测系统设计及应用,聚酯工业,2003,16(3):55～57
[34]王伟,何小元,杨福俊等,基于数字光测的表面裂缝宽度图象分析法,测控技术,2006,25(7):23～25,33
[35]陶云刚,误差理论与数据分析,北京,航空工业出版社,1997年12月
[36] Code Composer Studio Getting Started Guide, 2002
[37] Code Composer Studio IDE Quick Start, 2002
[38] TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide, 2002
[39] TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide, 2002
[40] DSP/BIOS Quick Start Reference Guide, 2002
[41] TMS320 DSP/BIOS User's Guide, 2002
[42] TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface Reference Guide, 2002
[43]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨,TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用,北京,电子工业出版社,2003
[44] VC20xx VC40xx Installation and Setup Manual (Revision 1.6), 2005
[45] Tera Term Pro version 2.3 Help Index Mar 10, 1998
[46] VC20XX and VCSBC4018 Programming Tutorial Basics (Revision 1.4), 2005
[47]王润生,图像理解,北京,国防科技大学出版社,1995
[48]丁展,刘海英等,Visual C++网络通信编程实用案例精选,北京,人民邮电出版社,2004年10月
[49]谢希仁,计算机网络,大连,大连理工大学出版社,2000年6月
[50]谭浩强,C程序设计第二版,北京,清华大学出版社,1999年12月
[51]宇通,王晓峰,李云飞,Visual C++实践与提高ActiveX篇,北京,中国铁道出版社,2001年1月
[52]候俊杰,深入浅出MFC第2版,武汉,华中科技大学出版社,2001年1月
[53]闫敬文著,数字图像处理技术与图像图形学基本教程,北京,科学出版社,2002年8月
[54] Visual C++ 6.0 MFC类库参考手册,北京,人民出版社,2002年11月
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