环境噪声应激对人体生理心理影响的实验室研究
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摘要
随着现代城市建设和交通的发展,城市环境噪声污染已经成为世界各国大城市面临的一个重要环境问题,噪声污染随着机械加工业、建筑业和交通业的发展而更加突出。噪声污染严重影响了人们正常的工作、学习和休息。噪声污染投诉事件数量一直居各类环境污染诉讼事件的首位,直接影响了社会安定和社会正常秩序。随着社会进步、经济发展和生活水平的不断提高,人类对自身的健康和生活环境也越来越关注,环境噪声控制己成为城市环境保护和社会发展的重要工作内容,国际上一些大城市己提出“建立一个清洁和安静的城市”的目标。因此,噪声污染早已成为科学工作者相继研究的重要课题。本论文由四个主要由部分组成,一是对噪声的实地调研;二是对典型的噪声进行现场监测和分析;三是采集典型噪声类型并对其进行声学特性分析;四是以噪声为刺激源进行人体生理实验。
噪声调研的结果表明接近31.7%的受访者把噪声列为第一大污染,噪声俨然成为影响受访者生活、工作的首要因素。通过对两类典型噪声生活噪声和交通噪声的分析我们发现,这两类噪声都是以低频噪声为主,生活噪声的发生和变化规律和人们的社会行为活动密切相关,而交通噪声受中小型车流量的影响最大。在以噪声为刺激源的生理实验中,我们发现:持续噪声暴露对男性短时记忆能力有影响,对女性无影响。在噪声暴露15分钟能促进男性短时记忆能力的提高;持续的噪声暴露对人体感觉神经传导速度和第二潜伏期并无直接影响,但却引起两者相互作用的显著改变;通过烦恼度测试发现在相同的噪声环境下,男性受试者比女性更容易感到烦恼,且男性对噪声环境的适应能力比女性要弱,需要用更长的时间来适应,受试者的烦恼度和噪声暴露时间呈正相关;实验受试者的问卷调查结果表明噪声对其的影响趋势和烦恼度、舒适度的实验结果一致。客观的生理实验和主观问卷调查均显示,离开噪声环境恢复15分钟,并不能完全消除噪声刺激对人体的影响。
With the development of the urban constraction and transport, the urban environment noise pollution has became the importment environmetal problem which the all the citys in the world must be faced. The noise pollution was sharpenned with the develpoment of mechanical treatment, architecture and traffic. It affected sharply the people’s work ,study and rest. The complains about noise is always more than other complaints, and directly affected the social stability and normal order. Along the advance of society and economy and improvement of living standard, human gradually focus on themselves’s health and surroundings. The noise contronl has became the important work of urban environment protection and social develpoment. In the world , many large cities had put forward the target to build a quiet and clean city. So the research on noise pollution arouses more and more schoalr’s focus. This paper is consisted of four parts. One part is the practical investigation of noise, second one is collected the practicable noise and did phonic analysis, the third one is the practical measure and analysis and the last one is made the noise as stimulus to do the physiology experiment.
The outcome of noise investigation indicates nearly 50% people who accepted the investiogatin made the noise pollution as the firstly great pollution. The noise pollution has been the chief factor effected people’s living. From the phonic analysis we found that the noise we researched are the low frequency noise. The the change trend and regularity have colse relationship with people’s social activity, but th traffic noise is chiefly effected by flow of the medium and small sized autocar. Form the phsiology experiment we found that: the continue noise has impact on male instant meomory, while has on effect on female instant memory. When exposed on the noise 15 minites, male instant memory got improved. Exposed on the continue noise, the human body’s sensory nerve conduct speed and second latend period weren’t be directly effected, but the continue noise aroused the significant change of their intercativity. Though the annoyance test we know that in the same condition, male feel annoyed more easily than female, and the male’s adaptability to noise environment is less than female’s.The degree of how the subjects feel annoyed is effected by the exposure time with a positve trend. The result of the questionnaire showed that change trends of human body caused by noise is comply with the outcome of the annoyance test. The sujective phsioloical experiment and the
噪声调研的结果表明接近31.7%的受访者把噪声列为第一大污染,噪声俨然成为影响受访者生活、工作的首要因素。通过对两类典型噪声生活噪声和交通噪声的分析我们发现,这两类噪声都是以低频噪声为主,生活噪声的发生和变化规律和人们的社会行为活动密切相关,而交通噪声受中小型车流量的影响最大。在以噪声为刺激源的生理实验中,我们发现:持续噪声暴露对男性短时记忆能力有影响,对女性无影响。在噪声暴露15分钟能促进男性短时记忆能力的提高;持续的噪声暴露对人体感觉神经传导速度和第二潜伏期并无直接影响,但却引起两者相互作用的显著改变;通过烦恼度测试发现在相同的噪声环境下,男性受试者比女性更容易感到烦恼,且男性对噪声环境的适应能力比女性要弱,需要用更长的时间来适应,受试者的烦恼度和噪声暴露时间呈正相关;实验受试者的问卷调查结果表明噪声对其的影响趋势和烦恼度、舒适度的实验结果一致。客观的生理实验和主观问卷调查均显示,离开噪声环境恢复15分钟,并不能完全消除噪声刺激对人体的影响。
With the development of the urban constraction and transport, the urban environment noise pollution has became the importment environmetal problem which the all the citys in the world must be faced. The noise pollution was sharpenned with the develpoment of mechanical treatment, architecture and traffic. It affected sharply the people’s work ,study and rest. The complains about noise is always more than other complaints, and directly affected the social stability and normal order. Along the advance of society and economy and improvement of living standard, human gradually focus on themselves’s health and surroundings. The noise contronl has became the important work of urban environment protection and social develpoment. In the world , many large cities had put forward the target to build a quiet and clean city. So the research on noise pollution arouses more and more schoalr’s focus. This paper is consisted of four parts. One part is the practical investigation of noise, second one is collected the practicable noise and did phonic analysis, the third one is the practical measure and analysis and the last one is made the noise as stimulus to do the physiology experiment.
The outcome of noise investigation indicates nearly 50% people who accepted the investiogatin made the noise pollution as the firstly great pollution. The noise pollution has been the chief factor effected people’s living. From the phonic analysis we found that the noise we researched are the low frequency noise. The the change trend and regularity have colse relationship with people’s social activity, but th traffic noise is chiefly effected by flow of the medium and small sized autocar. Form the phsiology experiment we found that: the continue noise has impact on male instant meomory, while has on effect on female instant memory. When exposed on the noise 15 minites, male instant memory got improved. Exposed on the continue noise, the human body’s sensory nerve conduct speed and second latend period weren’t be directly effected, but the continue noise aroused the significant change of their intercativity. Though the annoyance test we know that in the same condition, male feel annoyed more easily than female, and the male’s adaptability to noise environment is less than female’s.The degree of how the subjects feel annoyed is effected by the exposure time with a positve trend. The result of the questionnaire showed that change trends of human body caused by noise is comply with the outcome of the annoyance test. The sujective phsioloical experiment and the
引文
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[8] 魏保祥,顾社潮.火车运行噪声对铁路两侧居民健康的调查.环境与健康,1997,14(3):119-121
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[10] 王龙义,董恒兰,张伟.棉纺织业噪声危害状况的调查.中国工业医学杂志,2003,12 16(6):364-365
[11] 彭仁和,董吉良.煤矿井下作业人员噪声危害调查.中国职业医学,2005,10 32 (5):72-73
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