多功率异步电动机电磁场和温度场的数值计算与分析
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摘要
普通异步电机是工农业生产中重要的动力源,在运行过程中常常不能达到额定功率和负载的最佳结合,造成一定的能源浪费。根据这种存在的问题,本文提出了多功率异步电机设计思想,可根据负载的变化选择合适的功率等级,节约了能源。
本文首先给出了多功率异步电动机的实现方案,通过改变定子绕组的接法来完成不同功率之间的变换,以适应不同负载的要求;根据电磁场理论,建立了多功率异步电动机二维电磁场数学模型,利用有限元方法求解了不同功率的起动特性和稳态运行特性,并与实验的结果进行了对比;利用时步有限元理论,建立了求解域内的场路耦合时步有限元方程,仿真分析了多功率异步电动机在不同额定功率下的满载起动特性;另外,本文从传热学理论出发,推导了二维稳态温度场的混合边值问题,求取了定子绕组的等效导热系数和气隙、机壳上的对流换热系数,建立了定子齿槽的温度场求解域模型,并在计算了相关热性能参数和电磁场分析的基础上得出了求解域内的温度分布,实现了电磁场和温度场的单向耦合,得出一些有益的结论;最后以一台小型异步电动机为例,计算分析了不同负载下定子的温度分布,并分析比较了定子铁心内圆气隙温度和机壳散热翅高度变化对电机定子温度分布的影响。
论文做了一些实验工作,对理论计算的结果起到验证作用。
The induction motor is the important power supply of industry and agriculture, but some time the rated power could not match with load, so the energy waste was making. Based on the existing problem the idea of designing multi-power induction motor was performed. The multi-power induction motor can change its output power according to the loading variation, and it can do some help for energy saving.
The realized programme was proposed firstly in this paper, and the different output powers can be changed through altering the connection of stator windings in order to adapt to the different requests of loadings. According to the theory of electromagnetic field the 2-D mathematical model of multi-power induction motor was established. Then the starting parameters and running parameters, such as starting torque and starting current and efficiency and so on, were calculated using finite element method (FEM), the calculation results then compared with experimental results. According to the theory of time-step finite element method, the equations of time-step FEM coupling field and circuit in the solution region were established, and the starting performances at different rated loadings of multi-power induction motor were simulated and analyzed. In addition, based on the theory of heat transfer, the two-dimensional steady thermal field model is developed and the corresponding functional equation and equations of variation are derived. Then the stator windings heat conductivity and the coefficient of heat transfer of air gap and frame were calculated. The stator thermal field solving region of whole-slot and tooth is established. Based on the correlated thermal parameters calculated and analysis of electromagnetic field, the temperature distribution of the solving region is obtained, and the unindirectional coupler of electromagnetic field and temperature field was implemented. Finally, taking a small asynchronous motor for example, the stator
本文首先给出了多功率异步电动机的实现方案,通过改变定子绕组的接法来完成不同功率之间的变换,以适应不同负载的要求;根据电磁场理论,建立了多功率异步电动机二维电磁场数学模型,利用有限元方法求解了不同功率的起动特性和稳态运行特性,并与实验的结果进行了对比;利用时步有限元理论,建立了求解域内的场路耦合时步有限元方程,仿真分析了多功率异步电动机在不同额定功率下的满载起动特性;另外,本文从传热学理论出发,推导了二维稳态温度场的混合边值问题,求取了定子绕组的等效导热系数和气隙、机壳上的对流换热系数,建立了定子齿槽的温度场求解域模型,并在计算了相关热性能参数和电磁场分析的基础上得出了求解域内的温度分布,实现了电磁场和温度场的单向耦合,得出一些有益的结论;最后以一台小型异步电动机为例,计算分析了不同负载下定子的温度分布,并分析比较了定子铁心内圆气隙温度和机壳散热翅高度变化对电机定子温度分布的影响。
论文做了一些实验工作,对理论计算的结果起到验证作用。
The induction motor is the important power supply of industry and agriculture, but some time the rated power could not match with load, so the energy waste was making. Based on the existing problem the idea of designing multi-power induction motor was performed. The multi-power induction motor can change its output power according to the loading variation, and it can do some help for energy saving.
The realized programme was proposed firstly in this paper, and the different output powers can be changed through altering the connection of stator windings in order to adapt to the different requests of loadings. According to the theory of electromagnetic field the 2-D mathematical model of multi-power induction motor was established. Then the starting parameters and running parameters, such as starting torque and starting current and efficiency and so on, were calculated using finite element method (FEM), the calculation results then compared with experimental results. According to the theory of time-step finite element method, the equations of time-step FEM coupling field and circuit in the solution region were established, and the starting performances at different rated loadings of multi-power induction motor were simulated and analyzed. In addition, based on the theory of heat transfer, the two-dimensional steady thermal field model is developed and the corresponding functional equation and equations of variation are derived. Then the stator windings heat conductivity and the coefficient of heat transfer of air gap and frame were calculated. The stator thermal field solving region of whole-slot and tooth is established. Based on the correlated thermal parameters calculated and analysis of electromagnetic field, the temperature distribution of the solving region is obtained, and the unindirectional coupler of electromagnetic field and temperature field was implemented. Finally, taking a small asynchronous motor for example, the stator
引文
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2. 陈丕章,严烈通,姚若萍.电机电磁场理论与计算.科学出版社,1986:106~107
3. 章名涛,肖如鸿.电机电磁场.机械工业出版社,1988:426~442
4. F. N. Isaac, A. A. Arkadan, A. El-Antably. Magnetic Field and Core Loss Evaluation of ALA-Rotor Synchronous Reluctance Machines Taking into Account Material Anisotropy. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998, 34(5): 3507~3514
5. Ostovic. V. Three Dimensional Eddy Current Computation in Conductors of Electric Machines. IEEE Industry Applications Society, 2001(2): 737~744
6. D. Albertz, G. Henneberger. Caluculation of 3D Eddy Current Fields Using both Electric and Magnetic Vector Potential in Conducting Regions. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998, 34(5): 2644~2647
7. 李开成,马志云.一种精确计算异步电机电感参数的通用方法.电工技术学报,1996,11(1):21~23
8. Dawei Zhou, Chinniah B. Rajanathan, Andrew T. Sapeluk. Finite-Element-Aided Design Optimization of a Shaded-Pole Induction Motor for Maximum Starting Torque. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000, 36(5): 3551~3554
9. S. J. Salon. Finite Element Analysis of Electric Machinery. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1990: 29~32
10. 朱东起,许德伟,姜新建.磁场定向异步电机的磁饱和影响及转矩优化分析.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(9):1~4
11. 梁得亮,陈世坤.用时步有限元法分析实心转子异步电机的瞬态特性.中小型电机,1995,22(5):3~6
12. 严登俊,刘瑞芳,胡敏强等.鼠笼异步电机起动性能的时步有限元计算.电机与控制学报,2003,7(3):177~181,190
13. M.V.K.Chari. Finite element analysis of electrical machinery and devices. IEEETrans on Magnetics, 1980: 1014～1019
14. 刘允松,励庆孚,杨树正.异步电动机起动与堵转过程中转子笼三维温度场的计算.中小型电机,1998,25(5):5~9
15. 李德寿,潘良明.用不等距有限差分法计算电机的温度场.中小型电机,2001,28(5):17~20
16. 黄学良,胡敏强,周鹗.电机三维温度场新的有限元计算模型.中国电机工程学报,1998,18(2):78~82
17. M. Anxo Prieto Alonso, X. M. LópezáFernández, Manuel Pérez Donsión. Harmonic Effects on Rise of a Squirrel Cage Induction Motor. ICEM 2000. Espoo Finland. August 2000. Helsinki University of Technology: 144~147
18. Mezani. S, Kechroud. R. Finite Element Thermal Modeling of an Induction Motor. Electric Power Components and Systems, 2001, 29(9): 821~834
19. Cannistra. G, Labini. Sylos M. Finite Element Analysis of the Thermal Field in the Rotor during Motor Start-up. Numerical Heat Transfer, part A: Applications, 1996, 29(5): 525~539
20. Chan. C. C, Yan Lietong, Chen pizhang. Analysis of Electromagnetic and Thermal Fields for Induction Motors during Starting. IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, 1994, 9(1): 53~60
21. Mroz J. Temperature Field of a Double Squirrel-cage Motor during Startup. IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications, 2005, 152(6): 1531~1538
22. E. Gurevich, P. Oshurkov. Determination of Rotor Winding Temperature of the Turbo Generator with the Brushless Excitation System. ICEM 2000. Espoo Finland. August 2000. Helsinki University of Technology: 156~160
23. R Krok, R. Miksiewicz, W. Mizia. Modeling of Temperature Fields in Turbo Generator Rotors at Asymmertrical Load. ICEM 2000. Espoo Finland. August 2000. Helsinki University of Technology: 1005~1009
24. A. Di Gerlando, R. Perini. Analytical Evaluation of the Stator Winding Temperature Field of Water-cooled Induction Motors for Pumping Drives. ICEM 2000. Espoo Finland. August 2000. Helsinki University of Technology: 130~134
25. 张大为,汤蕴璆.大型水轮发电机定子最热段三维温度场的有限元计算.哈尔滨电工学院学报,1992,(3):15~18
26. 李伟力,侯云鹏,周封等.汽轮发电机径切两向空冷系统转子温度场的计算方法.中国电机工程学报,2000,(8):74~78
27. 李伟力,周封,侯云鹏等.大型水轮发电机转子温度场的有限元计算及相关因素的分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(10):85~90
28. 徐松,顾国标,李作之.蒸发冷却汽轮发电机转子瞬态负序温度场的计算.电工技术学报,1991,(11):6~10
29. 杜炎森,黄学良,胡敏强.同步电机温度场数值计算与分析.微电机,1997,30(4):3~7
30. 龚晓峰,刘长红,饶方权等.特种异步电机转子温度场的计算.大电机技术,2004(5):13~16
31. 黄东洙,沈稼丰,侯云鹏.高压防爆电机定子三维温度场的计算与分析.防爆电机,2002(4):11~13,19
32. K. Preis, O. Biro, R. Dyczij-Edlinger, K. R. Richter. Application of FEM to Coupled Electric, Thermal and Mechanical Problems. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1994, 30(5): 3316~3319
33. K. preis, I. Bardi, O. Biro, C. Magele. Numerical Analysis of 3D Magnetostatic Fields. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1991, 27(5): 3798~3803
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