电量测试虚拟仪器的研究
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摘要
电量参数的测试是电工、电子工程领域中分析、检测实际工作时的电气网络特性情况,研究现象机理和改进网络设计的重要手段,是实现自动检测和自动控制的重要保证。因此,开发高性能的电量测试仪器具有十分重要的意义。本文首先简略地介绍了国内外电量测试仪器研究的现状和发展趋势,接着分析了虚拟仪器技术的软硬件体系结构,提出了与同类硬件化仪器相比所具有的优点,随后详细地阐述了两个典型电量测试虚拟仪器(即虚拟式扫频仪和虚拟式数字万用表)的软硬件设计和研发过程,最后对研究成果进行了细致、客观的评价。
本文在借鉴硬件化扫频仪和数字万用表的功能实现原理和系统设计经验的基础上,利用面向对象的VC#.NET软件开发语言,在基于计算机的数据采集硬件平台上,成功研制出图形逼真、功能强大的虚拟式扫频仪和虚拟式数字万用表。它们可以输出用户特定设置的多种定频或扫频信号,检测未知系统的频响特性及测量交直流电压、电流和电阻值等,不仅具备了同类硬件化仪器的功能,还具有价格低廉,信息采集和处理的一体化和数据、结果的可视化等优点。
工程实践表明,这两个典型电量测试虚拟仪器的各项技术指标均达到或甚至在某些方面超过同类硬件化仪器的水平,并且具有功能强、精度高、效率高、成本低、开放性和扩展性好等优点,可以作为同类硬件化仪器的替代仪器,是一种可广泛推广的虚拟测试仪器。此外,通过对电量测试虚拟仪器的研究,再次表明了软件才是虚拟仪器的核心,突出了电量测试虚拟仪器的实际应用价值,并提出了虚拟仪器组件化和网络化的发展新方向。
Electric parameter measurement is one of the important means that analyzes and checks the characteristics of electric network, investigates phenomena, improves the design of network layout, and is one of the important assurance for the realization of auto-checkout and auto-control. So it is significant to develop high-powered electric parameter measurement instruments. At first, the paper curtly introduces the present status and developing trend of the investigation of electric parameter measurement instruments at home and abroad, then analyzes the software and hardware architecture of virtual instrument, and the advantages over the hardware-based congener instrument, subsequently expatiates on the software and hardware architecture design and the development process of two typical electric parameter measurement instruments in detail, viz. virtual sweeper and virtual digital multimeter, finally brings forward particular and objective evaluation.
By using the function principle, software and hardware system design experiences of sweeper and digital multimeter based on hardware congener instrument for reference, this paper develops virtual sweeper and virtual digital multimeter successfully with vivid graphics and powerful function on the platform of PC-DAQ by dint of object-oriented software developing language VC#.NET. They can output manifold user-defined fixed or swept signal, check the frequency response characteristics of unknown electric network, measure alternating or direct voltage, alternating or direct current and resistance value, and so on. They have not only the same functions of hardware-based congener instrument, but also have the advantages of low-cost, the integration of signal sampling and processing, the visualization of data and results.
Engineering practice makes know that every technologic guideline items of two typical electric parameters testing virtual instruments reach or exceed that of the hardware-based congener instrument in certain items. The two virtual instruments have advantages of powerful function, high precision, excellent efficiency, low cost, abilities of opening and spreading, can substitute for hardware-based congener instruments and are feasible for popularization. Furthermore, it makes know the software is a pith of virtual instruments, stands out that the practical application value of electric parameters
本文在借鉴硬件化扫频仪和数字万用表的功能实现原理和系统设计经验的基础上,利用面向对象的VC#.NET软件开发语言,在基于计算机的数据采集硬件平台上,成功研制出图形逼真、功能强大的虚拟式扫频仪和虚拟式数字万用表。它们可以输出用户特定设置的多种定频或扫频信号,检测未知系统的频响特性及测量交直流电压、电流和电阻值等,不仅具备了同类硬件化仪器的功能,还具有价格低廉,信息采集和处理的一体化和数据、结果的可视化等优点。
工程实践表明,这两个典型电量测试虚拟仪器的各项技术指标均达到或甚至在某些方面超过同类硬件化仪器的水平,并且具有功能强、精度高、效率高、成本低、开放性和扩展性好等优点,可以作为同类硬件化仪器的替代仪器,是一种可广泛推广的虚拟测试仪器。此外,通过对电量测试虚拟仪器的研究,再次表明了软件才是虚拟仪器的核心,突出了电量测试虚拟仪器的实际应用价值,并提出了虚拟仪器组件化和网络化的发展新方向。
Electric parameter measurement is one of the important means that analyzes and checks the characteristics of electric network, investigates phenomena, improves the design of network layout, and is one of the important assurance for the realization of auto-checkout and auto-control. So it is significant to develop high-powered electric parameter measurement instruments. At first, the paper curtly introduces the present status and developing trend of the investigation of electric parameter measurement instruments at home and abroad, then analyzes the software and hardware architecture of virtual instrument, and the advantages over the hardware-based congener instrument, subsequently expatiates on the software and hardware architecture design and the development process of two typical electric parameter measurement instruments in detail, viz. virtual sweeper and virtual digital multimeter, finally brings forward particular and objective evaluation.
By using the function principle, software and hardware system design experiences of sweeper and digital multimeter based on hardware congener instrument for reference, this paper develops virtual sweeper and virtual digital multimeter successfully with vivid graphics and powerful function on the platform of PC-DAQ by dint of object-oriented software developing language VC#.NET. They can output manifold user-defined fixed or swept signal, check the frequency response characteristics of unknown electric network, measure alternating or direct voltage, alternating or direct current and resistance value, and so on. They have not only the same functions of hardware-based congener instrument, but also have the advantages of low-cost, the integration of signal sampling and processing, the visualization of data and results.
Engineering practice makes know that every technologic guideline items of two typical electric parameters testing virtual instruments reach or exceed that of the hardware-based congener instrument in certain items. The two virtual instruments have advantages of powerful function, high precision, excellent efficiency, low cost, abilities of opening and spreading, can substitute for hardware-based congener instruments and are feasible for popularization. Furthermore, it makes know the software is a pith of virtual instruments, stands out that the practical application value of electric parameters
引文
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[3] 艾欣,杨以涵,周孝信. 虚拟仪器技术及其在电力系统中的应用. 电力系统自动化. 2001:54~57
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[5] 卢奂采. 虚拟仪器技术的发展及现状. 自动化仪表. 2001,22(11):1~3
[6] 蒋璇,何榕宁. 智能化测试系统. 实验技术与管理. 1994,11:11~15
[7] Al-Dhaher,A.H.G. Applied virtual instrumentation. Instrumentation&Measurement Magazine,IEEE,2001,4(1):59
[8] Tondre,H. Bernal,A. Valle J.VLSTA:Virtual instrument standard test architecture. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,IEEE,1995,10(3):19~28
[9] National Instruments. The PXI system architecture. 1997
[10] National Instruments. A new open specification for modular instrumentation. 1997
[11] National Instruments. Measurement and automation catalogue. 2006
[12] 陈美珠. 扫频仪及其使用. 泰州职业技术学院学报. 2004,4(4):23~25
[13] 刘明清,张丽丽. 怎样使用全频道扫频仪. 仪器与仪表. 2003,8:60~61
[14] 唐勤,金劲. 超低频扫频信号源. 电测与仪表. 1994:7~9
[15] 赵柏树,操长茂. 数字式频率特性测试仪的设计. 自动化与仪器仪表. 2001,1:38~40
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[19] 张正华. 一种数字式低频扫频方案. 扬州大学学报. 2001,4(2):55~57
[20] 周波,周德忠. 正弦稳态扫频信号的产生与输出. 武汉冶金科技大学学报. 1999,22(2):154~156
[21] 任良抒. 智能扫频方法初探. 电测与仪表. 1994:41~43
[22] 毛长根. 低频扫频仪的设计及制作. 电子工程师. 2002,28(3):37~40
[23] 周美珍. 频率特性测试仪及其应用. 仪器应用. 2004,6:38~39
[24] 操长茂,殷海兵. 数字式频率特性测试仪. 电子测量技术. 2003,4:12~13
[25] 谢婷婷,汤宝平,秦树人. 虚拟式扫频/幅仪的设计. 重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2002,25(4):11~14
[26] 李绍良,荣盘祥,邓彩霞. 传递函数模型简化的改进分式法. 哈尔滨理工大学学报. 2004,9(3):116~118
[27] 赵晔,樊贵卿,叶海智. 高频调谐器频率特性的扫频测量与探讨. 河南师范大学学报. 1999,27(1):40~43
[28] 王素英,王庆,赵磊. 关于电磁发射测试中带宽、扫描时间、扫频宽度及步长的探讨. 理论与实践. 2001:41~44
[29] 杨敬波,孙海龙. 零初值条件下系统的阶跃响应、脉冲响应及其传递函数的关系. 曲阜师范大学学报. 2004,30(2):37~40
[30] 周德忠,周波. 频率响应函数实时处理程序的设计. 武汉冶金科技大学学报. 1999,22(1):60~62
[31] 钱蔡强,俞冬兰. 扫频速率与倍频程. 环境技术. 1996,5:33~34
[32] 李梅,刘慧芳,沈海鸿等. 改进的扫频源校准法. 中国仪器仪表. 2004:10~12
[33] 山静民,陈满儒,丁毅. 系统传递特性的扫频测试方法. 西北轻工业学院学报. 2002,20(5):75~78
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[37] Nemeth,J.G.;Vargha,B.;Kollar,I. Online frequency domain system identification based on a virtual instrument. Instrumentation and Measurement,IEEE Transactions on. 2000,49(6):1260~1263
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[45] 励岳明. MF-47 型万用表的电路分析. 安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报. 2003,2(5):86~87
[46] 王小平. 测量电阻的几种方法. 河南广播电视大学学报. 2004,17(1):75~76
[47] 刘松龄. 集成运放在数字万用表中的应用. 中南民族学院学报. 1997,16(4):19~23
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