大空间空气环境参数检测方法及控制策略研究
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摘要
如今在人类社会生活的各个领域,普遍存在着高度H≧10m,体积V≧10 000m3的大空间建筑物。这类“大空间”建筑,面积大、空间广、区域应用功能复杂、区域间无隔断、人员流动性大,相对于一般小型室内空间空气环境,大空间呈现出复杂性、模糊性、不确定性和变动性大的特点,对空调系统满足人体舒适性的条件下实现最大节能,提出了更新更高的要求。
本文从分析环境因素对人体舒适性影响着手,得到大空间空气温度的变化是影响人体舒适性最主要的参数,大空间空气环境参数的检测主要是对空气温度的检测。并采用层次分析方法对大空间气流组织进行了优化选择,用计算液体力学(CFD)软件AIRPAK2.1对大空间分层空调夏季数值进行了模拟,得到大空间空调区域温度、速度场的分布规律,结合大空间分层空调送风口的个数,确定了大空间温度传感器的优化布置,并选择了单总线数字传感器DS1820来检测大空间空气温度的方法。
本文还针对大空间空调系统复杂性、模糊性、不确定性和变动性大的特点,基于变风量空调系统的原理,采用风系统和冷冻水系统通过协调控制的控制策略,即将整个区分成若干个小区域,每个小区域大小按送风口所管控的空间区域划分,每个小区域采用独立的送回风装置,每个区域单独控制,整个大空间采用变静压变送风温度的控制策略。并基于舒适性指标PMV值,利用BP人工神经网络建立了大空间温度设定的模型,设定了网络训练样本数据。这对大空间空调系统设计具有现实的参考价值。
Nowadays,in every field of human social life,there universally exists the large space building whose high and size are not less than 10m and 1000m3 respectively. This kind of large space building owns the characteristics of large area,large space,complex function of zone applying,seperateless zpnes and large human fluidity.Comparing with the air condition of ordinary mininature inside space, large space is typical of complexity,faintness,uncertainty and flexibility,which poses the newer and highter requirement for the realization of human body comfort by air conditioning system.
Starting with analying the effect of environmental elements on humen body comfort, this thesis put forward that the change of air temperature in large space chiefly affects the human body comfort, consquently,to test the parameter of air condetion is to mainly to test the air temperature.After simulating the figure of summer delaminated air conditioning in large space be using the software of Compational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)AIR PAK2.1,I know the distribution of the temperature and speed field for air-conditioning zone in large space. Combing with the best choice of the number of delaminated air conditioning wind-sending holes in large space ,I ensure the best arrangement of temperature sensor in large space, and get the way of testing temperature in large space by using signal bus figure sensor DS1820.
According to the characteristics of air conditioning system in large space such as complexity, faintness,uncertainty and flexiblity and basing on the principle variable air volume air conditioning system, this thesis provides the control strategy of controlling the wind system and the water-freezing sysrem by coordinating----to divide the whole zone into several small zones,to decide the bulk of the small space according to the space zone controlled by wind-sending holes, to adopt the different rewind-sending equipment for different small zone,to control every zone seperately, to adopt the control way of Variable Static Pressure Variable Temperarure(VPVT) in whole large space .Making good use of the figure of Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) and Back Propagation(BP) artificial neural network, I build the model of setting temperature in large space and the sample data of network training. All these have the reference value in reality about the air conditioning system of large space.
本文从分析环境因素对人体舒适性影响着手,得到大空间空气温度的变化是影响人体舒适性最主要的参数,大空间空气环境参数的检测主要是对空气温度的检测。并采用层次分析方法对大空间气流组织进行了优化选择,用计算液体力学(CFD)软件AIRPAK2.1对大空间分层空调夏季数值进行了模拟,得到大空间空调区域温度、速度场的分布规律,结合大空间分层空调送风口的个数,确定了大空间温度传感器的优化布置,并选择了单总线数字传感器DS1820来检测大空间空气温度的方法。
本文还针对大空间空调系统复杂性、模糊性、不确定性和变动性大的特点,基于变风量空调系统的原理,采用风系统和冷冻水系统通过协调控制的控制策略,即将整个区分成若干个小区域,每个小区域大小按送风口所管控的空间区域划分,每个小区域采用独立的送回风装置,每个区域单独控制,整个大空间采用变静压变送风温度的控制策略。并基于舒适性指标PMV值,利用BP人工神经网络建立了大空间温度设定的模型,设定了网络训练样本数据。这对大空间空调系统设计具有现实的参考价值。
Nowadays,in every field of human social life,there universally exists the large space building whose high and size are not less than 10m and 1000m3 respectively. This kind of large space building owns the characteristics of large area,large space,complex function of zone applying,seperateless zpnes and large human fluidity.Comparing with the air condition of ordinary mininature inside space, large space is typical of complexity,faintness,uncertainty and flexibility,which poses the newer and highter requirement for the realization of human body comfort by air conditioning system.
Starting with analying the effect of environmental elements on humen body comfort, this thesis put forward that the change of air temperature in large space chiefly affects the human body comfort, consquently,to test the parameter of air condetion is to mainly to test the air temperature.After simulating the figure of summer delaminated air conditioning in large space be using the software of Compational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)AIR PAK2.1,I know the distribution of the temperature and speed field for air-conditioning zone in large space. Combing with the best choice of the number of delaminated air conditioning wind-sending holes in large space ,I ensure the best arrangement of temperature sensor in large space, and get the way of testing temperature in large space by using signal bus figure sensor DS1820.
According to the characteristics of air conditioning system in large space such as complexity, faintness,uncertainty and flexiblity and basing on the principle variable air volume air conditioning system, this thesis provides the control strategy of controlling the wind system and the water-freezing sysrem by coordinating----to divide the whole zone into several small zones,to decide the bulk of the small space according to the space zone controlled by wind-sending holes, to adopt the different rewind-sending equipment for different small zone,to control every zone seperately, to adopt the control way of Variable Static Pressure Variable Temperarure(VPVT) in whole large space .Making good use of the figure of Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) and Back Propagation(BP) artificial neural network, I build the model of setting temperature in large space and the sample data of network training. All these have the reference value in reality about the air conditioning system of large space.
引文
[1] 范存养.大空间建筑空调设计及工程录 中国建筑工业出版社,2001.9..
[2] 邹月琴,贺绮华.体育建筑空调设计 中国建筑工业出版社,1991.
[3] 范存养,黄晨 上海体育建筑的大空间空调设计 98’内地香港空调技术信设计研讨会1998.3 北京.
[4] 李志浩.近两年来国内空调技术新进展,暖通空调新技术,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[5] 刘作军. 提高智能建筑空调系统能量效率的控制与研究. 硕士论文 河北工业大学 2000
[6] 黄勇理,瞿坦.大空间空调系统控制耦合问题分析及对策. 暖通空调 1999 年第 5 期
[7] 孙增圻. 智能控制理论与技术. 北京. 清华大学出版社. 1997
[8] 王昭俊等. 室内热环境研究历史与现状 哈尔滨建筑大学学报.2000.12
[9] 周子成. 舒适性和舒适性指标. 制冷. 第 21 卷第 1 期(总 78 期)
[10] 朱能. 人体热舒适性与室内空气品质若干关键问题的研究. 博士论文. 天津大学 2003
[11] Fanger.P.O.Thermal Comfort. Analysis and applications in environmental engineerimg. McGraw-HILL Inc New York,1970.
[12] Sunao Funakoshi and Kazuya Matsuo. PMV-Based Train Air-conditioning Control System(J). ASHRAE Transactions, 1995,101(1):423-430
[13] 申欢迎,秦萍,董军. 环境因素对 PMV 的影响分析. 制冷与空调. 2003 年第 4 期
[14] 暖通空调常用数据手册. 中国建筑工业出版社.2002 第二版
[15] B.F.Dralle.vertical zoned air conditioning for high ceiling industrial plants. HPAC, 1970, No12.
[16] 中国建筑科学研究院空气调节研究所. 高大厂房分层空调技术研究总报告.
[17] 邹月琴等. 分层空调气流组织计算方法的研究. 暖通空调 1983 No.2
[18] 小林满等. 某工场室内气流 模型试验 实测. 空气调和卫生工学 1974 No3.
[19] 张翔. 三峡电站主厂房分层空调技术的应用研究. 硕士论文. 重庆大学. 2001
[20] 杨露露. 高大厂房分层空调技术的应用研究.硕士论文. 重庆大学. 2002
[21] 赵焕臣 许树柏 和金生 层次分析方法 科学出版社 1986
[22] 许树柏 层次分析方法原理 天津大学出版社 1988
[23] 董玉平. 高大空间建筑空调系统 CFD 模拟研究. 硕士论文. 天津大学 2003.
[24] 徐光芬. 某体育馆气流组织的 CFD 分析. 硕士论文. 重庆大学. 2003
[25] Q. Chen and J. Srebric. Simplified Diffuser Boundary Conditions for NumericalRoom Airflow Models. ASHRAE RP-1009, 2000.
[26] 黄晨. 李美玲.大间建筑室内垂直温度分布的研究. 暧通空调 1999.5
[27] 田仲. 高世海. 温度传感器及其与微处理器世界. 传感器世界.范围 2001.1.
[28] 柴卫华. 何文昌 孙庆安. 新型数字温度传感器 DS18B20 组成的温度巡检系统. 传感器世界. 2001.1
[29] 金伟正. 单线温度传感器的原理及应用. 电子技术应用. 2000. 6.
[30] Waldemar Minkina. Theoretical and experimemtal identification of the tempeure sensor unit step response non-linearity during air temperature measurement. 《Sensors and Actuators》A/PHYSICAL.DEC.14 1999 Vol A78 NO. 2/3.
[31] 霍小平. 变风量系统的概念\分类及应用实例. 暧通空调 1997.5
[32] 蔡敬琅. 变风量空调设计. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1997. 暧通空调 1999.3
[33] 李克欣等. 变风量空调系统的 VPT 控制法及其应用. 暧通空调 2002.6
[34] 人工神经网络原理及仿真实例. 机械工业出版社 2003.
[35] 董阿妮. 变风量空调系统自适应神经元解耦控制与变静压协调控制. 硕士论文. 西安建筑科技大学 2004
[36] 谭良才.基于神经模糊控制的高大空间恒温空调系统数字仿真及实验研究. 博士论文.1999.
[37] 杨小平. 暖通空调优化控制技术研究 硕士论文. 沈阳工业大学. 2002
[38] 变风量系统耦合特性研究 第二部分:应用分析,全国暧通空调制冷 1998 年学术年会学术文集. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1998.10.
[39] 戴斌文. 变风量空调控制风机静压控制方法研究. 建筑热能通风空调.2000(3).
[40] Khoo I,Levermore G J and Letherman K M Variable-air-volume terminal units II:dynamic model. Proc.CIBSE A:Building Serv.Eng.Technol. 1998.19(3):163-169.
[41] Shuzo Murakami,Shinsuke Kato,Jie Zeng.Combined simulation of airflow,radiation and moisture transport for heat release from a human body .Building and Environment,2000,(35):489 一 500
[42] ASHRAE.ANSI/ASHRAE 55 一 1992,Thermal environmental Conditionsfo:human occupacy.
[43] Edward Ratnam. Adanced fee dback control of indoor air quality using real-time computational fliuid dynamics. ASHRAE Trans,1998,104(1):612-627
[44] E .Djumaedy, K . W . D .C heong.development of a simp lified technique of modeling four-Way ceiling air supply diffuser .Buiding and environment. 2002,37:392～403
[45] William Bobenhausen.HVAC Design for Green Buildings.HPAC 1999(2)
[46] Arens E, et al. A study of occupant cooling by personally controlled air movement.Energy and Building, 1998, V27: 45～59.
[2] 邹月琴,贺绮华.体育建筑空调设计 中国建筑工业出版社,1991.
[3] 范存养,黄晨 上海体育建筑的大空间空调设计 98’内地香港空调技术信设计研讨会1998.3 北京.
[4] 李志浩.近两年来国内空调技术新进展,暖通空调新技术,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[5] 刘作军. 提高智能建筑空调系统能量效率的控制与研究. 硕士论文 河北工业大学 2000
[6] 黄勇理,瞿坦.大空间空调系统控制耦合问题分析及对策. 暖通空调 1999 年第 5 期
[7] 孙增圻. 智能控制理论与技术. 北京. 清华大学出版社. 1997
[8] 王昭俊等. 室内热环境研究历史与现状 哈尔滨建筑大学学报.2000.12
[9] 周子成. 舒适性和舒适性指标. 制冷. 第 21 卷第 1 期(总 78 期)
[10] 朱能. 人体热舒适性与室内空气品质若干关键问题的研究. 博士论文. 天津大学 2003
[11] Fanger.P.O.Thermal Comfort. Analysis and applications in environmental engineerimg. McGraw-HILL Inc New York,1970.
[12] Sunao Funakoshi and Kazuya Matsuo. PMV-Based Train Air-conditioning Control System(J). ASHRAE Transactions, 1995,101(1):423-430
[13] 申欢迎,秦萍,董军. 环境因素对 PMV 的影响分析. 制冷与空调. 2003 年第 4 期
[14] 暖通空调常用数据手册. 中国建筑工业出版社.2002 第二版
[15] B.F.Dralle.vertical zoned air conditioning for high ceiling industrial plants. HPAC, 1970, No12.
[16] 中国建筑科学研究院空气调节研究所. 高大厂房分层空调技术研究总报告.
[17] 邹月琴等. 分层空调气流组织计算方法的研究. 暖通空调 1983 No.2
[18] 小林满等. 某工场室内气流 模型试验 实测. 空气调和卫生工学 1974 No3.
[19] 张翔. 三峡电站主厂房分层空调技术的应用研究. 硕士论文. 重庆大学. 2001
[20] 杨露露. 高大厂房分层空调技术的应用研究.硕士论文. 重庆大学. 2002
[21] 赵焕臣 许树柏 和金生 层次分析方法 科学出版社 1986
[22] 许树柏 层次分析方法原理 天津大学出版社 1988
[23] 董玉平. 高大空间建筑空调系统 CFD 模拟研究. 硕士论文. 天津大学 2003.
[24] 徐光芬. 某体育馆气流组织的 CFD 分析. 硕士论文. 重庆大学. 2003
[25] Q. Chen and J. Srebric. Simplified Diffuser Boundary Conditions for NumericalRoom Airflow Models. ASHRAE RP-1009, 2000.
[26] 黄晨. 李美玲.大间建筑室内垂直温度分布的研究. 暧通空调 1999.5
[27] 田仲. 高世海. 温度传感器及其与微处理器世界. 传感器世界.范围 2001.1.
[28] 柴卫华. 何文昌 孙庆安. 新型数字温度传感器 DS18B20 组成的温度巡检系统. 传感器世界. 2001.1
[29] 金伟正. 单线温度传感器的原理及应用. 电子技术应用. 2000. 6.
[30] Waldemar Minkina. Theoretical and experimemtal identification of the tempeure sensor unit step response non-linearity during air temperature measurement. 《Sensors and Actuators》A/PHYSICAL.DEC.14 1999 Vol A78 NO. 2/3.
[31] 霍小平. 变风量系统的概念\分类及应用实例. 暧通空调 1997.5
[32] 蔡敬琅. 变风量空调设计. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1997. 暧通空调 1999.3
[33] 李克欣等. 变风量空调系统的 VPT 控制法及其应用. 暧通空调 2002.6
[34] 人工神经网络原理及仿真实例. 机械工业出版社 2003.
[35] 董阿妮. 变风量空调系统自适应神经元解耦控制与变静压协调控制. 硕士论文. 西安建筑科技大学 2004
[36] 谭良才.基于神经模糊控制的高大空间恒温空调系统数字仿真及实验研究. 博士论文.1999.
[37] 杨小平. 暖通空调优化控制技术研究 硕士论文. 沈阳工业大学. 2002
[38] 变风量系统耦合特性研究 第二部分:应用分析,全国暧通空调制冷 1998 年学术年会学术文集. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1998.10.
[39] 戴斌文. 变风量空调控制风机静压控制方法研究. 建筑热能通风空调.2000(3).
[40] Khoo I,Levermore G J and Letherman K M Variable-air-volume terminal units II:dynamic model. Proc.CIBSE A:Building Serv.Eng.Technol. 1998.19(3):163-169.
[41] Shuzo Murakami,Shinsuke Kato,Jie Zeng.Combined simulation of airflow,radiation and moisture transport for heat release from a human body .Building and Environment,2000,(35):489 一 500
[42] ASHRAE.ANSI/ASHRAE 55 一 1992,Thermal environmental Conditionsfo:human occupacy.
[43] Edward Ratnam. Adanced fee dback control of indoor air quality using real-time computational fliuid dynamics. ASHRAE Trans,1998,104(1):612-627
[44] E .Djumaedy, K . W . D .C heong.development of a simp lified technique of modeling four-Way ceiling air supply diffuser .Buiding and environment. 2002,37:392～403
[45] William Bobenhausen.HVAC Design for Green Buildings.HPAC 1999(2)
[46] Arens E, et al. A study of occupant cooling by personally controlled air movement.Energy and Building, 1998, V27: 45～59.
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